“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH

AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGES AT

TUMKUR DISTRICT”.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

ABHA RANI WILLIAM

MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

ARUNA COLLEGE OF NURSING

RING ROAD, MARALUR

TUMKUR

2009-2010

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

01. Name of the candidate and address : ABHA RANI WILLIAM

1ST Year M.Sc. Nursing

Ring road, Maralur

Tumkur – 572105

02. Name of the Institution : Aruna College of Nursing

Ring road, Maralur

Tumkur – 572105

03. Course of Study and Subject : 1ST Year M.Sc. Nursing

Mental health Nursing

04. Date of Admission : 10-06-2009

05. Title of the Topic : “A Study to assess the effectiveness

of structured teaching programme

on knowledge of tobacco and Health

among Adolescents in selected Colleges at

Tumkur District.”

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6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION

“Smoking kills. If you're killed, you've lost a very important part of

your life” – Arizona

As smokers, we learn early on to put up a mental wall of denial between our smoking habit

and the harsh reality of the damage we're inflicting on ourselves with every cigarette

smoked.

We tell ourselves lies that allow us smoke with some level of comfort. We say we have

time to quit...that cancer doesn't run in our family...that we can quit any time we want

to...that the bad things happen to other people. And because smoking is typically a slow

killer, those lies support the framework of our wall of denial for years and years.

Eventually though, most smokers find that the wall begins to crumble, and bit by bit,

smoking becomes a fearful, anxious activity. This is when most smokers start seriously

thinking about how they might find a way to quit smoking for good.

A crucial step in the recovery process from nicotine addiction involves breaking through

that wall of denial to put smoking in the proper light. We need to learn to see our cigarettes

not as the friend or buddy we can't live without, but as the horrific killers they truly are.

If you're thinking that it's time to quit smoking, or have just quit and need some motivation

to keep going, use the smoking facts below to fuel the fire in your belly that will help you

beat your smoking habit, once and for all.

Most people who smoke first light up a cigarette when they're teenagers. In fact, 80% of

smokers began the habit before they turned 18. Here are a few quick facts about cigarette

smoking, nicotine and tobacco that you may not have heard before. Even if you have,

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they're facts that are worth keeping in mind when your friends and relatives light up a

cigarette.

1. Nearly 70% of people who smoke say they wish they could quit.

2. Teens who smoke cough and wheeze three times more than teens who don't smoke.

3. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, lung disease and strokes.

4. Smokers as young as 18 years old have shown evidence of developing heart disease.

5. More than 70% of young people who smoke said they wish they hadn't started doing

it.

6. Smoking a pack of cigarettes each day costs about $1,500 per year -- enough money

to buy a new computer or Xbox.

7. Studies show that 43% of people who smoke three or fewer cigarettes a day become

addicted to nicotine.

8. More than 434,000 Americans die each year from smoking-related diseases.

9. One-third of all new smokers will eventually die from a smoking-related disease.

10. Nicotine -- one of the main ingredients in cigarettes -- is a poison.

11. Nicotine is as addictive as heroin and cocaine.

12. All tobacco products -- that includes cigarettes, cigars and chewing tobacco -- have

nicotine in them.

13. Smoking makes you feel weaker and more tired because it prevents oxygen from

reaching your heart.

14. Smoking decreases your sense of taste and smell, making you enjoy things like

flowers and ice cream a little bit less.

15. Smoking hurts the people around you: More than 53,000 people die each year from

secondhand smoke.

16. Cigarettes have tons of harmful chemicals in them, including ammonia (found in

toilet cleaner), carbon monoxide (found in car exhaust) and arsenic (found in rat

poison).

17. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your health.

18. Just days after quitting smoking, a person's sense of taste and smell returns to normal.

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19. Ten years after quiting smoking, a person's risk of lung cancer and heart disease

returns to that of a non-smoker.

20. Most teens (about 70%) don't smoke. Plus, if you make it through your teen years

without becoming a smoker, chances are you'll never become a smoker.

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Teen smoking had been on a sharp decline since the mid-late 1990's, but recent data

shows that the adolescent smoking rates are rising slightly.

According to a 2005 study done by the CDC, 23% of high school students reported

smoking cigarettes in the last month. This is compared with a previous study of high school

students that showed 21.9% in 2003. While this data is somewhat discouraging it is far better

than the 1997 level of the same survey at 36.4%. The rise appears to be greatest among white

and Hispanic teens while the rates of teen smoking declined among black teens.

