Transcript of 9.11 The Meninges Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater - no blood vessels, in between layer...
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- 9.11 The Meninges Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater
- no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web) Pia
mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish
cells
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- Figure 13.25a CSF - cerebrospinal fluid See video of a
http://youtu.be/yYZxNsnf18Yhttp://youtu.be/yYZxNsnf18Y
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- Dura mater is being peeled away in this photo.
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- Subdural Hematoma
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- Natgeo Brain Surgery Video Natgeo Brain Surgery Video - removal
of tumor CNN Video Showing cognitive tasks during brain surgery as
a tumor is removed.
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- Spinal Cord passes down the vertebral canal, has 31 segments
(each with a pair of spinal nerves) Cervical enlargement = supplies
nerves to upper limbs (neck) Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves
to the lower limbs (lower back) FUNCTION: conducting nerve
impulses, serves as a center for spinal reflexes
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- ASCENDING - impulses travel to the brain (sensory) DESCENDING -
impulses travel to the muscles (motor)
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- Spinal reflexes - reflex arcs pass through the spinal cord
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- MENTAL HOSPITAL PHONE MENU Hello and thank you for calling The
State Mental Hospital. Please select from the following options
menu: If you are obsessive-compulsive, press 1 repeatedly. If you
are co-dependent, please ask someone to press 2 for you. If you
have multiple personalities, press 3, 4, 5 and 6. If you are
paranoid, we know who you are and what you want, stay on the line
so we can trace your call. If you are delusional, press 7 and your
call will be forwarded to the Mother Ship. If you are
schizophrenic, listen carefully and a little voice will tell You
which number to press. If you are manic-depressive, hang up. It
doesn't matter which number you press, nothing! will make you happy
anyway. If you are dyslexic, press 9-6-9-6. If you are bipolar,
please leave a message after the beep or before the beep or after
the beep. But Please wait for the beep. If you have short-term
memory loss, press 9. If you have short-term memory loss, press 9.
If you have short-term memory loss, press 9. If you have low
self-esteem, please hang up. Our operators are too busy to talk
with you. If you are menopausal, put the gun down, hang up, turn on
the fan, lie down and cry. You won't be crazy forever.
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- THE BRAIN ANATOMICAL REGIONS o Cerebrum o Cerebellum o Brain
Stem
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- CEREBELLUM Balance and coordination
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- CEREBRUM - wrinkly large part of the brain, largest area in
humans, higher mental function
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- Brain Stem - regulates visceral functions (autonomic
system)
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- Figure 13.4
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- 1. Cerebral Hemispheres - left and right side separated by
the.... 2. Corpus Callosum - connects the two hemispheres
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- The Cerebral Hemispheres Figure 13.7b, c
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- Take the Left Brain Right Brain Test
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- Corpus callosum
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- 3. Convolutions of the Brain - the wrinkles and grooves of the
cerebrum Fissures = deep groove Sulcus = shallow groove Gyrus =
bump
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- 4. Fissures separate lobes Longitudinal fissure - separate
right and left sides
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- Transverse Fissure - separates cerebrum from cerebellum
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- Lateral Fissure separates the temporal lobe from the Frontal
and Parietal lobes
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- Lobes of the Brain (general functions) 5. Frontal reasoning,
thinking, language 6. Parietal touch, pain, relation of body parts
(somatosensory) 7. Temporal Lobe hearing 8. Occipital vision
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- Figure 13.7a LOBES OF THE BRAIN (CEREBRUM) Sulcus = groove
Gyrus = raised bump Fissure = deep groove
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- 9. Cerebral Cortex - thin layer of gray matter that is the
outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)
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- Functional and Structural Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Figure
13.11a
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- Fluid filled cavities, contain CSF 10.VENTRICLES OF THE
BRAIN
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- 11. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - fluid that protects and
supports brain Figure 13.27b
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- FUNCTIONAL REGIONS A. MOTOR AREAS B. SENSORY AREAS C.
ASSOCIATION
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- 12. Motor Areas - controls voluntary movements - the right side
of the brain generally controls the left side of the body -also has
Broca's Area (speech)
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- 13. Sensory Area - involved in feelings and sensations (visual,
auditory, smell, touch, taste)
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- 14. Association Areas - higher levels of thinking, interpreting
and analyzing information
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- Figure 13.4 BRAIN STEM
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- Consists of three parts: MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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- 2. Hypothalamus - hormones, heart rate, blood pressure, body
temp, hunger 3. Thalamus - relay station 1. Diencephalon has 2
parts.....
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- 4. Optic Tract / Chiasma - optic nerves cross over each
other
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- 5. Midbrain visual reflexes, eye movements 6. Pons - relay
sensory information 7. Medulla heart, respiration, blood pressure
Cerebellum - balance, coordination
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- Pituitary Gland The "master gland" of the endocrine system. It
controls hormones.
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- Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal gland
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- Midbrain Medulla Oblongata Pons
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- 9. HIPPOCAMPUS Memory is controlled by the HIPPOCAMPUS (sea
horse; thats its shape). The hippocampus plays a major role in
memories.
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- 10. The LIMBIC SYSTEM The LIMBIC SYSTEM plays a role in EMOTION
also includes olfactory lobes - memory, emotion, and smell are
linked. Crayolas are created today with the same scent because it
reminds people of their happy times in childhood. Why is the brain
formed so that smell and emotions are tied together? Because
pheromones are tied to emotions and behavior, so they need the
link.
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- MEMORY We used to classify memory as being long-term or
short-term. The new classification is four memory systems that
process information for storage and retrieval: Types of Memory:
Short vs Long Term
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- How important are your memories? If you were involved in a
traumatic event, such as a rape or a terrorist attack, would you
take a pill that would make it so that you did not remember the
event? http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/
05/27/drug-metyrapone-to-erase- bad-memories/26532.html
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- Involved in remembering personal experiences, such as a phone
conversation you had yesterday or the movie you watched last week.
Challenge: Do you remember the first Harry Potter movie? What was
the story? How many details do you remember? Episodic Memory
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- Semantic Memory Manages the storage and retrieval of general
knowledge of facts, such as the number of days in a year or the
colors in a rainbow. Naming objects is also semantic memory.
Semantic Memory Tasks 1. What do you call this thing? 2. Where do
Kangaroos live?3. What actor played Bella in Twilight?
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- Procedural Memory Allows us to learn activities and skills that
will then be performed automatically with little or no conscious
thought. Examples are riding a bicycle or driving a car. Challenge:
1. Can you make a teacup with a length of string? 2. Do you know
how to use a can opener?
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- Working Memory provides temporary storage and manipulation of
the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as
language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. Working Memory
TestMemory GameAnother Memory Game
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- Memory - Sometimes it's good to forget things.. why?
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=memory-
brain-tour-videohttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=memory-
brain-tour-video Video on memory and where memories are stored and
retrieved.
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- Check out these brain images!brain images