Post on 28-Jun-2020
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH
AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGES AT
TUMKUR DISTRICT”.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
ABHA RANI WILLIAM
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
ARUNA COLLEGE OF NURSING
RING ROAD, MARALUR
TUMKUR
2009-2010
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
01. Name of the candidate and address : ABHA RANI WILLIAM
1ST Year M.Sc. Nursing
Ring road, Maralur
Tumkur – 572105
02. Name of the Institution : Aruna College of Nursing
Ring road, Maralur
Tumkur – 572105
03. Course of Study and Subject : 1ST Year M.Sc. Nursing
Mental health Nursing
04. Date of Admission : 10-06-2009
05. Title of the Topic : “A Study to assess the effectiveness
of structured teaching programme
on knowledge of tobacco and Health
among Adolescents in selected Colleges at
Tumkur District.”
1
6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
“Smoking kills. If you're killed, you've lost a very important part of
your life” – Arizona
As smokers, we learn early on to put up a mental wall of denial between our smoking habit
and the harsh reality of the damage we're inflicting on ourselves with every cigarette
smoked.
We tell ourselves lies that allow us smoke with some level of comfort. We say we have
time to quit...that cancer doesn't run in our family...that we can quit any time we want
to...that the bad things happen to other people. And because smoking is typically a slow
killer, those lies support the framework of our wall of denial for years and years.
Eventually though, most smokers find that the wall begins to crumble, and bit by bit,
smoking becomes a fearful, anxious activity. This is when most smokers start seriously
thinking about how they might find a way to quit smoking for good.
A crucial step in the recovery process from nicotine addiction involves breaking through
that wall of denial to put smoking in the proper light. We need to learn to see our cigarettes
not as the friend or buddy we can't live without, but as the horrific killers they truly are.
If you're thinking that it's time to quit smoking, or have just quit and need some motivation
to keep going, use the smoking facts below to fuel the fire in your belly that will help you
beat your smoking habit, once and for all.
Most people who smoke first light up a cigarette when they're teenagers. In fact, 80% of
smokers began the habit before they turned 18. Here are a few quick facts about cigarette
smoking, nicotine and tobacco that you may not have heard before. Even if you have,
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they're facts that are worth keeping in mind when your friends and relatives light up a
cigarette.
1. Nearly 70% of people who smoke say they wish they could quit.
2. Teens who smoke cough and wheeze three times more than teens who don't smoke.
3. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, lung disease and strokes.
4. Smokers as young as 18 years old have shown evidence of developing heart disease.
5. More than 70% of young people who smoke said they wish they hadn't started doing
it.
6. Smoking a pack of cigarettes each day costs about $1,500 per year -- enough money
to buy a new computer or Xbox.
7. Studies show that 43% of people who smoke three or fewer cigarettes a day become
addicted to nicotine.
8. More than 434,000 Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases.
9. One-third of all new smokers will eventually die from a smoking-related disease.
10. Nicotine -- one of the main ingredients in cigarettes -- is a poison.
11. Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine.
12. All tobacco products -- that includes cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco -- have
nicotine in them.
13. Smoking makes you feel weaker and more tired because it prevents oxygen from
reaching your heart.
14. Smoking decreases your sense of taste and smell, making you enjoy things like
flowers and ice cream a little bit less.
15. Smoking hurts the people around you: More than 53,000 people die each year from
secondhand smoke.
16. Cigarettes have tons of harmful chemicals in them, including ammonia (found in
toilet cleaner), carbon monoxide (found in car exhaust) and arsenic (found in rat
poison).
17. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your health.
18. Just days after quitting smoking, a person's sense of taste and smell returns to normal.
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19. Ten years after quiting smoking, a person's risk of lung cancer and heart disease
returns to that of a non-smoker.
20. Most teens (about 70%) don't smoke. Plus, if you make it through your teen years
without becoming a smoker, chances are you'll never become a smoker.
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Teen smoking had been on a sharp decline since the mid-late 1990's, but recent data
shows that the adolescent smoking rates are rising slightly.
According to a 2005 study done by the CDC, 23% of high school students reported
smoking cigarettes in the last month. This is compared with a previous study of high school
students that showed 21.9% in 2003. While this data is somewhat discouraging it is far better
than the 1997 level of the same survey at 36.4%. The rise appears to be greatest among white
and Hispanic teens while the rates of teen smoking declined among black teens.