There is no concrete evidence at this time to show why the teen smoking statistics

have declined since 1997, but some believe it is in better awareness efforts. Some also feel

that it is due to a decline in media glamorizing smoking.

The CDC study showed that 80% of smokers begin before the age of 18. A similar

study which was published by the American Lung Association website shows 90% of

smokers begin before the age of 21.

A study that was done by the CDC also found some interesting facts and estimates:

1. About 3,900 teens under 18 start smoking each day.

2. Of the 3,900 teens that start smoking each day - 1500 will become regular smokers.

3. Those who smoke often have secondary behavioral issues such as violence, drug/alcohol

use, and high-risk sexual behavior.

Some of the contributing factors of teenage smoking are:

1. Low socioeconomic status

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2. Use or approval of smoking by siblings/peers

3. Smoking by parents

4. Availability and price of tobacco

5. Lack of parent support / involvement

6. Lower self-image or self-esteem

Consequences of teen smoking:

1. Chronic cough - if smoking is continued

2. Reduced stamina

3. Bad breath

4. Yellow teeth

5. Stinky clothes

6. Expensive habit - 1 pack/day = about $1000/year.

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6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A prospective cohort study of 148,173 men and women aged >/=35 years was

conducted in Mumbai, India. Subjects were recruited during 1991-1997, measured for a

variety of risk factors, including tobacco use and anthropometry, and then followed for

approximately 5-6 years. Results: During 774,129 person-years of follow up, a total of 796

cancer deaths were observed. Tobacco use, especially smoking in men, was associated with

particularly high risk of death in extreme categories of body mass. At highest risk were

underweight smoking males [hazard ratio (HR)=9.45, 5.87, and 5.75 for those smokers who

were extremely thin (<16.0kg/m(2)), very thin (16.0 to <17.0kg/m(2)), or thin (17.0 to

<18.5), respectively]. Significant effects of underweight among never and smokeless tobacco

users disappeared with exclusion of individuals with </=2 years of follow up. Extremely thin

(<16.0kg/m(2)) women smokeless tobacco users had an elevation in risk, HR=2.95, that

actually appeared to increase (to 3.21) with exclusion of individuals who were diagnosed

within 2 years of follow up.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a meeting in September

2005 to review tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation among those with mental

disorders, especially individuals with anxiety disorders, depression, or schizophrenia.

Smoking rates are exceptionally high among these individuals and contribute to the high

rates of medical morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Numerous biological,

psychological, and social factors may explain these high smoking rates, including the lack of

smoking cessation treatment in mental health settings. Historically, "self-medication" and

"individual rights" have been concerns used to rationalize allowing ongoing tobacco use and

limited smoking cessation efforts in many mental health treatment settings. Although

research has shown that tobacco use can reduce or ameliorate certain psychiatric symptoms,

over reliance on the self-medication hypothesis to explain the high rates of tobacco use in

psychiatric populations may result in inadequate attention to other potential explanations for

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this addictive behavior among those with mental disorders. A more complete understanding

of nicotine and tobacco use in psychiatric patients also can lead to new psychiatric treatments

and a better understanding of mental illness. Greater collaboration between mental health

researchers and nicotine and tobacco researchers is needed to better understand and develop

new treatments for cooccurring nicotine dependence and mental illness. Despite an

accumulating literature for some specific psychiatric disorders and tobacco use and cessation,

many unstudied research questions remain and are a focus and an emphasis of this review.

Among adolescents, 12.8% (95% confidence interval, 12.0-13.6) were nicotine

dependent. Associations between nicotine dependence and specific Axis I and II disorders

were all strong and statistically significant (P<.05) in the total population and among men

and women. Nicotine-dependent individuals made up only 12.8% (95% confidence interval,

12.0-13.6) of the population yet consumed 57.5% of all cigarettes smoked. Nicotine-

dependent individuals with a comorbid psychiatric disorder made up 7.1% (95% confidence

interval, 6.6-7.6) of the population yet consumed 34.2% of all cigarettes smoked.

CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine-dependent and psychiatrically ill individuals consume about 70%

of all cigarettes smoked. The results of this study highlight the importance of focusing

smoking cessation efforts on individuals who are nicotine dependent, individuals who have

psychiatric disorders, and individuals who have comorbid nicotine dependence and other

psychiatric disorders. Further, awareness of industry segmentation strategies can improve

smoking cessation efforts of clinicians and other health professionals among all smokers and

especially among the most vulnerable.

