8 Global Organizational Behavior (for Carmen)

8/12/2019 8 Global Organizational Behavior (for Carmen)

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Global Organizational Behavior

MHR 3200Dr. Larry InksDepartment of Management and Human ResourcesFisher College of BusinessThe Ohio State University


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Societal Culture and Organizational Behavior

Ethnocentrism and Models of Cultural Diversity

- Hofstede

- GLOBE

Other Cultural Differences

Human Capital Management Issues

Global Leadership

Interacting with People from Other Cultures

Thoughts on Global Careers, Travel, etc.

Overview


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Culture Influences Organizational Behavior

Organizational

Behavior

Organizational

Culture

Personal

values/ethics

Attitudes

Assumptions

Expectations

Societal

culture

Customs

Language

Economic/technological

setting

Political/

legal setting

Ethnic

background Religion


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EthnocentrismBelief that ones native country, culture, language and behaviorare superior to that of others.

Very natural; similar to me effect

Often due to lack of knowledge or experience

Negatively impacts individual and organizational success

Greater awareness, training, exposure helps immensely(e.g., personal and/or professional travel)

Ethnocentrism and Global Diversity

Recognizing differences vs. assumed superiority in culture


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Cultures (and people) can be characterized using four basicdimensions related to cultural beliefs:

- Power Distance: comfort w/ distance in power

- IndividualismCollectivism

- MasculinityFemininity (aka AssertivenessNurturing)

- Uncertainty Avoidance

- Short-term vs. Long-term Orientation

Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions


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Power Distance: Extent to which power is distributed equally or not

Uncertainty Avoidance: Extent of comfort with uncertainty/ambiguity

Institutional Collectivism: Extent of reward for individual vs. group focus

In-Group Collectivism: Extent of individuals pride/loyalty for the larger group

Gender Egalitarianism: Extent of gender discrimination/role inequality

Assertiveness: Extent of confrontation/attempt to control in relationships

Future Orientation: Extent of focus on the future vs. the present

Performance Orientation: Extent to which performance is rewarded

Humane Orientation: Extent to which kindness, generosity, etc. rewarded

The 9 GLOBE Cultural Dimensions


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Country Rankings on GLOBE Dimensions

Greece, Hungary,GermanyformerEast, Argentina, Italy

Sweden, Korea, Japan,Singapore, Denmark

SocietalCollectivism

Russia, Hungary,Bolivia, Greece,Venezuela

Switzerland, Sweden,Germanformer West,Denmark, Australia

UncertaintyAvoidance

Denmark,Netherlands, Israel,Costa Rica

Morocco, Argentina,Thailand, Spain, Russia

Power DistanceLowestHighestDimensions


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Sweden, NewZealand, Switzerland,Japan, Kuwait

Germany

former East,Austria, Greece, US,Spain

Assertiveness

South Korea, Egypt,Morocco, India, China

Hungary, Poland,Slovenia, Denmark,Sweden

GenderEgalitarianism

Denmark, Sweden,New Zealand,Netherlands, Finland

Iran, India, Morocco,China, Egypt

In-GroupCollectivism

LowestHighestDimensions



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GermanyformerWest, Spain, France,Singapore, Brazil

Philippines, Ireland,Malaysia, Egypt,Indonesia

HumaneOrientation

Russia, Argentina,Greece, Venezuela,Italy

Singapore, Hong Kong,New Zealand, Taiwan,US

PerformanceOrientation

Russia, Argentina,Poland, Italy, Kuwait

Singapore, Switzerland,Netherlands, CanadaEnglish speaking,Denmark

Future Orientation

LowestHighestDimensions



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Communication: High Context vs. Low Context

Time Orientation (Polychronic vs. Monochronic)

Social Customs, Norms, Taboos, etc.

Use of Space (personal space, work space, etc.)

Religion

Other Notable Cultural Differences


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High-Context CulturesSituational and non-verbal cues carry tremendous meaning

- China

- Japan

- Korea

- Mexico

- Saudi Arabia

Low-Context Cultures

Meaning based primarily on verbal and written communication

- United States

- Canada- Many European Countries (including Germany, France)

- Netherlands, Norway, Sweden

High-Context vs. Low-Context Cultures


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Balancing cultural issues

Selection and staffing issues

Developing cross-cultural awareness and skills

Performance management

Compensation and total rewards

Team dynamics and technology

etc.

Global Human Capital Management Issues

The use of expatriates offers both benefits and challenges


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Individuals spouse/significant other cannot adapt to the new situation

The individual cannot adapt to the new surroundings

Family problems (children, relatives, etc.)

Emotional immaturity (inability to deal with others, etc.)

Inability to handle the new role and responsibilities

Lack of necessary technical skills/knowledge

Lack of motivation/willingness to learn new things

Reasons Why U.S. Expatriates Fail

Selection, preparation, training are critical to success here


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Global Leadership Attributes

Encouraging

Team Builder

Excellence OrientedPlans Ahead

Self-Effacing

Loner/Self-CenteredDependable Provocateur

DictatorialIntelligent Sensitive

RuthlessDecisive Cunning

EgocentricMotivational

Intragroup Conflict

Avoider

Irritable

SubduedUncooperativeTrustworthy

Like/Dislike Contingent

on Country Culture

Leader Attributes

Universally Disliked

Leader Attributes

universally Liked

Dynamic


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Know and understand your own culture and values- Know your own level of ethnocentrism and deal with it

Learn about the other culture(s)- Look for strengths in the other culture(s) rather than

focusing on weaknesses or differences

Respect the other culture(s) and keep in mind the strengthof bringing together diverse viewpoints and perspectives

Use management techniques/behaviors that are appropriate

and respect the differences in culture(s) and people

Interacting with People from Other Cultures

Diversity is an enormous benefit when its handled correctly


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Become fluent in one or more foreign languages, and travel.

Let your interests in a global assignment be known, but

Recognize that it might take time to be given a global assignment(if ever)it is a significant cost/commitment.

Learn about international opportunities in your company (manycompanies moving away from use of ex-patriates).

Clearly demonstrate critical skills for a global assignment(adaptability, interpersonal skills, results orientation, etc.).

Build a network of supporters/sponsors within the company.

Interested in A Global Assignment or Career?

Your family (if applicable) need to be fully supportive of this


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Learn about your destination(s), the culture, etc. before you travel- Learn the Dos and Donts, any taboos, etc.

If not fluent in the language, try to learn/use at least a little bit of it

Prepare yourself for big differences in little/basic things

Use all your senses

Appreciate the differences (history, customs, architecture, etc.)

Treat others with respect

Get out and immerse yourself in the environment/culture but

Be smart and be safe

Suggestions For International Travel


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What Questions Do You Have?

8 Global Organizational Behavior (for Carmen)

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