There is no concrete evidence at this time to show why the teen smoking statistics
have declined since 1997, but some believe it is in better awareness efforts. Some also feel
that it is due to a decline in media glamorizing smoking.
The CDC study showed that 80% of smokers begin before the age of 18. A similar
study which was published by the American Lung Association website shows 90% of
smokers begin before the age of 21.
A study that was done by the CDC also found some interesting facts and estimates:
1. About 3,900 teens under 18 start smoking each day.
2. Of the 3,900 teens that start smoking each day - 1500 will become regular smokers.
3. Those who smoke often have secondary behavioral issues such as violence, drug/alcohol
use, and high-risk sexual behavior.
Some of the contributing factors of teenage smoking are:
1. Low socioeconomic status
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2. Use or approval of smoking by siblings/peers
3. Smoking by parents
4. Availability and price of tobacco
5. Lack of parent support / involvement
6. Lower self-image or self-esteem
Consequences of teen smoking:
1. Chronic cough - if smoking is continued
2. Reduced stamina
3. Bad breath
4. Yellow teeth
5. Stinky clothes
6. Expensive habit - 1 pack/day = about $1000/year.
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6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A prospective cohort study of 148,173 men and women aged >/=35 years was
conducted in Mumbai, India. Subjects were recruited during 1991-1997, measured for a
variety of risk factors, including tobacco use and anthropometry, and then followed for
approximately 5-6 years. Results: During 774,129 person-years of follow up, a total of 796
cancer deaths were observed. Tobacco use, especially smoking in men, was associated with
particularly high risk of death in extreme categories of body mass. At highest risk were
underweight smoking males [hazard ratio (HR)=9.45, 5.87, and 5.75 for those smokers who
were extremely thin (<16.0kg/m(2)), very thin (16.0 to <17.0kg/m(2)), or thin (17.0 to
<18.5), respectively]. Significant effects of underweight among never and smokeless tobacco
users disappeared with exclusion of individuals with </=2 years of follow up. Extremely thin
(<16.0kg/m(2)) women smokeless tobacco users had an elevation in risk, HR=2.95, that
actually appeared to increase (to 3.21) with exclusion of individuals who were diagnosed
within 2 years of follow up.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a meeting in September
2005 to review tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation among those with mental
disorders, especially individuals with anxiety disorders, depression, or schizophrenia.
Smoking rates are exceptionally high among these individuals and contribute to the high
rates of medical morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Numerous biological,
psychological, and social factors may explain these high smoking rates, including the lack of
smoking cessation treatment in mental health settings. Historically, "self-medication" and
"individual rights" have been concerns used to rationalize allowing ongoing tobacco use and
limited smoking cessation efforts in many mental health treatment settings. Although
research has shown that tobacco use can reduce or ameliorate certain psychiatric symptoms,
over reliance on the self-medication hypothesis to explain the high rates of tobacco use in
psychiatric populations may result in inadequate attention to other potential explanations for
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this addictive behavior among those with mental disorders. A more complete understanding
of nicotine and tobacco use in psychiatric patients also can lead to new psychiatric treatments
and a better understanding of mental illness. Greater collaboration between mental health
researchers and nicotine and tobacco researchers is needed to better understand and develop
new treatments for cooccurring nicotine dependence and mental illness. Despite an
accumulating literature for some specific psychiatric disorders and tobacco use and cessation,
many unstudied research questions remain and are a focus and an emphasis of this review.
Among adolescents, 12.8% (95% confidence interval, 12.0-13.6) were nicotine
dependent. Associations between nicotine dependence and specific Axis I and II disorders
were all strong and statistically significant (P<.05) in the total population and among men
and women. Nicotine-dependent individuals made up only 12.8% (95% confidence interval,
12.0-13.6) of the population yet consumed 57.5% of all cigarettes smoked. Nicotine-
dependent individuals with a comorbid psychiatric disorder made up 7.1% (95% confidence
interval, 6.6-7.6) of the population yet consumed 34.2% of all cigarettes smoked.
CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-dependent and psychiatrically ill individuals consume about 70%
of all cigarettes smoked. The results of this study highlight the importance of focusing
smoking cessation efforts on individuals who are nicotine dependent, individuals who have
psychiatric disorders, and individuals who have comorbid nicotine dependence and other
psychiatric disorders. Further, awareness of industry segmentation strategies can improve
smoking cessation efforts of clinicians and other health professionals among all smokers and
especially among the most vulnerable.