Knowledge of the epidemiology of tobacco use and dependence can be used to guide

research initiatives, intervention programs, and policy decisions. Both the reduction in the

prevalence of smoking among US adults and black adolescents and the decline in per capita

consumption are encouraging. These changes have probably been influenced by factors

operating at the individual (e.g., school-based prevention programs and cessation programs)

and environmental (e.g., mass media educational strategies, the presence of smoke-free laws

and policies, and the price of tobacco products) levels (for a discussion of these factors, see,

e.g., refs. 2, 48, 52, 183, and 184). The lack of progress among adolescents, especially whites

and males, and the high risk for experimenters of developing tobacco dependence present

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cause for great concern (48, 183-186). In addition to those discussed above, several areas of

research can be recommended. 1. Better understanding of the clustering of tobacco use with

the use of other drugs, other risk behaviors, and other psychiatric disorders could better

illuminate the causal processes involved, as well as the special features of the interventions

needed to prevent and treat tobacco dependence. 2. To better understand population needs,

trend analyses of prevalence, initiation, and cessation should, whenever possible, incorporate

standardized measures of these other risk factors. Future research should compare the effect

of socioeconomic status variables on measures of smoking behavior among racial/ethnic

groups in the United States. 3. For reasons that may be genetic, environmental, or both, some

persons do not progress beyond initial experimentation with tobacco use (2, 48, 183, 187-

192), but about one-third to one-half of those who experiment with cigarettes become regular

users (48, 193, 194). Factors, both individual and environmental, that can influence the

susceptibility of individuals to tobacco dependence need further attention. 4. To estimate

their sensitivity and specificity, comparisons of the National Household Survey on Drug

Abuse indicators of dependence with DSM-based criteria are needed. Public health action

continues to be warranted to reduce the substantial morbidity and mortality caused by

tobacco use (195). A paradigm for such action has been recommended and involves

preventing the onset of use, treating tobacco dependence, protecting non-smokers from

exposure to secondhand smoke, promoting nonsmoking messages while limiting the effect of

tobacco advertising and promotion on young people, increasing the real (inflation-adjusted)

price of tobacco products, and regulating tobacco products (186).

A total of 1885 persons participated in the survey. Of the surveyed population, 86%

had heard about oral cancer and 32% knew someone with oral cancer. Sixty-two percent of

the subjects correctly identified the causes; this included 77% of the subjects who identifying

smoking, 64% alcohol and 79% pan chewing as a cause of oral cancer. More than 42%

believed that poor oral health could lead to oral cancer and 53% thought that oral cancer is an

incurable disease. Forty percent of males and 14% females had one or more high-risk habits.

It was observed that the awareness was proportional to the education level (p<0.001) and

inversely proportional to the prevalence of risk factor habits (p<0.001). Eighty-two percent of

the smokers, 75% of the tobacco chewers and 66% of those who consumed alcohol were

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aware that their habits could lead to oral cancer. Overall, the awareness of oral cancer in this

high-risk population was satisfactory, though certain gaps exist, pointing to a need for

targeted health education and risk factor cessation counseling.

Certain groups in the United States remain at high risk and suffer disproportionately from

tobacco-related illness and death despite progress made in reducing tobacco use. To address

gaps in research on tobacco-related disparities and develop a comprehensive agenda aimed at

reducing such disparities, representatives from funding agencies, community-based

organizations, and academic institutions convened at the National Conference on Tobacco

and Health Disparities in 2002. Conference participants reviewed the current research,

identified existing gaps, and prioritized scientific recommendations. Panel discussions were

organized to address research areas affecting underserved and understudied populations. We

report major research recommendations made by the conference participants in several

scientific domains. These recommendations will ultimately help guide the field in reducing

and eliminating tobacco-related disparities in the United States.

During this meeting, the participants developed a strategic set of recommendations

for ASPH to continue to advance the study of tobacco control in public health through

research and education/training programs. The meeting focused on sustaining and further

developing tobacco-related research and education/ training programs. All four issues were

addressed in depth through valuable discussion and exchange and reflected in the nine areas

of focus. Recommendations for advocacy for future funding for SPH in tobacco control

included developing collaborative relationships with ASPH partners, organizations, and

institutions with complementary objectives (state departments of health, third party payors,

etc). Priorities for sustaining and further developing research and education/training

programs within SPH included developing a focus on particular research areas (e.g., special

populations, economic issues, dissemination and translational issues), building on existing

knowledge, and attempting to avoid the effects of "siloing" with collaborative relationships

and methods for addressing the sustenance of programs beyond initial funding periods.

