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A. Cotter1,2*| & David A. Low1,2*

1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California – Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625,

USA. 2Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California – Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, California 93106-9625,

USA.

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Contact-dependent Inhibition systems

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Dr. Felisa Wolfe-Simon

Mono lake, California

Hamonas sp. (halophilic Proteobacteria) bacteria with large vacuoles that may sequester arsenic.

Vertical ‘walking’ Horizontal ‘crawling’

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The symbiotic bacteria Buchnera are located in specialized cells called bacteriocytes (shown green in figure) in the aphid body cavity. [Drawing by Tomás Lazo]

FISH micrograph of sectioned black bean aphid Aphis fabae hybridized with FITC-labelled DNA probe specific to 16S rRNA of Buchnera (green), with the DNA stain DAPI (blue) as counterstain. [Micrograph by Simon Chandler]

Bacteriocytes in body cavity of aphids.

Buchnera aphidicola

Regiella insecticola

Symbiotic Bacterium Modifies Aphid Body Color

Tsutomu Tsuchida,1*† Ryuichi Koga,2† Mitsuyo Horikawa,3 Tetsuto Tsunoda,3 Takashi Maoka,4 Shogo Matsumoto,1 Jean-Christophe

Simon,5 Takema Fukatsu2*

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Mucosal cell

Neisseriagonorrhoeae

CEACAMTGFbR

CD105 TGFb

b1 Integrin

Activatedb1 Integrin

Inside-out signaling.

Extracellular Matrix

24 h infection of vaginal epithelium with N. gonorrhoeae

triggers exfoliation of epithelium.

Bart Knols, medical entomologist University of Wageningen, the Netherlands and 2006 Ig Noble winner awarded the Eijkman Medal 2007 for their combined 20 years of research into insects that transfer tropical infectious diseases, like malaria

Inoculation of Limburger cheese with Brevibacterium linens.

Bart Knols. University of Wageningen

?

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January 14, 201014 cases, 7 died.

H2S + HNO3 H2SO4 + NH3

Thioploca chilae

Thiomargaritha namibiensis

Thioploca chilae microbial mat (continental shelf coast of Chile 132,000 km2)

DistributionTiomargaritha namibiensis

along coast of Namibie

Acetate

Epithelial cells

Bifidobacterium

carbohydrates

E. coli O157

Stx1/Stx2

Enhanced growth of S. typhymurium in the gut lumen and competitive advantage.

(1o electron donor)

S4O6=

2 S2O3= (4xS = +8)

(4xS = +10)

2e-

(terminal electron acceptor)

Organics

2H2S2O3

H2S

H2S4O6

Microbiota

Intestinal epithelial cells

Salmonella-induced inflammation

Salmonella

Neutrophils

thiosulfate tetrathionate

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Co-culture of Geobacter metalloreducens (green) and Geobacter sulfurreducens (red).

CH3CH2OH

CH3CHO

CH3COOH

H2

H2

2 H2 + 2 SO4= 2 H2S

2 H2 + 2 S 2 H2S

2 H2 + CO2 CH4 + H2O

Sulfate Reducers

Sulfur Reducers

Methanogens

Endergonic reaction

CH3CH2OH 2 CO2 + H2O

Exergonic process

Ethanol

Acetate

Succinate

Fumarate

e-

OmcS

Geobacter metallireducens Geobacter sulfurreducens

pili

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Published by AAAS