Knowledge of the epidemiology of tobacco use and dependence can be used to guide
research initiatives, intervention programs, and policy decisions. Both the reduction in the
prevalence of smoking among US adults and black adolescents and the decline in per capita
consumption are encouraging. These changes have probably been influenced by factors
operating at the individual (e.g., school-based prevention programs and cessation programs)
and environmental (e.g., mass media educational strategies, the presence of smoke-free laws
and policies, and the price of tobacco products) levels (for a discussion of these factors, see,
e.g., refs. 2, 48, 52, 183, and 184). The lack of progress among adolescents, especially whites
and males, and the high risk for experimenters of developing tobacco dependence present
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cause for great concern (48, 183-186). In addition to those discussed above, several areas of
research can be recommended. 1. Better understanding of the clustering of tobacco use with
the use of other drugs, other risk behaviors, and other psychiatric disorders could better
illuminate the causal processes involved, as well as the special features of the interventions
needed to prevent and treat tobacco dependence. 2. To better understand population needs,
trend analyses of prevalence, initiation, and cessation should, whenever possible, incorporate
standardized measures of these other risk factors. Future research should compare the effect
of socioeconomic status variables on measures of smoking behavior among racial/ethnic
groups in the United States. 3. For reasons that may be genetic, environmental, or both, some
persons do not progress beyond initial experimentation with tobacco use (2, 48, 183, 187-
192), but about one-third to one-half of those who experiment with cigarettes become regular
users (48, 193, 194). Factors, both individual and environmental, that can influence the
susceptibility of individuals to tobacco dependence need further attention. 4. To estimate
their sensitivity and specificity, comparisons of the National Household Survey on Drug
Abuse indicators of dependence with DSM-based criteria are needed. Public health action
continues to be warranted to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality caused by
tobacco use (195). A paradigm for such action has been recommended and involves
preventing the onset of use, treating tobacco dependence, protecting non-smokers from
exposure to secondhand smoke, promoting nonsmoking messages while limiting the effect of
tobacco advertising and promotion on young people, increasing the real (inflation-adjusted)
price of tobacco products, and regulating tobacco products (186).
A total of 1885 persons participated in the survey. Of the surveyed population, 86%
had heard about oral cancer and 32% knew someone with oral cancer. Sixty-two percent of
the subjects correctly identified the causes; this included 77% of the subjects who identifying
smoking, 64% alcohol and 79% pan chewing as a cause of oral cancer. More than 42%
believed that poor oral health could lead to oral cancer and 53% thought that oral cancer is an
incurable disease. Forty percent of males and 14% females had one or more high-risk habits.
It was observed that the awareness was proportional to the education level (p<0.001) and
inversely proportional to the prevalence of risk factor habits (p<0.001). Eighty-two percent of
the smokers, 75% of the tobacco chewers and 66% of those who consumed alcohol were
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aware that their habits could lead to oral cancer. Overall, the awareness of oral cancer in this
high-risk population was satisfactory, though certain gaps exist, pointing to a need for
targeted health education and risk factor cessation counseling.
Certain groups in the United States remain at high risk and suffer disproportionately from
tobacco-related illness and death despite progress made in reducing tobacco use. To address
gaps in research on tobacco-related disparities and develop a comprehensive agenda aimed at
reducing such disparities, representatives from funding agencies, community-based
organizations, and academic institutions convened at the National Conference on Tobacco
and Health Disparities in 2002. Conference participants reviewed the current research,
identified existing gaps, and prioritized scientific recommendations. Panel discussions were
organized to address research areas affecting underserved and understudied populations. We
report major research recommendations made by the conference participants in several
scientific domains. These recommendations will ultimately help guide the field in reducing
and eliminating tobacco-related disparities in the United States.
During this meeting, the participants developed a strategic set of recommendations
for ASPH to continue to advance the study of tobacco control in public health through
research and education/training programs. The meeting focused on sustaining and further
developing tobacco-related research and education/ training programs. All four issues were
addressed in depth through valuable discussion and exchange and reflected in the nine areas
of focus. Recommendations for advocacy for future funding for SPH in tobacco control
included developing collaborative relationships with ASPH partners, organizations, and
institutions with complementary objectives (state departments of health, third party payors,
etc). Priorities for sustaining and further developing research and education/training
programs within SPH included developing a focus on particular research areas (e.g., special
populations, economic issues, dissemination and translational issues), building on existing
knowledge, and attempting to avoid the effects of "siloing" with collaborative relationships
and methods for addressing the sustenance of programs beyond initial funding periods.