Methods to maintain vigilance on tobacco control with increasing concerns about other risk

factors included fostering an increasing awareness of tobacco-related issues, projects, and

programs as well as developing collaborative relationships with organizations and institutions

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with complementary health-risk related objectives. Other recommendations focused on

enhancing SPH leadership in the tobacco control field by developing standards and

methodologies and translating research to practice. They included (1) developing standards

for consistent tobacco control-related education to public health students, public health

professionals, and other students and professionals; (2) developing a standardized method for

evaluating tobacco-attributable factors and effects; and (3) conducting effectiveness trials of

treatments known to be efficacious. Effectively addressing these perennial issues will enable

SPH to enhance its leadership position and contribute greatly to research and

education/training in tobacco control. All of these issues were factors in program planning

for the second National STEP UP Academic Tobacco Workshop. For instance, reviews of

particular research areas might be offered or facilitated as well as methods for developing

collaborative partnerships and subsequent efforts. Steps toward the development of tobacco

control education core competencies might be developed as well. The second National STEP

UP Academic Tobacco Workshop-STEP UP to Sustain Tobacco Control and Prevention

through Education and Research--was held on January 30-31, 2006. The topics of discussion

ranged from use of secondary data to behavioral economics. More information about the

workshop can be found at http://www.asph.org/ document.cfm?page=882. Attention to the

recommendations that resulted from the planning meeting will provide a strategic platform

from which ASPH and the public health community can continue to address the single

greatest cause of preventable disease and death in the world.

Recognizing that the scientific method is as critical to cancer control as it is to basic

laboratory research, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established a well-defined,

systematic strategy for attaining its cancer control goals and objectives. This strategy,

operationalized in the early 1980s as a five-phase process, emphasized cancer control as a

research science rather than a demonstration science. The five phases of NCI's cancer control

research strategy progress from hypothesis development, to methods development, to

controlled intervention trials, to defined population studies, and finally to demonstration and

implementation programs. This research base provides the foundation for nationwide

prevention and health services programs. The application of this five-phase approach to

NCI's efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to tobacco use is described, and

some of the challenges that faced the Institute in this process are identified. These

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experiences provide an important framework for other disciplines faced with the challenge of

translating science into practice.

Tobacco has a long history of use in the U.S., and its serious health effects have been

well-documented during the past half century, U.S. efforts to control tobacco use and

tobacco-related morbidity and mortality have been reasonably successful over the past 25

years, during which time there has been a 34 percent reduction in adult smoking.

Nevertheless, tobacco use remains a significant public health problem in the U.S., with more

than 430,000 tobacco-related deaths per year and over one-fourth of the population

continuing to smoke. Many organizations are involved in tobacco use control activities, the

most broadly focused of which is the National Cancer Institute (NCI). As an example of the

type of program needed to address the problem of tobacco use on a national scale, the NCI's

public health research plan and activities are described and its emphasis on a data-based

decision matrix in its approach to tobacco and cancer control research and applications of

research is discussed. Finally, future approaches to tobacco use control in the U.S. are

suggested.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Four of

every five persons who use tobacco begin before they reach adulthood; more than 3,000

young persons begin smoking each day. In addition, smoking is addictive-three of four

teenagers who smoke have made at least one serious, yet unsuccessful, effort to quit. The

importance of tobacco use cessation programs for youth is addressed in Healthy People 2000:

National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives and in recently passed

legislation related to the Goals 2000 National Education Goals. CDC's Guidelines for School

Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction states that tobacco cessation

programs are needed to help young persons who already use tobacco. In 1994, both the

Surgeon General's Report, Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People, and the Institute

of Medicine's report, Growing Up Tobacco Free, indicated that there were very few effective

cessation programs for youth and that more research is needed in this area. This project

convened experts to provide recommendations on the design of a tobacco cessation

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intervention for youth, including helping pregnant teenagers who smoke to stop. This

program is based on effective adult cessation programs with modifications relevant to

adolescent development. During the first year the major foundational work for this project

was accomplished. A database of key contacts and other related interventions in tobacco

cessation for youth was developed, a review and analysis of prevalence and trends in

adolescent smoking were conducted, and a cooperative agreement with the American

Medical Association was established to complete the design, implementation, and evaluation

of an effective tobacco cessation program for youth. During the second project year, this

program was tested through quasi-experimental research at various school-based health

clinics throughout the country. The third year involved follow-up data collection and

program modification based on the results. Plans for dissemination of the intervention to

youth-serving agencies across the nation will be developed. This is a 3-year project.

