Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Commercialization Cluster of Organic and Large Area Electronics

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Programme9.00 Registration9.15 “Introduciton to smart textiles” (Carla Hertleer, UGent,B)10.30 “TriTex e-learning course” (Cédric Cochrane, ENSAIT, F)10.45 Coffee Break11.00 “Stretchable electronics for smart textiles” (Jan Vanfleteren, CMST, Imec,B)12.00 Sandwich lunch13.15 “Conjugated polymers: Versatile conductorsd and semi-conductors

for electronic applications” (Dirk Vanderzande, Uhasselt, Imec, B)14.45 Coffee break15.00 Discussion round16.30 Closing

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Why smart textiles?

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

A wearable smart textile system comprises

• Sensors• Actuators• Data processing unit• Communication system• Energy supply• Interconnections

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

e-textiles

Smart textiles

Intelligent textiles

Interactive clothing

Wearable electronics

Embedded electronics

Wearable textile systems

Smart suitSFITSmart Fabrics Interactive Textiles

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

A combination of materials and processes

Materials ProcessesConductive SpinningOptical WeavingChromic KnittingShape memory EmbroideryPiezo LaminatingPhase change Others

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Functional materials

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Smart use of passive materials

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Conductive materials

• carbon, metal, polymers• conductive, semiconductive, dielectric properties

Kevlar coatedwith polypyrrol copper gold

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Deposition of polypyrrole

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Electroless deposition of copper

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Deposition of gold: exchange with copper

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

• Conductivity• Conductivity that changes with fibre

expansion:• Deformation• Swelling

Adding conductive nanoparticles

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Obtaining elastic conductivity

Yarn levelFabric level: Knitting, special weavingStretchable electronics

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Smart yarns: elastic, conductive (A. Schwarz)

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Hollow spindle process

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Printing with conductive inks on textiles(I. Kazani)

• Digital or screen• Homogeneity• Accuracy of paths• Washing• Deformation• Adhesion

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Conductive inks on textiles

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Decline due to washing

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Connections Antenna

Power supply Heating

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Incompatibility of materials

ε=0

ε=6.0 %

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

strain

(R-R

o)/R

ofrom experiment

from change in dimension

PU with knitted fabric withcopper coating stainless steel yarns

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Sensors

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Body Environment Textile itselfbiopotential temperature temperature

temperature movements wetness

respiration biological stretch

movements chemical wear

position EM/ES fields abrasion

sweat water/moisture

odour radiation

electrical position

chemical pressure

biological sound

pressure

acoustic

skin properties

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Knitted electroconductive yarns as sensor

Textrodes Respibelt

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Woven pressure sensor, capacity based

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Complex textile structurescan add functionality

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Smart fabrics: knitting

• Electrodes forelectrostimulation

• Connection electrodes-contacts

• Textile compatible contacts

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Contactlesssensor EMG

Electrodeelectrostimulation

Textrodes

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Actuators

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Actuators

Mechanical shape memory materials, pH- and thermo-responsive polymers, electro-active polymers

Chemical micro/nano capsules, cyclodextrines, gel based systems Thermal phase change materials, electroconductive fibres,

Peltier textiles Optical electrochromic materials, (in)organic LED (OLED) Acoustic piezo electric materials Electrical electrostimulation

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

OLED

Textile structureOrganic materialsImage qualityYield still lowOxidation

TITV

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Energy supply

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Energy classification

Generation: ‣ Thermal: Seebeck textiles, Peltier elements,‣ Kinetic: piezo electric fibres, ‣ Radiation: photovoltaic fibres,‣ Magnetic,‣ Chemical: batteries,‣ Fuel cells.

Storage: electrochemical (flexible batteries), electrical (super capacitor fibres)

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

A flexible battery

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Flexible photovaltaics in garments

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Photovoltaics: Dephotex

OrganicphotovoltaicsNanostructuresDyestuffsChallenges:•Materials•Production•Stability•Concept

Transparent layer/ Electrode

N semiconductor

P semiconductor

Electrode

+ -+ -

+ -

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Energy from motion: piezo electrics

Deformation leads to E fieldNeeds large surface, no thicknessPVDFChallenges:•Materials•Concepts•Production (poling) Electrode

Piezo electric layerElectrode

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Energy from heat: Seebeck effect

Materials:•P semiconductor•N semiconductor•Conductive materials

Infineon demonstrator

Areas of cooling

Areas of heating

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Communication

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Communication

Wired-wirelessShort-long distanceVisual-Auditive-Tactile

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Into clothing

Into protective clothing

A selection of the prototypes for integration

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Data processing

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Electronics are required

- rigid PCBs- flexible PCBs- stretchable PCBs- textile electronics

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

MICAS van KULeuven CSEM voor Proetex Fraunhofer, Berlin

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Textile electronics through weaving (Sefar)

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Fibre transistor (L. Rambausek)

Conductive core: gateInsulating coatingSemiconductor coatingElectrode: source

Electrode: drain

SemiconductorSource Insulator

GateDrain

OFET: organicfield effect transistor

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Fibre OFET production

• Dip coating• thin layer• controlled crystallinity• homogeneous coating

• Vapour deposition• Controlled distance of electrodes

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

OFET stability

• Characteristics change• Pressure• BendingSensor

• Oxydation of semi conductor

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

OFET textile integration

Weaving structureRight patternsRight contactsNo falso contactsStable contacts

100µm

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Interconnections

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Embroidery

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Contacts (T. Linz)

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Standardisation of smart textiles

TC 248 WG 31 definitions and framework of regulationsStandards electronics: • no deformation, moisture, temperature• manipulation of materials (clamping, deformation, …)Textiles: no electronics

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

Conclusions

• Enormous possibilities• Choice of materials, concepts, structures,

production technologies• Application oriented