Methods to maintain vigilance on tobacco control with increasing concerns about other risk
factors included fostering an increasing awareness of tobacco-related issues, projects, and
programs as well as developing collaborative relationships with organizations and institutions
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with complementary health-risk related objectives. Other recommendations focused on
enhancing SPH leadership in the tobacco control field by developing standards and
methodologies and translating research to practice. They included (1) developing standards
for consistent tobacco control-related education to public health students, public health
professionals, and other students and professionals; (2) developing a standardized method for
evaluating tobacco-attributable factors and effects; and (3) conducting effectiveness trials of
treatments known to be efficacious. Effectively addressing these perennial issues will enable
SPH to enhance its leadership position and contribute greatly to research and
education/training in tobacco control. All of these issues were factors in program planning
for the second National STEP UP Academic Tobacco Workshop. For instance, reviews of
particular research areas might be offered or facilitated as well as methods for developing
collaborative partnerships and subsequent efforts. Steps toward the development of tobacco
control education core competencies might be developed as well. The second National STEP
UP Academic Tobacco Workshop-STEP UP to Sustain Tobacco Control and Prevention
through Education and Research--was held on January 30-31, 2006. The topics of discussion
ranged from use of secondary data to behavioral economics. More information about the
workshop can be found at http://www.asph.org/ document.cfm?page=882. Attention to the
recommendations that resulted from the planning meeting will provide a strategic platform
from which ASPH and the public health community can continue to address the single
greatest cause of preventable disease and death in the world.
Recognizing that the scientific method is as critical to cancer control as it is to basic
laboratory research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established a well-defined,
systematic strategy for attaining its cancer control goals and objectives. This strategy,
operationalized in the early 1980s as a five-phase process, emphasized cancer control as a
research science rather than a demonstration science. The five phases of NCI's cancer control
research strategy progress from hypothesis development, to methods development, to
controlled intervention trials, to defined population studies, and finally to demonstration and
implementation programs. This research base provides the foundation for nationwide
prevention and health services programs. The application of this five-phase approach to
NCI's efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to tobacco use is described, and
some of the challenges that faced the Institute in this process are identified. These
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experiences provide an important framework for other disciplines faced with the challenge of
translating science into practice.
Tobacco has a long history of use in the U.S., and its serious health effects have been
well-documented during the past half century, U.S. efforts to control tobacco use and
tobacco-related morbidity and mortality have been reasonably successful over the past 25
years, during which time there has been a 34 percent reduction in adult smoking.
Nevertheless, tobacco use remains a significant public health problem in the U.S., with more
than 430,000 tobacco-related deaths per year and over one-fourth of the population
continuing to smoke. Many organizations are involved in tobacco use control activities, the
most broadly focused of which is the National Cancer Institute (NCI). As an example of the
type of program needed to address the problem of tobacco use on a national scale, the NCI's
public health research plan and activities are described and its emphasis on a data-based
decision matrix in its approach to tobacco and cancer control research and applications of
research is discussed. Finally, future approaches to tobacco use control in the U.S. are
suggested.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Four of
every five persons who use tobacco begin before they reach adulthood; more than 3,000
young persons begin smoking each day. In addition, smoking is addictive-three of four
teenagers who smoke have made at least one serious, yet unsuccessful, effort to quit. The
importance of tobacco use cessation programs for youth is addressed in Healthy People 2000:
National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives and in recently passed
legislation related to the Goals 2000 National Education Goals. CDC's Guidelines for School
Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction states that tobacco cessation
programs are needed to help young persons who already use tobacco. In 1994, both the
Surgeon General's Report, Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People, and the Institute
of Medicine's report, Growing Up Tobacco Free, indicated that there were very few effective
cessation programs for youth and that more research is needed in this area. This project
convened experts to provide recommendations on the design of a tobacco cessation
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intervention for youth, including helping pregnant teenagers who smoke to stop. This
program is based on effective adult cessation programs with modifications relevant to
adolescent development. During the first year the major foundational work for this project
was accomplished. A database of key contacts and other related interventions in tobacco
cessation for youth was developed, a review and analysis of prevalence and trends in
adolescent smoking were conducted, and a cooperative agreement with the American
Medical Association was established to complete the design, implementation, and evaluation
of an effective tobacco cessation program for youth. During the second project year, this
program was tested through quasi-experimental research at various school-based health
clinics throughout the country. The third year involved follow-up data collection and
program modification based on the results. Plans for dissemination of the intervention to
youth-serving agencies across the nation will be developed. This is a 3-year project.