Copyright 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.

Recruiting students who were caught smoking at school proved to be highly

successful. Participants rated the programme favourably, and retention rates were high.

Although treated participants improved more in tobacco related knowledge relative to

controls (p = 0.002), there were no group differences in changes in attitudes toward smoking.

In addition, treated and control participants demonstrated no significant differences in

cessation rates both at post-test and follow up. Comparisons between self reported cessation

rates and those obtained under bogus pipeline conditions or with biochemical verification

suggested significant falsification of cessation among participants. Our results failed to

demonstrate any significant effect of the cessation programme on smoking rates for treated

adolescents compared with controls. Our findings also highlight the importance of utilising

strong methodology in research on adolescent smoking cessation, including control groups

and biochemical verification of smoking status.

Previous research has shown that 8% to 10% of nonsmokers initiated smoking during

their first year of military service despite a period of forced abstinence during boot camp. To

our knowledge, no studies have looked at the influence of peers and role models on the

initiation of smoking among U.S. Air Force personnel who recently completed boot camp.

This cross-sectional study examined the role of perceived peer norms, roommate influence,

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role model influence, perceived norms of all active duty personnel, and depressive symptoms

in the initiation and reinitiation of smoking among 2,962 Air Force technical training

students. Previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if they perceived that the

majority of their classmates smoked (OR = 1.67, 95% CI[1.05-2.67]) and if they reported that

their military training leader or classroom instructor used tobacco products (OR = 1.69, 95%

CI[1.12-2.56]). Additionally, previous nonsmokers were more likely to initiate smoking if

their roommate smoked (OR = 1.67, 95% CI[1.09-2.56]). Similar results were seen with

previous smokers who perceived that the majority of their classmates smoked (OR = 1.63,

95% CI[1.03-2.58]) and if they reported that their military training leader or classroom

instructor used tobacco products (OR = 1.95, 95% CI[1.29-2.94]). Our study suggests that

military role models who use tobacco, peer smoking behavior, and perceived smoking norms

increase the likelihood of smoking initiation among newly enlisted military personnel who

have recently undergone a period of forced abstinence.

The first level of analysis confirmed previously reported evidence that there is a

correlation between adolescent girls' initiation of smoking early (n = 1,047) and their

engagement in other health risk behaviors such as daily use of alcohol (n = 859), daily use of

marijuana (93%), and engaging in unprotected intercourse (15%). Next, logistic regression

was used to predict a risk reduction model that demonstrated the importance of community,

family, and school variables in decreasing the relative risk for the early initiation of tobacco

use. Those sociostructural variables that decrease the relative risk for the initiation of tobacco

use were noted in the following: (1) 71% of the girls who feel that it is important to

contribute to their community (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-

2.23) are less likely to initiate tobacco use and (2) 54% of the girls are more likely to feel that

their community is a good place to live in (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.20-1.97), are more than

twice as likely to have parents who think smoking is wrong (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.77-

2.48), are 9% more likely to have parents whom they can talk to when they have personal

problems (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.17), and are 38% more likely to enjoy school.

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6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on

knowledge of tobacco and Health among Adolescents in selected Colleges at

Tumkur District.”

6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Assess the knowledge of the Adolescents regarding tobacco and health during

Pre test.

Evaluate the knowledge of the adolescents regarding tobacco and health after

the administration of structured teaching programme.

Determine the knowledge of the mothers of children age 1-12 years regarding

typhoid fever after the post-test .

Compare the pre and post-test knowledge scores of the adolescents.

Associate the knowledge of the adolescents regarding tobacco and health with

selected demographic variables .

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6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Assess: It is refer that the organized systematic and continuous process of collecting

data from the mothers.

Effectiveness: It refers to optimum knowledge acquired by the mother regarding

typhoid fever after structured teaching programme.

