Post on 03-Jun-2018
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Global Organizational Behavior
MHR 3200Dr. Larry InksDepartment of Management and Human ResourcesFisher College of BusinessThe Ohio State University
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Societal Culture and Organizational Behavior
Ethnocentrism and Models of Cultural Diversity
- Hofstede
- GLOBE
Other Cultural Differences
Human Capital Management Issues
Global Leadership
Interacting with People from Other Cultures
Thoughts on Global Careers, Travel, etc.
Overview
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Culture Influences Organizational Behavior
Organizational
Behavior
Organizational
Culture
Personal
values/ethics
Attitudes
Assumptions
Expectations
Societal
culture
Customs
Language
Economic/technological
setting
Political/
legal setting
Ethnic
background Religion
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EthnocentrismBelief that ones native country, culture, language and behaviorare superior to that of others.
Very natural; similar to me effect
Often due to lack of knowledge or experience
Negatively impacts individual and organizational success
Greater awareness, training, exposure helps immensely(e.g., personal and/or professional travel)
Ethnocentrism and Global Diversity
Recognizing differences vs. assumed superiority in culture
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Cultures (and people) can be characterized using four basicdimensions related to cultural beliefs:
- Power Distance: comfort w/ distance in power
- IndividualismCollectivism
- MasculinityFemininity (aka AssertivenessNurturing)
- Uncertainty Avoidance
- Short-term vs. Long-term Orientation
Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions
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Power Distance: Extent to which power is distributed equally or not
Uncertainty Avoidance: Extent of comfort with uncertainty/ambiguity
Institutional Collectivism: Extent of reward for individual vs. group focus
In-Group Collectivism: Extent of individuals pride/loyalty for the larger group
Gender Egalitarianism: Extent of gender discrimination/role inequality
Assertiveness: Extent of confrontation/attempt to control in relationships
Future Orientation: Extent of focus on the future vs. the present
Performance Orientation: Extent to which performance is rewarded
Humane Orientation: Extent to which kindness, generosity, etc. rewarded
The 9 GLOBE Cultural Dimensions
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Country Rankings on GLOBE Dimensions
Greece, Hungary,GermanyformerEast, Argentina, Italy
Sweden, Korea, Japan,Singapore, Denmark
SocietalCollectivism
Russia, Hungary,Bolivia, Greece,Venezuela
Switzerland, Sweden,Germanformer West,Denmark, Australia
UncertaintyAvoidance
Denmark,Netherlands, Israel,Costa Rica
Morocco, Argentina,Thailand, Spain, Russia
Power DistanceLowestHighestDimensions
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Sweden, NewZealand, Switzerland,Japan, Kuwait
Germany
former East,Austria, Greece, US,Spain
Assertiveness
South Korea, Egypt,Morocco, India, China
Hungary, Poland,Slovenia, Denmark,Sweden
GenderEgalitarianism
Denmark, Sweden,New Zealand,Netherlands, Finland
Iran, India, Morocco,China, Egypt
In-GroupCollectivism
LowestHighestDimensions
Country Rankings on GLOBE Dimensions
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GermanyformerWest, Spain, France,Singapore, Brazil
Philippines, Ireland,Malaysia, Egypt,Indonesia
HumaneOrientation
Russia, Argentina,Greece, Venezuela,Italy
Singapore, Hong Kong,New Zealand, Taiwan,US
PerformanceOrientation
Russia, Argentina,Poland, Italy, Kuwait
Singapore, Switzerland,Netherlands, CanadaEnglish speaking,Denmark
Future Orientation
LowestHighestDimensions
Country Rankings on GLOBE Dimensions
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Communication: High Context vs. Low Context
Time Orientation (Polychronic vs. Monochronic)
Social Customs, Norms, Taboos, etc.
Use of Space (personal space, work space, etc.)
Religion
Other Notable Cultural Differences
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High-Context CulturesSituational and non-verbal cues carry tremendous meaning
- China
- Japan
- Korea
- Mexico
- Saudi Arabia
Low-Context Cultures
Meaning based primarily on verbal and written communication
- United States
- Canada- Many European Countries (including Germany, France)
- Netherlands, Norway, Sweden
High-Context vs. Low-Context Cultures
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Balancing cultural issues
Selection and staffing issues
Developing cross-cultural awareness and skills
Performance management
Compensation and total rewards
Team dynamics and technology
etc.
Global Human Capital Management Issues
The use of expatriates offers both benefits and challenges
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Individuals spouse/significant other cannot adapt to the new situation
The individual cannot adapt to the new surroundings
Family problems (children, relatives, etc.)
Emotional immaturity (inability to deal with others, etc.)
Inability to handle the new role and responsibilities
Lack of necessary technical skills/knowledge
Lack of motivation/willingness to learn new things
Reasons Why U.S. Expatriates Fail
Selection, preparation, training are critical to success here
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Global Leadership Attributes
Encouraging
Team Builder
Excellence OrientedPlans Ahead
Self-Effacing
Loner/Self-CenteredDependable Provocateur
DictatorialIntelligent Sensitive
RuthlessDecisive Cunning
EgocentricMotivational
Intragroup Conflict
Avoider
Irritable
SubduedUncooperativeTrustworthy
Like/Dislike Contingent
on Country Culture
Leader Attributes
Universally Disliked
Leader Attributes
universally Liked
Dynamic
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Know and understand your own culture and values- Know your own level of ethnocentrism and deal with it
Learn about the other culture(s)- Look for strengths in the other culture(s) rather than
focusing on weaknesses or differences
Respect the other culture(s) and keep in mind the strengthof bringing together diverse viewpoints and perspectives
Use management techniques/behaviors that are appropriate
and respect the differences in culture(s) and people
Interacting with People from Other Cultures
Diversity is an enormous benefit when its handled correctly
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Become fluent in one or more foreign languages, and travel.
Let your interests in a global assignment be known, but
Recognize that it might take time to be given a global assignment(if ever)it is a significant cost/commitment.
Learn about international opportunities in your company (manycompanies moving away from use of ex-patriates).
Clearly demonstrate critical skills for a global assignment(adaptability, interpersonal skills, results orientation, etc.).
Build a network of supporters/sponsors within the company.
Interested in A Global Assignment or Career?
Your family (if applicable) need to be fully supportive of this
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Learn about your destination(s), the culture, etc. before you travel- Learn the Dos and Donts, any taboos, etc.
If not fluent in the language, try to learn/use at least a little bit of it
Prepare yourself for big differences in little/basic things
Use all your senses
Appreciate the differences (history, customs, architecture, etc.)
Treat others with respect
Get out and immerse yourself in the environment/culture but
Be smart and be safe
Suggestions For International Travel
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What Questions Do You Have?