“A Global Conflict”Chapter 29 - Section 3

World War I was much more than a European conflict Australia and Japan, for example, entered the war on the Allies’ side, while India supplied troops to fight alongside their British rulers. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks and later Bulgaria allied themselves with Germany and the Central Powers. As the war promised to be a grim, drawn-out affair, all the Great Powers looked for other allies around the globe to tip the balance. They also sought new war fronts on which to achieve victory.

Introduction

War Affects the World

The Gallipoli Campaign Allies move to capture

Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915.

Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central Powers ally.

Also want to open a supply line through region to Russia.

Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Battles in Africa and Asia Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and Africa. Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in

war effort

War Affects the World

Sikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

America Joins the Fight Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies

to Britain. Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and ship

near Britain are sunk without warning. Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania angers the United States

War Affects the World

RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage arriving in New York in September 1907. Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917 in hopes to starve Britain quickly.

Renewal of policy angers the United States. Zimmermann Telegram—effort to enlist Mexico in war

against the United States—angers the United States. The United States declares war against Germany in April

1917 joining the Allies.

War Affects the World

The Zimmerman Note

Governments Wage Total War World War I becomes a “total war”—nations devote all

resources to war. Governments take control of the economy to produce war

goods. Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-

related goods. Propaganda—one sided information to build morale and

support for the war.

War Affects the Home Front

Australian PosterAustralian Poster

American PosterAmerican Poster

Financing the WarFinancing the War

German PosterGerman Poster

Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!

Women and the War At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by

men. Many women also experience the war by working as

nurses.

War Affects the Home Front

Financing the WarFinancing the War

For Recruitme

nt

Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers

Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields

A Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance Driver

Red Cross

Nurses

Women in the Army

Auxiliary

Russian Women SoldiersRussian Women Soldiers

SpiesSpies

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

Double-Agent?

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

Double-Agent?

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

Russia Withdraws Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down from throne

in 1917. Communists soon take control of Russia’s government. Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls

out of war.

The Allies Win the War

The Central Powers Collapse With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to

Western Front Engage in major fighting; Allies force Germans to retreat. Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed

November 1918.

The Allies Win the War

11 a.m., November 11, 191811 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

A High Price War takes heavy toll; 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million

wounded War devastates European economies, drains national

treasuries. Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed. Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in

the arts.

The Legacy of the War

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917