“A Global Conflict”
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Transcript of “A Global Conflict”
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“A Global Conflict”Chapter 29 - Section 3
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World War I was much more than a European conflict Australia and Japan, for example, entered the war on the Allies’ side, while India supplied troops to fight alongside their British rulers. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Turks and later Bulgaria allied themselves with Germany and the Central Powers. As the war promised to be a grim, drawn-out affair, all the Great Powers looked for other allies around the globe to tip the balance. They also sought new war fronts on which to achieve victory.
Introduction
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War Affects the World
The Gallipoli Campaign Allies move to capture
Ottoman Dardanelles strait in February 1915.
Hope to defeat the Ottoman Empire, a Central Powers ally.
Also want to open a supply line through region to Russia.
Effort ends in costly Allied defeat.
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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
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Battles in Africa and Asia Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and Africa. Britain and France use their colonial subjects to help in
war effort
War Affects the World
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Sikh British Soldiers in IndiaSikh British Soldiers in India
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
British Sikh Mountain Gunners
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
Black Soldiers in the German
Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]
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Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
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America Joins the Fight Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop supplies
to Britain. Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare, and ship
near Britain are sunk without warning. Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking of the Lusitania angers the United States
War Affects the World
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RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage arriving in New York in September 1907. Upon its sinking by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died when the ship went down.
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The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sinking of the Lusitania
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Germany renews unrestricted policy in 1917 in hopes to starve Britain quickly.
Renewal of policy angers the United States. Zimmermann Telegram—effort to enlist Mexico in war
against the United States—angers the United States. The United States declares war against Germany in April
1917 joining the Allies.
War Affects the World
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The Zimmerman Note
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Governments Wage Total War World War I becomes a “total war”—nations devote all
resources to war. Governments take control of the economy to produce war
goods. Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of war-
related goods. Propaganda—one sided information to build morale and
support for the war.
War Affects the Home Front
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Australian PosterAustralian Poster
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American PosterAmerican Poster
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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German PosterGerman Poster
Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!
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Women and the War At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously held by
men. Many women also experience the war by working as
nurses.
War Affects the Home Front
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Financing the WarFinancing the War
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For Recruitme
nt
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Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers
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French Women Factory Workers
French Women Factory Workers
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German Women Factory Workers German Women Factory Workers
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Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields
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A Woman Ambulance DriverA Woman Ambulance Driver
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Red Cross
Nurses
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Women in the Army
Auxiliary
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Russian Women SoldiersRussian Women Soldiers
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SpiesSpies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
Double-Agent?
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
Double-Agent?
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1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died
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Russia Withdraws Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down from throne
in 1917. Communists soon take control of Russia’s government. Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls
out of war.
The Allies Win the War
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The Central Powers Collapse With Russia gone, Germany moves most forces to
Western Front Engage in major fighting; Allies force Germans to retreat. Allies win war; armistice—end of fighting—signed
November 1918.
The Allies Win the War
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11 a.m., November 11, 191811 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
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A High Price War takes heavy toll; 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million
wounded War devastates European economies, drains national
treasuries. Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed. Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected in
the arts.
The Legacy of the War
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“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918
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“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917
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“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914
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“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918
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“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917