Copyright 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
Recruiting students who were caught smoking at school proved to be highly
successful. Participants rated the programme favourably, and retention rates were high.
Although treated participants improved more in tobacco related knowledge relative to
controls (p = 0.002), there were no group differences in changes in attitudes toward smoking.
In addition, treated and control participants demonstrated no significant differences in
cessation rates both at post-test and follow up. Comparisons between self reported cessation
rates and those obtained under bogus pipeline conditions or with biochemical verification
suggested significant falsification of cessation among participants. Our results failed to
demonstrate any significant effect of the cessation programme on smoking rates for treated
adolescents compared with controls. Our findings also highlight the importance of utilising
strong methodology in research on adolescent smoking cessation, including control groups
and biochemical verification of smoking status.
Previous research has shown that 8% to 10% of nonsmokers initiated smoking during
their first year of military service despite a period of forced abstinence during boot camp. To
our knowledge, no studies have looked at the influence of peers and role models on the
initiation of smoking among U.S. Air Force personnel who recently completed boot camp.
This cross-sectional study examined the role of perceived peer norms, roommate influence,
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role model influence, perceived norms of all active duty personnel, and depressive symptoms
in the initiation and reinitiation of smoking among 2,962 Air Force technical training
students. Previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if they perceived that the
majority of their classmates smoked (OR = 1.67, 95% CI[1.05-2.67]) and if they reported that
their military training leader or classroom instructor used tobacco products (OR = 1.69, 95%
CI[1.12-2.56]). Additionally, previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if
their roommate smoked (OR = 1.67, 95% CI[1.09-2.56]). Similar results were seen with
previous smokers who perceived that the majority of their classmates smoked (OR = 1.63,
95% CI[1.03-2.58]) and if they reported that their military training leader or classroom
instructor used tobacco products (OR = 1.95, 95% CI[1.29-2.94]). Our study suggests that
military role models who use tobacco, peer smoking behavior, and perceived smoking norms
increase the likelihood of smoking initiation among newly enlisted military personnel who
have recently undergone a period of forced abstinence.
The first level of analysis confirmed previously reported evidence that there is a
correlation between adolescent girls' initiation of smoking early (n = 1,047) and their
engagement in other health risk behaviors such as daily use of alcohol (n = 859), daily use of
marijuana (93%), and engaging in unprotected intercourse (15%). Next, logistic regression
was used to predict a risk reduction model that demonstrated the importance of community,
family, and school variables in decreasing the relative risk for the early initiation of tobacco
use. Those sociostructural variables that decrease the relative risk for the initiation of tobacco
use were noted in the following: (1) 71% of the girls who feel that it is important to
contribute to their community (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-
2.23) are less likely to initiate tobacco use and (2) 54% of the girls are more likely to feel that
their community is a good place to live in (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20-1.97), are more than
twice as likely to have parents who think smoking is wrong (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.77-
2.48), are 9% more likely to have parents whom they can talk to when they have personal
problems (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.17), and are 38% more likely to enjoy school.
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6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on
knowledge of tobacco and Health among Adolescents in selected Colleges at
Tumkur District.”
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Assess the knowledge of the Adolescents regarding tobacco and health during
Pre test.
Evaluate the knowledge of the adolescents regarding tobacco and health after
the administration of structured teaching programme.
Determine the knowledge of the mothers of children age 1-12 years regarding
typhoid fever after the post-test .
Compare the pre and post-test knowledge scores of the adolescents.
Associate the knowledge of the adolescents regarding tobacco and health with
selected demographic variables .
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6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Assess: It is refer that the organized systematic and continuous process of collecting
data from the mothers.
Effectiveness: It refers to optimum knowledge acquired by the mother regarding
typhoid fever after structured teaching programme.
