A Century of A Century of ExpansionExpansion

“ “The Realization of AmericaThe Realization of America’’s Destiny”: 1763-s Destiny”: 1763-18671867

Before IndependenceBefore Independence

Britain wins the French Britain wins the French & Indian War& Indian War

Colonial expansion Colonial expansion restricted by the restricted by the Proclamation Line of 1763

Gains of the Gains of the Revolutionary Revolutionary

WarWar Treaty of Paris - 1

783 Living space from Living space from

Appalachians west Appalachians west to the Mississippi to the Mississippi RiverRiver

Eases population Eases population pressure on the pressure on the Atlantic seaboardAtlantic seaboard

Northwest Ordinance (1787)Northwest Ordinance (1787) The following three principal provisions were ordained in

the document: (1) a division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than

three nor more than five States"; (2) a three-stage method for admitting a new state to the

Union—with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly and one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted and membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000;

(3) a bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery.

Implication of Northwest Implication of Northwest OrdinanceOrdinance

What happens after the Louisiana What happens after the Louisiana Purchase when the number of Purchase when the number of possible states will increase?possible states will increase?

How will the interests of the slave How will the interests of the slave holding and non-slave holding states holding and non-slave holding states be balanced?be balanced?

What rights to the Native Americans What rights to the Native Americans hold under this ordinance?hold under this ordinance?

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

Napoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!Napoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans.In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans. Sec. of State Madison got all 900,000 acres for $15 million.

The Louisiana The Louisiana PurchasePurchase

Was the purchase legal?

What did we just buy? Lewis and Clark Expedition – The Corp of Discovery (Stephen Ambrose – Undaunted Courage)

Lewis & Clark / Corp of Lewis & Clark / Corp of DiscoveryDiscovery

Lewis & Clark expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean

Which nations Which nations might be might be concerned by concerned by U.S. U.S. expansion/encrexpansion/encroachment?oachment?

Unfinished Unfinished Business in Business in

FloridaFlorida Spain - weakened and Spain - weakened and

distracted by revolutiondistracted by revolution Seminole Indians rise Seminole Indians rise

up against settlersup against settlers

General Andrew Jackson invades in 1818 and defeats the Seminole Natives

Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-Onis) 1819

Missouri Compromise - 1820Missouri Compromise - 1820

Need arises because of the slavery issueNeed arises because of the slavery issue

Missouri Compromise - 1820Missouri Compromise - 1820

Missouri Missouri added as added as a slave a slave statestate

Will new latitude boundary be enforced?

Issue of slavery Issue of slavery temporarily solvedtemporarily solved

Maine Maine added as added as a free a free statestate

DonDon’’t Mess with Texas:t Mess with Texas:Independence & the Mexican-American Independence & the Mexican-American

WarWar Mexico gains Mexico gains

freedom from freedom from Spain - 1821Spain - 1821

Stephen F. Austin Stephen F. Austin founds the colony founds the colony of Texas – 1822of Texas – 1822

Texas War for Texas War for Independence Independence 1835-6 1835-6

DonDon’’t Mess with Texas:t Mess with Texas:Independence & the Mexican-American Independence & the Mexican-American

WarWar

-Annexation of -Annexation of Texas: 1845Texas: 1845

-President James K. Polk defends U.S. actions & interests

-Mexican--Mexican-American War: American War: 1846-81846-8

-The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

(1848) The land that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo brought into the United States became, between 1850 and 1912, all or part of ten states: California (1850),Nevada (1864), Utah (1896), and Arizona (1912),  Texas (1845) that then included partsKansas (1861), Colorado (1876), Wyoming (1890), Oklahoma (1907), and New Mexico (1912). 

Gadsden Gadsden Purchase: Purchase:

18531853 30,000 sq. 30,000 sq.

miles for miles for $10 million$10 million

Done primarily Done primarily for mining & for mining & railroad railroad interestsinterests

American American interest interest grows after grows after Lewis & Lewis & Clark Clark expeditionexpedition

2,000 mile 2,000 mile journey on journey on the Oregon the Oregon Trail to get Trail to get therethere

Oregon Country: Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest TerritoriesClaiming the Northwest Territories

American American settlers want settlers want land as far north land as far north as possibleas possible

54-4054-40’’ or Fight or Fight argument led by argument led by James PolkJames Polk

Agreement with Agreement with Britain reached Britain reached at 49at 49thth Parallel Parallel

Oregon Country: Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest TerritoriesClaiming the Northwest Territories

Alaska: 1867Alaska: 1867 SewardSeward’’s Folly? s Folly?

1. How would the closing of the frontier affect America?

2. What is the significance of the frontier on American history?

Closing of the American Closing of the American FrontierFrontier

Quirky History:The “LOST STATES”