Post on 06-Apr-2018
8/3/2019 A Brief Description of Solar System
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A brief histroy of Solar System
The Solar System consists of the Sun and the astronomical objects
gravitationally bound in orbit around it, all of which formed from the collapse
of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billion years ago. Of the many
objects that orbit the Sun, most of the mass is contained within eight
relatively solitary planetswhose orbits are almost circular and lie within a
nearly flat disc called the ecliptic plane.
The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called
the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four
outer planets, the gas giants, are substantially more massive than the
terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of
hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are
composed largely of ices, such as water, ammonia and methane, and are
often referred to separately as ice giants.
Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the
Solar System. It is almost perfectly
spherical and consists of hot plasma
interwoven with magnetic fields. The
Sun is a G-type main sequence star
comprising about 99.8632% of the total
mass of the Solar System. It is a near-
perfect sphere, with an oblateness
estimated at about 9 millionths, which
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_solar_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_the_ecliptichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gianthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-type_main_sequence_starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblatenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblatenesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-type_main_sequence_starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_gianthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_%28planet%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_the_ecliptichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_solar_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun8/3/2019 A Brief Description of Solar System
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means that its polar diameter differs from its equatorial diameter by only
10 km.
Astronomers think that the Sun (and the planets) formed from the solar
nebula about 4.59 billion years ago. The Sun is in the main sequence stage
right now, slowly using up its hydrogen fuel. But at some point, in about 5
billion years from now, the Sun will enter the red giant phase, where it
swells up to consume the inner planets including Earth (probably). It will
slough off its outer layers and then shrink back down to a relatively tiny
white dwarf.
mean diameter 1.392 x 106 km
equatorial radius 6.955 x 108
m
volume 1.412 x 1018 km3
mass 1.9891 x 1030 kg
equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s2
escape velocity 617.7 km/s
equatorial rotational velocity 1997 m/s
mean distance from Galatic Center 2.5 x 1017 km
orbital velocity of solar system 251 km/s
Mercury
aphelion 6.9817 x 1010 m
perihelion 4.6 x 1010 m
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mean radius 2.4397 x 106 m
volume 6.083 x 1010 km3
mass 3.3022 x 1023 kg
equatorial surface gravity 3.7 m/s2
escape velocity 4250 m/s
orbital velocity 4.787 x 104 m/s
rotational velocity 3.026 m/s
Venus
aphelion 1.0894 x 1011
m
perihelion 1.0747 x 1011 m
mean radius 6.0518 x 106 m
volume 9.38 x 1011 km3
mass 4.8685 x 1024 kg
equatorial surface gravity 8.87 m/s2
escape velocity 1.046 x 104 m/s
orbital velocity 3.502 x 104
m/s
rotational velocity 1.81 m/s
Earth
aphelion 1.5209 x 1011 m
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perihelion 1.4709 x 1011 m
equatorial radius 6.3781 x 106 m
polar radius 6.3568 x106 m
mean radius 6.371 x 106 m
volume 1.0832 x 1012 km3
mass 5.9736 x 1024 kg
equatorial surface gravity 9.78 m/s2
escape velocity 1.1186 x 104 m/s
orbital velocity 2.978 x 104
m/s
rotational velocity 465.1 m/s
Mars
aphelion 2.4921 x 1011 m
perihelion 1.0667 x 1011 m
equatorial radius 3.3962 x106
m
polar radius 3.3763 x 106 m
mean radius 3.3862 x 106
m
volume 1.6318 x 1011 km3
mass 6.4185 x 1023 kg
equatorial surface gravity 3.711 m/s2
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escape velocity 5027 m/s
orbital velocity 2.4077 x 104 m/s
rotational velocity 241.17 m/s
Jupiter
aphelion 8.1652 x 1011 m
perihelion 7.4057 x 1011 m
equatorial radius 7.1492 x 107 m
polar radius 6.6854 x 107 m
mean radius 6.9911 x107
m
volume 1.4313 x 1015 km3
mass 1.8986 x 1027 kg
equatorial surface gravity 24.79 m/s2
escape velocity 5.95 x 104 m/s
orbital velocity 1.307 x 104
m/s
rotational velocity 1.26 x 104 m/s
Saturn
aphelion 1.5133 x 1012 m
perihelion 1.3535 x 1012 m
equatorial radius 6.0268 x 107 m
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polar radius 5.4364 x 107 m
mean radius 5.7316 x 107 m
volume 8.2713 x 1014 km3
mass 5.6846 x 1026 kg
equatorial surface gravity 10.44 m/s2
escape velocity 3.55 x104 m/s
orbital velocity 9690 m/s
rotational velocity 9870 m/s
Uranus
aphelion 3.0044 x 1012 m
perihelion 2.7489 x 1012 m
equatorial radius 2.5559 x 107 m
polar radius 2.4973 x 107 m
mean radius 2.5266 x 107
m
volume 6.833 x 1013 km3
mass 8.681 x 1025
kg
equatorial surface gravity 8.69 m/s2
escape velocity 2.13 x104 m/s
orbital velocity 6810 m/s
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rotational velocity 2590 m/s
Neptune
aphelion 4.5539 x 1012 m
perihelion 4.4529 x 1012 m
equatorial radius 2.4764 x 107 m
polar radius 2.4341 x 107 m
mean radius 2.4553 x107 m
volume 6.254 x1013 km3
mass 1.0243 x1026
kg
equatorial surface gravity 11.15 m/s2
escape velocity 2.35 x104 m/s
orbital velocity 5430 m/s
rotational velocity 2680 m/s
Moon
apogee 4.0541 x 108 m
perigee 3.6257 x 108
m
equatorial radius 1.7381 x 106 m
polar radius 1.7359 x 106 m
mean radius 1.737 x 106 m
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volume 2.1958 x 1010 km3
mass 7.3477 x 1022 kg
equatorial surface gravity 1.622 m/s2
escape velocity 2380 m/s
orbital velocity 1022 m/s
rotational velocity 4.627 m/s