A FIRST LOOK AT COMMUNICATION

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)(M.Ed)

The linear model of communication

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

The interactive model of communication

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

The transactional model of communication

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

Perception

Perception is an active process of creating meaning by SELECTING, ORGANIZING,

and INTERPRETING people, objects, events, situations, and activities.

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

SelectionSelectionQualities in the phenomena

Self-indication

Change or variation

Our motives, needs, and expectations

OrganizationOrganizationOrganizationOrganizationCognitive schemata

InterpretationInterpretationAttributions

SELECTION

Selection

☺Some qualities of external phenomena draw attention

�They are larger, more intense, or more unusual

☺Self-indication

�We tell/remind/prompt/warn ourselves to be alert

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

�We tell/remind/prompt/warn ourselves to be alert

☺Change compels attention.

�New hairstyle, new visuals, tone

☺Our motives and needs affect what we see and don’t see.

�The oasis phenomenon

ORGANIZATION

Organization

Prototype Personal

Construct

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

Stereotype Script

Prototype

☺Knowledge structures that define the best or most representative example of some category

�Who would you identify as the person who is the ideal friend? teacher? romantic partner?

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

the ideal friend? teacher? romantic partner?

Personal construct

☺Mental yardsticks that allow us to position people and situations along bipolardimensions of judgment

� physical construct (attractive – not attractive)

�mental construct (intelligent or not)

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

�mental construct (intelligent or not)

�psychological constructs (responsible or not)

�interpersonal construct (available – not available)

Stereotype

☺Predictive generalizations about people and situations

�Japanese men are….

�Women usually don’t…

�Scotts are those who…

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

�Scotts are those who…

�Black men can’t …

�Gays and lesbians are…

�Blonde-haired girls generally …

Script

☺Guides to action based on what we’ve experienced and observed

�You have a script for greeting casual acquaintances (“Hey, how ya doing?” “Fine, See ya around.”)

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

INTERPRETATION

Interpretation

☺The subjective process of explaining perceptions to assign meaning to them

ATTRIBUTION

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

ATTRIBUTION

SELF-SERVING BIAS

Attributions

� Explanations of why things happen and why people act as they do

Dimensions of interpersonal attributions

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

Dimensions of interpersonal attributions

Influences on perception

• Physiological factors (tiredness, stress, sickness)

• Culture

• Social roles

Facilitator: Ms. Vu Viet Hang (M.Ed)

• Social roles

• Expectations

• Cognitive abilities