Post on 06-Apr-2018
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Childhood and
AdolescenceDevelopment
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What is the
importance ofthis issue??
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. Emotional
Functioning. Social Functioning
.Intellectual
Functioning
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The 1st Year of Life :
2 Factors involved
1.Child behavioral
style.
2. Parental
response.
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Many
approaches
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Psycho analytic
approaches
1st yr = oral
stage
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Erikson approach :
1st Yr of life :
Basic trust vs. Basicmistrust+
Emotional factors
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Healthy psychological outcomedepends on child experiencing
the world us1.Reliable2. Trustworthy
3.Nutruting.
Determine thecapacity forsatisfying intimate
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Motor Functions:
1st : Lack ofcoordination .
2nd: Crawling .3rd : Standing with
support .4th : Standing alone .
5th : Beginning of
walking .
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Social behavior:
- Nonselective smile (3wks)- Selective smile (2-3 months)
- By 6 months :the child begin to distinguishbetween familiar and
unfamiliar people.- By 8 months :. stranger anxiety.- By 9 months :
. Separation anxiety(Bonding)
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Physical proximity
(attachment behavior)Cuddling .
Cleaning .Sleeping .
Breastfeeding .
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Features of attachment
behaviorCrying : causes .
Calling .Stranger anxiety .
Separation anxiety .
Habituation ( otherfamily members)
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Intellectual DevelopmentDepend on
1st : Current Sensory input .2nd: Motor activities .
A. The child begin to discover that
objects exist apart from themselves(when the child perceive these
objects thenB. The child experience that objects
continue to exist (Even when thechild doesnt perceive them)C. Learn simple cause effect
relationship .D. Gaining an understanding of spatial
Th 2 d
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The 2nd year :the year of exploration &Communication .
Psychoanalyst : anal stage .Erikson view : (Autonomy vs. Shameand Doubt)
i.e. :The child should develop :
1. Sense of self control2. Feeling of pleasant self confidence .
1&2 = In contrast with feeling of Shame &
Doubt .( ways of parental disapproval )
v Child eitherRelease or inhibit himself ( learning
theory )
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Separation anxiety
v
Return to motheronly when necessary
or frighten .
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Temper tantrumse.g. :
. Screaming ..Kicking
.Waving armsabout .
It is normal &transient.
How to deal withit ?
Speech more refined Bettercommunication between child &parents .
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Preschool period (age 2-5yrs)
1. Further development ofintellectual functioning specially
language .2. Advance in socialization .
3.Development of sexual identity .4.Identification with the parent .5.Beginning of the formation of
conscience .6.The establishment of psychological
defenses.7.The development of a pattern of
behavior towards people outside the
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Eriksons view :
(Initiative vs. Guilt)healthy outcome:child emerge as
1. confidant in his abilities(Productive)
2. control over his impulses(Destructive)
vThe child become aware of hisidentity
P h l ti
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Psychoanalyticview :
oedipal complex (boys)
Electra complex (Girls) Development of conscience
how : By :-1. Identification with parents .
2. Stable relationship with parents.v What could be the problem in
institutions?
the start of development ofpsychological defense mechanisms .
i.e. Instincts vs. limitationse.g. Repression .Rationalization .
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- Fantasy :To fulfill desire or wishes .
- Transitional object .( attachment to an object)
- Transitional phenomena :e.g. -stories .
-songs.-particular movements .-rituals.
ing socialization -
By 5 yrs = Group making of 31. the child .2. the parents .
- Rivalry :
normal at this age .
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- Learning of social skills :thr .
. Nursery school
. Play group
. Kindergartens
Gentle introduction to the outside
world .- Temper tantrums :
.Continue to occur this period (2-5yrs)
.Disappear at beginning of school .- Attachment behavior :
. Start to decline by end of 3rd yr .
What is normal vs. abnormal
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Middle childhood :( 5-10 yrs)
Start by clear conception of
1. position in family
group .
2. well defined identity
as a boy or a girl .
5 1 yrs s a stage o :
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5-1 yrs s a stage o :Industry vs.
InferiorityLearning skills Recognitionsatisfaction chance to relate
to other vs.
Feeling of interiority when childdespair of their skills & capacity or
their status among peers
(( self esteem
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-The development of
Moral values .
what is right & what is
wrong is further
elaborated
S f
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Sources ofLearning
Child become more ableto
A. Be independent .B. Solve problem .C. Write & read .
Family .Peers .Teachers
.
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7 yrs : Begining of
abstract thinking .
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Blw 5 10 yrs
The development of the
concept of cooperation withothers .
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Adolescence :
Girl : menstruation . ( 11-13 yrs
)Boy : seminal emission . ( 13
17 yrs )
But the Range is
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Identity vs. Roleconfusion
-Who I am ?-What am I able to do ?
(objectives ? )
-Am I able to get this known toothers ?
Vs.Failing to know
-who I am ?-What are my objectives .
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8 developmentaltasks
1. Cared for to caring .2. Learn to work .
3. Learn to be self-supportive .4.
Accepting & able to getmarried .5. Making his own family .
6. The development further
cooperative relationship .7. Trusting parents & sharing their
values .
8. More aware of laws &