Post on 15-Apr-2017
AI, behind the scenes
Gwennael Gate
www.angus.ai
https://www.linkedin.com/in/gwennaelgategwennael.gate@angus.ai@gwennoyel
AI
Future
Present
4 points &
20 minutes
1. How it works ? 2. Machine learning / deep learning ? 3. When do I get a robot that grabs me beer ? 4. What are the AI opportunities today ?
#1How it works ?
algorithm
outputinput
This is AI building block
algorithm
outputinput
PerceptionExample 1
algorithm
outputinput Say: « Do you want to mary me? »
DecisionExample 2
algorithm
outputinputSay: « Do you want to mary me? »
ActionExample 3
A « would you mary me » robot !
…
…
All together:
Perception
Decision
Action
Most AI systems look like this today
Watson (IBM), 2011Deep Blue (IBM), 1997 BigDog (B. Dynamics), 2008
Google Car, 2012 AlphaGo (Google), 2016Pepper (Aldebaran), 2014
Perception
Decision
Action
a set of AI algorithms plugged together by humans
to mimic some human capabilities
AI
#2Where is Machine (Deep) Learning ?
Perception
Decision
Action
AILet’s zoom in…
algorithm
outputinput
Let’s take again that « woman detector » example…
algorithm
A model
An engineer will first pick a « mathematical model » for this algorithm…
That will look like this…
algorithm
A model +
Parameters
He’ll close the box and expose a few parameters
* thanks Yann Lecun for the « mixing table » metaphor
algorithm
A model +
Parameters
At first nothing will work…
algorithm
A model +
Parameters
The old good wayfine tuning by an expert
These parameters can be tuned in 2 ways
algorithm
A model +
Parameters
fine tuning by an expert
Machine Learning
a (supervised) training algorithm +
training database
orThe old good way
These parameters can be tuned in 2 ways
Deep Learning ?
just a specific way of doing machine learning…
Deep Learning ?
model = neural network
The « mathematical model » is a (deep) neural net
Deep Learning ?
106 parameters
a (supervised) training algorithm +
huge training databaseAnd there are a lot of parameters to tune
AImachine learning based
tuned by experts
1. only a few algos are trainable 2. trainings are always « supervised » 3. today’s AI are « under control » by design
Mashable - Robot escapes lab and makes a break for freedom in Russia (June 2016)
That is probably not because of some revolutionary AI!
#3When do i get a robot that…
When do I get a robot …
I can make love with?
who handles household duties?
who can grab me a beer?
robots
robots
NO robots
why ?
Perceive
Decide
Act
Perceive
Decide
Act
Difficult
Perceive
Decide
ActDifficult
This is a nightmare
is a nightmareVariability
Uncertainty }}Our World
Perception
Decision
Action
Real World Complexity
Smart machines can hardly see today
much more incertain than variable }}
Perception
Decision
Action
AlphaGo (Google), 2016
The Unimate in GM factory - 1961
Asimo, Honda (2008)
Perception
Decision
Action
Pepper (Aldebaran), 2014
Google Car, 2012
Amazon Echo (2015)
mapped streets or
standing humans or
human speech or
Perception
Decision
Action
Real World Complexity
standing humans or
mapped streets or
human speech or
etc…Today’s AI are highly task specific
Watson (IBM), 2011Deep Blue (IBM), 1997 BigDog (B. Dynamics), 2008
Google Car, 2012 AlphaGo (Google), 2016Pepper (Aldebaran), 2014
Today’s AI are highly task specific
#4Task specific AI : today’s opportunities
Perception
Decision
Action
AI automates existing jobsor is doing what no-one was doing before
Perception
Decision
Action
An AI in a human resources team
Incoming C.V.
interesting C.V. people to set for an interview
email invitation
validation by humans
Perception
Decision
Action
An AI in a marketing team
e-shops comments
bad products corrective actions
A task that is specific enough +
a large input/output database =
AI can probably help !
Action
Perception
DecisionTo sum everything up…
the world
nb_people = 2 identity = « Julie » ; « Albert » gender = female ; male age = 28 ; 34 emotion = both smiling talking? = Albert is looking? = at me!
structured data about human activity
What we do : perception algorithms
the world structured data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL-LwT-q6cQ&feature=youtu.be
An example
Robot / IOT / AIGwennael Gate
Thanks !
Gwennael Gate
www.angus.ai
https://www.linkedin.com/in/gwennaelgategwennael.gate@angus.ai@gwennoyel