Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

• Biotic factor: living, or once living, factor in an ecosystem

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

• Abiotic factor: physical, or non living, factor in an ecosystem– Abiotic factors were

NEVER living

Characteristics of Living Things

• Universal genetic code (DNA)

• Made up of cells

How do we know something is alive?

• Reproduction

• Growth and development

How do we know something is alive?

• Response to environment

• Energy

How do we know something is alive?

• Maintain stable internal environment (homeostasis)

• Adaptation and Evolution

How do we know something is alive?

Is it ALIVE?!• Chalk• Fire• Earthworm• Apple seed• Pine tree• Mildew• Sand• Potato• Rose bush• Ocean

• Corn• Mouse• Dirt• Virus• Mushroom• Frog• Snake• Milk• Blood• Chair

As a pair, tell me whether each object above is alive or not alive. Explain your reasoning for each using what you just learned about living vs. non-living things.

Classification of Living Things

How are organisms classified?• Similarities in:– Habitat– Adaptations– DNA sequences and number of genes– Evolutionary relationships

• Homologous structures• Similarities in embryology

Cladograms

• Shows evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms

• Derived characters: characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in older members

Hierarchy of Classification

KingdomPhylum

ClassOrderFamilyGenus Species

Kingdoms

Five Kingdoms• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Six Kingdoms• Eubacteria• Archaebacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Animals

• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• No cell walls

Types of Heterotrophs

• Heterotroph: cannot make it’s own food– Must eat to obtain energy

• Herbivore• Carnivore• Omnivore• Parasite• filter feeder• Detritus feeder (Detrivore)

Animal Phyla• Porifera• Cnidaria• Ctenophora • Platyhelminthes• Annelids (Annelida)• Nematoda• Echinoderm

(Echinodermata)• Arthropods (arthropoda)• Mollusks (molussca)• Chordates (chordata)

Characteristics of all Chordates

• Have 4 common characteristics for at least one stage of life– Dorsal, hollow nerve cord– Notochord (support structure below the nerve

cord)– Pharyngeal pouches– Tail that extends beyond the anus

• Most chordates are vertebrates

Types of Vertebrates

• Myxini - hagfishes • Cephalaspidomorpha - lampreys• Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fishes • Osteichthyes - bony fishes • Amphibia - frogs, toads, salamanders• Reptilia - turtles, snakes, lizards• Aves - birds • Mammalia - mammals