Structured teaching programme:It refers to a well planned instruction module
through lecture cum discussion methods on selected aspects of typhoid fever such
as cause, pre-disposing factors, signs & symptoms, treatment, complication and
prevention.
Tobacco: The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being
dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways.
Health: Health is a state of well being mentally, physically, socially and spiritually
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Knowledge: It is refer that mother’s verbal response regarding typhoid fever related
to cause, pre-disposing factor signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment,
complication and prevention.
Adolescents: Period of life from puberty to adulthood (roughly ages 12 – 20)
characterized by marked physiological changes, development of sexual feelings,
efforts toward the construction of identity, and a progression from concrete to
abstract thought. Adolescence is sometimes viewed as a transitional state, during
which youths begin to separate themselves from their parents but still lack a clearly
defined role in society. It is generally regarded as an emotionally intense and often
stressful period.
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6.6 ASSUMPTION
Adolescents may have some knowledge regarding tobacco and health .
Structured teaching programme will promote the adolescents knowledge on
tobacco and health.
6.7 HYPOTHESIS
H0 - There will not be a significant relationship between knowledge of
Adolescents on pre-test.
H1 - There will be a significant improvement on the knowledge of
adolescents regarding tobacco and health after the structured
teaching programme.
H2 - There will be a significant association on knowledge of adolescents
regarding tobacco and health with selected demographic variables.
7 MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 SOURCES OF DATA
Research approach : Pre-experimental approach.
Research Design : One group pre-test, post test
research design
Setting of the study : Selected colleges at Tumkur.
Sample Technique : Convenient sampling method.
Sample size : 50
Selected Variables
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Independent Variables : Structured teaching programme
Dependent Variables : Knowledge of adolescents regarding
tobacco and health
Population : Adolescents
Sample Criteria
Inclusion criteria : Adolescents age between 1-12
: Adolescents who can understand
Kannada or English.
: Adolescents who are willing to
participate.
: Adolescents who consumes tobacco
Exclusion Criteria : : Adolescents who are not willing
To participate.
: Adolescents who don’t understand Kannada
and English
7.2 Methods of Data collection
A Written permission will be obtained from the administrative authority prior
to the onset of the study. The purpose of the study and the method of data collection
will be explained to the participants and informed consent will be taken. Confidentiality
will be assured to all subjects to get their cooperation. Data will be collected from 50
Adolescents as per the inclusion criteria of the study. A pre-test will be conducted using
a structured questionnaire. Teaching program will be held in one setting. Post-test will
be conducted after structured teaching programme. At the end of the post-test subjects
will be thanked for their cooperation.
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Tool for Data collection : It has 2 parts
Part A - Performa for collecting demographic variables
Part B - Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of adolescents about tobacco and
health
Method of data analysis and Interpretation :
The data Obtained was analyzed by
using both descriptive and inferential
statistics, the plan for data analysis was
divided as follows.
Frequency and percentage
distribution of samples on demo
graphic variables
Chi-square test to determine
the
association between knowledge with
demographic variables in pre-test and
post test.
t-test to determine the effect of
structured teaching programme in pre-
test and post-test.
Co-relation co-efficient on
Knowledge of adolescents about tobacco
Duration of the study : Six weeks.
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7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted
on the patient or other human beings or animal?
Yes, Informed consent will be obtained from the Adolescents.
7.4 Has ethical clearance has been obtained from your institution?
Yes, Permission will be obtained from ethical committee’s report.
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8. BIBLIOGRAPHIC OF REFERENCES
1. www.google.com
2. www.about.com
3. www.answer.com
4. www.pubmed.ac.in
5. www.familyfirstaid.org
6. www.nsma.org.au
7. www. WorldLungFoundation .org
8. The nursing journal of India, October 2007
9. The nursing image, Dec 2007
10. “The text book of Medical and Surgical Nursing,” Brunner and Suddarth, 7th
edition, 2007.
11. “The textbook of Psychiatric Nursing,” Bimla Kapoor, 2nd edition, 2007.
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9. Signature of the Candidate :
10. Remarks of the Guide :
11. Name and Designation of :
11.1 Guide : Mary Thomas
11.2 Signature :
11.3 Co- Guide :
11.4 Signature :
11.5 Head of the Department : Mary Thomas
11.6 Signature :
12.
12.1 Remarks of the Chairman
or Principal :
12.2 Signature :
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