Reaping the benefits of reducing waste

How to minimise the volume of waste produced in the construction sector

Zero Waste Scotland - Construction

Allan SandilandsKey Account ManagerConstruction

Rupert Carrick Business Resource EfficiencySector Manager

Introduction

• Who are Zero Waste Scotland?• Why target construction waste?• What is the Zero Waste Plan and

how does it impact on the construction sector?

• What are the barriers and challenges to reducing waste?

• Reducing waste – where do you start?

Who are Zero Waste Scotland?

Zero Waste Scotland

Zero Waste Scotland and others

Accessing one service

will open doors to others

Business

£30 energy spend

Regulation

Resources & Waste

Energy

The Zero Waste Plan and Construction

Scotland’s Zero Waste Plan

• Policy roadmap for next 15 years• Change in emphasis from ‘domestic’ towards

‘business’ waste streams• Timetable for landfill bans for specific waste

types• Timetable for mandating source segregation

and separate collection• Restrictions on inputs to energy from waste

facilities• Action to change thinking away from ‘waste’

and towards ‘resources’• Changes to planning system to speed up

approval of infrastructure• Improved data capture and analysis to help

manage improvement

Zero Waste Plan Scotland – Actions

1. Develop a Waste Prevention Programme for all waste in order to place prevention at the heart of zero waste policy and action.

2. Introduce a long term target of 70% recycling for all waste arising in Scotland by 2025, regardless of its source, based on improved data and supported by sector-specific programmes of work.

3. Use powers to introduce regulatory reporting to improve data on resource use by the business sector by October 2010.

4. Introduce progressive bans on the types of materials that may be disposed of in landfill, and associated support measures, to ensure that no resources with a value for reuse or recycling are sent to landfill by 2020.

5. Introduce a carbon metric for waste, to identify and prioritise the materials with the highest environmental benefit for recycling, leading to better environmental outcomes, and a more efficient economy. This metric will complement the existing tonnage metric.

Timetable for bans

• Bans will be put in place preventing:– Unsegregated waste being collected– Segregated wastes being mixed– Organic / biodegradable waste being landfilled

• Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is preferred technology for organic wastes

• EfW plants have role in dealing with treated wood, waste oil etc

Proposed Timetable (subject to consultation)• Source segregation of dry recyclables and food waste by April

2013• Landfill ban of dry recyclables and food waste by April 2015• Complete landfill ban on biodegradable waste by April 2017

Why target construction waste?

Construction waste in Scotland• Scotland produces large quantities of waste –

almost 20 million tonnes in 2008.

• This comes from a range of sources:– household waste accounting for 2.9 Mt

compared with; – 8.6 Mt from the construction industry; and – 7.9 Mt from the rest of the commercial and

industrial sector.

• Construction waste ~44%* of total Scottish waste

• 26% of construction waste is packaging

• 13% raw materials discarded unused

Why take action?

• Reduce environmental burdens– less waste to landfill– less site traffic– lower carbon footprint

• Maintain reputation– demonstrate CSR– demonstrate efficiency

and sustainable procurement

• Cut costs– lower tender prices

Landfill Tax

• Escalator extended to 2014 for non-inert waste

2014 £80/tonne

2013 £72/tonne

2012 £64/tonne

2011 £56/tonne

2010 £48/tonne

2009 £40/tonne

2008 £32/tonne

2007 £24/tonne

Opportunities to reduce costs

Cash savings

Materials purchase costs

Avoided purchase

Lower wastage

allowances

e.g. D&E reuse, in-

situ stabilisatio

n

e.g. design, ordering, logistics

System costs

Lower life-cycle costs

e.g. OSC, design for

refurbishment

Waste disposal costs

Less waste in total

Lower skip rates for

higher value materials

e.g. on-site segregation, efficient

MRF

Waste disposal costs are only the tip of the iceberg……

The original purchase price

and transportation

costs of the materials

+

The cost of their handling,

storage, transport and

disposal

+

The loss of income from not salvaging the materials

• e.g. For 8 cu yd skip:– Skip hire £ 85– Labour to fill skip £ 163– Cost of materials put in skip £1095

– TOTAL TRUE COST £1343

AMEC Case Study

Net savings

New build primary school (total cost £4.3m)

Value % of £4.3m

Potential savings £49k 1.15%

Cost to achieve £20k 0.46%

Total potential savings

£29k 0.69%

New build secondary school(total cost £22.5m)

Value % of £22.5m

Potential savings £160k 0.71%

Cost to achieve £30k 0.12%

Total potential savings

£130k 0.59%

Savings from reducing wastage rates and segregating waste

New build – accommodation block

Value of materials wasted

Cost of waste

disposal

Total cost of waste

Total cost of waste as % of construction

value (£3.1M)

Baseline practice £98,800 £16,600 £115,400 3.7%

Good practice (top opportunities)

£45,000 £6,800 £51,800 1.7%

Improvement over baseline

£53,800 £9,800 £63,600 2.1%

Where do we start?

Eliminate

Reduce

Reuse

Recycle

Dispose

Traditional Focus for Waste Planning

New National Waste Plan focus for business waste

The Waste Heirarchy

How do we move up the waste hierarchy?

• Clients – Include better procurement wording– Set challenging waste and recycled content targets

• Designers – Produce better waste forecasts – Consider waste from the outset

• Contractors – more involved in design and innovation– Better site practices

• Pre-construction

• Outline design

• Detailed design

• Construction

• Post-construction

Tendering & appointment

Prevent waste

Forecast wasteReduce wasteIncrease RC

Waste reductionWaste recovery

Measure performance

Review performanceBenchmarking

Model wording

Net Waste Tool

Designing out waste

tools/guidance

SWMP TrackerReporting Portal

SW

MP

Tem

pla

te

How do we move up the waste hierarchy?

