http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/harp/0715_big.html

Ms. McMillanGlobal IV

February 28, 2012

AIM: What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution in 1905

1. Russia was ruled by an absolutist Tsar1. Censorship2. Secret police3. Tried to block revolution

2. Society1. Strict social classes still existed2. Middle class had no power3. Poor peasant class who feared reform

3. Urban problems1. Some industry in the cities2. Long hours/low pay for city workers3. Slums filled with poverty and disease

4. Diversity and Nationalism1. Vast empire with many ethnic minorities2. Tsar attempted to Russify all Russia

REVIEW

1. On Sunday, January 22, 1905, a march occurred in St. Petersburg.

2. The peaceful marchers hoped to convince the tsar for reform.

3. Nicholas II, fearing an uprising, called in soldiers.

4. The soldiers shot and killed many of the marchers.

5. “Bloody Sunday” destroyed the people’s faith and trust in the tsar.

6. After Bloody Sunday, strikes and revolts exploded across Russia’s cities and countryside.

Bloody Sunday

1. Low spirits after defeat in 1904 war with Japan

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

Russia is Humiliated!

President Theodore Roosevelt

Acts as the Peacemake

r

He gets the Nobel

Peace Prize for his efforts.

Treaty of Portsmouth

2. Poverty and bad working conditions.

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

An Early Russian Factory

3. Corrupt Government

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

4. Persecution of minority groups

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

Russian Cossacks Slaughter The People in Odessa

5. “Bloody Sunday” killings

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

In the face of this chaos, Nicholas made some changes!

He agreed to reforms and promised to grant more rights, such as freedom of speech….

However, these changes did little to relieve peasant and worker discontent.

Where there any reforms?

1. The “October Manifesto” – Tsar Nicholas II announced reforms and new freedoms.

Civil liberties Freedom of speech Freedom of assembly No laws to be introduced without the

agreement of the Duma

RESULTS OF THE REVOLUTION

2. Nicholas II set up the Duma, which must approve all laws. However, the Duma had no real power! (No legislative power; could only advise.)

RESULTS OF THE REVOLUTION

3. Nicholas II dissolved the first Duma when leaders criticized the government!

RESULTS OF THE REVOLUTION

At their first meeting, members of the Duma put forward a series of demands including the release of political prisoners, trade union rights and

land reform. Nicholas II rejected all these proposals and dissolved the Duma.

4. Pogroms continued

RESULTS OF THE REVOLUTION

These refugees, photographed in

the port of Liverpool in May

1882, were among the first of the

estimated 2 million Jews who

left Russia between 1881 and 1914, mostly for

the United States.

5. New voting laws limit power of later Dumas.

RESULTS OF THE REVOLUTION

Peter Stolypin, chairman of the Council of Ministers (1906 - 1911), restricted the voting

franchise which lessened the voting power of the peasants and working classes. His goal

was to limit the number of radical left deputies and increase Octobrist Party

representation so that it could provide a solid base of support

for the government in the Duma.