Structured teaching programme:It refers to a well planned instruction module

through lecture cum discussion methods on selected aspects of typhoid fever such

as cause, pre-disposing factors, signs & symptoms, treatment, complication and

prevention.

Tobacco: The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being

dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways.

Health: Health is a state of well being mentally, physically, socially and spiritually

and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Knowledge: It is refer that mother’s verbal response regarding typhoid fever related

to cause, pre-disposing factor signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment,

complication and prevention.

Adolescents: Period of life from puberty to adulthood (roughly ages 12 – 20)

characterized by marked physiological changes, development of sexual feelings,

efforts toward the construction of identity, and a progression from concrete to

abstract thought. Adolescence is sometimes viewed as a transitional state, during

which youths begin to separate themselves from their parents but still lack a clearly

defined role in society. It is generally regarded as an emotionally intense and often

stressful period.

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6.6 ASSUMPTION

Adolescents may have some knowledge regarding tobacco and health .

Structured teaching programme will promote the adolescents knowledge on

tobacco and health.

6.7 HYPOTHESIS

H0 - There will not be a significant relationship between knowledge of

Adolescents on pre-test.

H1 - There will be a significant improvement on the knowledge of

adolescents regarding tobacco and health after the structured

teaching programme.

H2 - There will be a significant association on knowledge of adolescents

regarding tobacco and health with selected demographic variables.

7 MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCES OF DATA

Research approach : Pre-experimental approach.

Research Design : One group pre-test, post test

research design

Setting of the study : Selected colleges at Tumkur.

Sample Technique : Convenient sampling method.

Sample size : 50

Selected Variables

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Independent Variables : Structured teaching programme

Dependent Variables : Knowledge of adolescents regarding

tobacco and health

Population : Adolescents

Sample Criteria

Inclusion criteria : Adolescents age between 1-12

: Adolescents who can understand

Kannada or English.

: Adolescents who are willing to

participate.

: Adolescents who consumes tobacco

Exclusion Criteria : : Adolescents who are not willing

To participate.

: Adolescents who don’t understand Kannada

and English

7.2 Methods of Data collection

A Written permission will be obtained from the administrative authority prior

to the onset of the study. The purpose of the study and the method of data collection

will be explained to the participants and informed consent will be taken. Confidentiality

will be assured to all subjects to get their cooperation. Data will be collected from 50

Adolescents as per the inclusion criteria of the study. A pre-test will be conducted using

a structured questionnaire. Teaching program will be held in one setting. Post-test will

be conducted after structured teaching programme. At the end of the post-test subjects

will be thanked for their cooperation.

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Tool for Data collection : It has 2 parts

Part A - Performa for collecting demographic variables

Part B - Structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of adolescents about tobacco and

health

Method of data analysis and Interpretation :

The data Obtained was analyzed by

using both descriptive and inferential

statistics, the plan for data analysis was

divided as follows.

Frequency and percentage

distribution of samples on demo

graphic variables

Chi-square test to determine

the

association between knowledge with

demographic variables in pre-test and

post test.

t-test to determine the effect of

structured teaching programme in pre-

test and post-test.

Co-relation co-efficient on

Knowledge of adolescents about tobacco

Duration of the study : Six weeks.

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7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted

on the patient or other human beings or animal?

Yes, Informed consent will be obtained from the Adolescents.

7.4 Has ethical clearance has been obtained from your institution?

Yes, Permission will be obtained from ethical committee’s report.

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8. BIBLIOGRAPHIC OF REFERENCES

1. www.google.com

2. www.about.com

3. www.answer.com

4. www.pubmed.ac.in

5. www.familyfirstaid.org

6. www.nsma.org.au

7. www. WorldLungFoundation .org

8. The nursing journal of India, October 2007

9. The nursing image, Dec 2007

10. “The text book of Medical and Surgical Nursing,” Brunner and Suddarth, 7th

edition, 2007.

11. “The textbook of Psychiatric Nursing,” Bimla Kapoor, 2nd edition, 2007.

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9. Signature of the Candidate :

10. Remarks of the Guide :

11. Name and Designation of :

11.1 Guide : Mary Thomas

11.2 Signature :

11.3 Co- Guide :

11.4 Signature :

11.5 Head of the Department : Mary Thomas

11.6 Signature :

12.

12.1 Remarks of the Chairman

or Principal :

12.2 Signature :

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