SWMPs

Outline Design

Detailed Design

Pre Construction

Construction Post Completion

Waste forecasts

Updating with actual

dataStorage

DesignOut waste

Management Actions

Evidence of reduction & recycling

Completed plan

Guidance

The Halving Waste to Landfill Commitment

Halving Waste to Landfill Commitment

“We agree to play our part in halving the amount of construction, demolition and excavation waste going to landfill by 2012.

We will work to adopt and implement standards for good practice in reducing waste, recycling more, and increasing the use of recycled and recovered materials”

Halving Waste to Landfill Commitment

• 501 signatories to date• Over £13bn of projects have

set procurement requirements

• Scottish Government has signed up to the Commitment

• EC policy asks Member States to include Green Public Procurement criteria in 50% of tenders by 2010

Headline Commitment

Clients ContractorsDesigners &Consultants

Manufacturers & Suppliers

Waste management contractors

90 172 59 60 86

Government Department

9

Sector Body / Supporter

25

Project-level requirements

SWMPs Implement a SWMP and set project-specific targets for waste reduction, recovery and recycled content

KPIs Measure and report waste produced and waste to landfill (tonnes per £100k)

Waste recovery rate

Construction materials: 70% minimumDemolition & excavation: 80% minimum

Reused and recycled content

10% minimum in new build and refurbishment projects

Video – True Cost of Waste• Video link – Envirowise case study

http://envirowise.wrap.org.uk/uk/Sectors/Construction/Sector-Services/True-Cost-of-Waste.341603.html

Barriers – what is stopping us reducing our waste?

Barriers

• Lack of knowledge of true cost of waste• No system of measuring site waste

– You can’t manage what you don’t measure!• No control mechanisms in place to manage material and site

waste• Lack of awareness of good practice• Poor staff buy-in (internal workers and external sub-

contractors)• Environment “not priority area” – greater H&S focus• Time• Economic difficulties

Common causes of on-site waste

Source Cause

Materials handling Inappropriate material handling / storage

Damage during transportation / delivery

Mishandling

Packaging

Construction Offcuts

Poor installation

Damage caused by subsequent trades

Rework

Weather

Vandalism / theft

Site office waste

Good practice on-site

Good practice on-site

• Clean and tidy site (safer)• Collate waste data (e.g. waste transfer notes)• Maximise reduction and reuse of waste where possible• Maximise waste segregation• Manage materials on-site• Ensure site staff (inc. subcontractors!) have high standards

and know what is expected of them• Make use of signage (skips, materials, fuel)• Ensure fuel storage equipment is bunded and ensure spill

kits, absorbent material and drip trays are available

Site Waste Management Plans

Planning

1. Identify who is responsible for producing the SWMP- Assign overall responsibility for the SWMP

2. Identify the types and quantities of waste likely to arise- Assess each stage and estimate waste volumes

3. Identify waste management options- Determine your on-site waste management options

and choose in line with waste hierarchy

Site Management

4. Identify waste management services and contractors- Determine by who and how your waste will be treated / disposed of

5. Plan for efficient materials and waste handling- Optimise material supply & procurement of materials and set SWMP waste targets

6. Carry out appropriate training- Ensure all SWMP roles and responsibilities are understood by staff

Measure & Review

7. Measure your waste- Use waste quantities, types, volumes, tonnage to track trends and progress towards SWMP targets

8. Agree a measurement and monitoring programme- Audit to ensure targets are met and lessons are learned for future projects

9. Review SWMP performance- Generate report to assess performance of SWMP to improve for future projects£ / Tonne - % Recycled Comparison

40

50

60

70

80

April May J une J uly Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec J an Feb March2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

£ / Tonne

£ / Tonne Target

% Recycled

% Recycled Baseline

SWMP Benefits

SWMPs provide:

• A structured approach to waste management on site• Controls for ensuring legal compliance• Risk reduction• A framework for identifying cost savings by:

– Improving the management of materials on site and off site– Improving the management of waste for recovery rather than

disposal– Sending less waste for disposal

Reduce waste, improve resource use & save money!!MAKES GOOD BUSINESS SENSE!

Case study examples

Case Study 1 - Laing O’Rourke

Edinburgh Schools project:

• Review of Laing O’Rourke (LOR) SWMP and further development

• Roll-out support extending SWMP across other LOR sites• Early Warning System development - linked to client KPIs

Actual savings of £651,880130,901 tonnes of waste diverted from landfill

Case Study 2 - Clark Contracts

Perth Office Refurbishment and Johnstone High School:

• SWMP development & implementation support

– Waste diversion rate from landfill of 61%– Additional ~£13,247 saved by switching to a total

waste management contract– Demonstration of environmental improvements which

helped attain ISO 14001

Savings of >£49,000 to date~3,758 tonnes waste diverted from landfill

Case study 3 – DCHA / Lovell

Hyvots & Moredun Park, Edinburgh

• SWMP training for Lovell and DCHA and sustainable design discussion

– Escalating porch costs due to: • Unforeseen ground conditions affecting the substructure• Requirement to divert services to where the porches were to be built

– Re-design the porches:• Omit some glazed panels• Omit specialist cladding, replace with larch • Omit feature steel

Saving of £4,000 over 17 porchesTotal savings = £68,000

Thank YouAllan.Sandilands@ZeroWasteScotland.org.uk01786 460055 / 07515 597 293

Rupert.Carrick@ZeroWasteScotland.org.uk0870 190 5303