A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX -...

Smart Textiles meet Organic Electronics

A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX


Commercialization Cluster of Organic and Large Area Electronics


Programme9.00 Registration9.15 “Introduciton to smart textiles” (Carla Hertleer, UGent,B)10.30 “TriTex e-learning course” (Cédric Cochrane, ENSAIT, F)10.45 Coffee Break11.00 “Stretchable electronics for smart textiles” (Jan Vanfleteren, CMST, Imec,B)12.00 Sandwich lunch13.15 “Conjugated polymers: Versatile conductorsd and semi-conductors

for electronic applications” (Dirk Vanderzande, Uhasselt, Imec, B)14.45 Coffee break15.00 Discussion round16.30 Closing


Why smart textiles?


A wearable smart textile system comprises

• Sensors• Actuators• Data processing unit• Communication system• Energy supply• Interconnections


e-textiles

Smart textiles

Intelligent textiles

Interactive clothing

Wearable electronics

Embedded electronics

Wearable textile systems

Smart suitSFITSmart Fabrics Interactive Textiles


A combination of materials and processes

Materials ProcessesConductive SpinningOptical WeavingChromic KnittingShape memory EmbroideryPiezo LaminatingPhase change Others


Functional materials


Smart use of passive materials


Conductive materials

• carbon, metal, polymers• conductive, semiconductive, dielectric properties

Kevlar coatedwith polypyrrol copper gold


Deposition of polypyrrole


Electroless deposition of copper


Deposition of gold: exchange with copper


• Conductivity• Conductivity that changes with fibre

expansion:• Deformation• Swelling

Adding conductive nanoparticles


Obtaining elastic conductivity

Yarn levelFabric level: Knitting, special weavingStretchable electronics


Smart yarns: elastic, conductive (A. Schwarz)


Hollow spindle process


Printing with conductive inks on textiles(I. Kazani)

• Digital or screen• Homogeneity• Accuracy of paths• Washing• Deformation• Adhesion


Conductive inks on textiles


Decline due to washing


Connections Antenna

Power supply Heating


Incompatibility of materials

ε=0

ε=6.0 %

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

strain

(R-R

o)/R

ofrom experiment

from change in dimension

PU with knitted fabric withcopper coating stainless steel yarns


Sensors


Body Environment Textile itselfbiopotential temperature temperature

temperature movements wetness

respiration biological stretch

movements chemical wear

position EM/ES fields abrasion

sweat water/moisture

odour radiation

electrical position

chemical pressure

biological sound

pressure

acoustic

skin properties


Knitted electroconductive yarns as sensor

Textrodes Respibelt


Woven pressure sensor, capacity based


Complex textile structurescan add functionality


Smart fabrics: knitting

• Electrodes forelectrostimulation

• Connection electrodes-contacts

• Textile compatible contacts


Contactlesssensor EMG

Electrodeelectrostimulation

Textrodes


Actuators


Actuators

Mechanical shape memory materials, pH- and thermo-responsive polymers, electro-active polymers

Chemical micro/nano capsules, cyclodextrines, gel based systems Thermal phase change materials, electroconductive fibres,

Peltier textiles Optical electrochromic materials, (in)organic LED (OLED) Acoustic piezo electric materials Electrical electrostimulation


OLED

Textile structureOrganic materialsImage qualityYield still lowOxidation

TITV


Energy supply


Energy classification

Generation: ‣ Thermal: Seebeck textiles, Peltier elements,‣ Kinetic: piezo electric fibres, ‣ Radiation: photovoltaic fibres,‣ Magnetic,‣ Chemical: batteries,‣ Fuel cells.

Storage: electrochemical (flexible batteries), electrical (super capacitor fibres)


A flexible battery


Flexible photovaltaics in garments


Photovoltaics: Dephotex

OrganicphotovoltaicsNanostructuresDyestuffsChallenges:•Materials•Production•Stability•Concept

Transparent layer/ Electrode

N semiconductor

P semiconductor

Electrode

+ -+ -

+ -


Energy from motion: piezo electrics

Deformation leads to E fieldNeeds large surface, no thicknessPVDFChallenges:•Materials•Concepts•Production (poling) Electrode

Piezo electric layerElectrode


Energy from heat: Seebeck effect

Materials:•P semiconductor•N semiconductor•Conductive materials

Infineon demonstrator

Areas of cooling

Areas of heating


Communication


Communication

Wired-wirelessShort-long distanceVisual-Auditive-Tactile


Into clothing

Into protective clothing

A selection of the prototypes for integration


Data processing


Electronics are required

- rigid PCBs- flexible PCBs- stretchable PCBs- textile electronics


MICAS van KULeuven CSEM voor Proetex Fraunhofer, Berlin

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Textile electronics through weaving (Sefar)


Fibre transistor (L. Rambausek)

Conductive core: gateInsulating coatingSemiconductor coatingElectrode: source

Electrode: drain

SemiconductorSource Insulator

GateDrain

OFET: organicfield effect transistor


Fibre OFET production

• Dip coating• thin layer• controlled crystallinity• homogeneous coating

• Vapour deposition• Controlled distance of electrodes


OFET stability

• Characteristics change• Pressure• BendingSensor

• Oxydation of semi conductor


OFET textile integration

Weaving structureRight patternsRight contactsNo falso contactsStable contacts

100µm


Interconnections


Embroidery


Contacts (T. Linz)


Standardisation of smart textiles

TC 248 WG 31 definitions and framework of regulationsStandards electronics: • no deformation, moisture, temperature• manipulation of materials (clamping, deformation, …)Textiles: no electronics


Conclusions

• Enormous possibilities• Choice of materials, concepts, structures,

production technologies• Application oriented

A vision on smart textiles: SYSTEX -...

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