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MIT 634602 MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Communication
Week 3: How We Communicate
MIT 634602
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Intercultural communication
• What aspects of your dominantculture do you value most? What aresome of the commonly heldperceptions and misperceptionsabout your culture, and why havethese arisen?
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Intercultural communication
• Identify other cultures
• Consider the class in which you are studying.Identify culturally different groups based onethnicity and/or other characteristics, such asgender, age, religion, education or occupation.
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Intercultural communication
• Identify other cultures
• Consider the differences and how they could bemanaged to facilitate cross-culturalunderstanding
• culture-neutral approach• extra effort – what could you do:
• learn another language (which one?)• study another culture (which one?)
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Categories of communication
• personal - intimate• informal - friendly• business - professional• formal - structured
• public – mass audience• academic - scientific
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Communication – The
Audience• What are their information needs?
• What is their knowledge level about thetopic
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Communication – The
Channel• Various media – television, radio, letter,
telephone, meeting
• Media to suit the message and theaudience
• Context for the message – environment, status, time
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Communication – Method
• verbal – conversation, interview, groupmeeting
• written – formal, report• written – informal, note• non-verbal – gesture, mannerism
(unconscious ?)
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Non – verbal communication
• Body movement/ kinesic behaviour• physical characteristics
• touching behaviour• vocal qualities/ paralanguage• use of space/ proximity• Dress/ artefacts (props)
• Environment• Silence
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Listening
• active listening– help speaker, feedback
• affective listening– focus on speaker, eye contact, posture,
body movement
• encouraging listening– invite speaker to emote, encouraging
words, allow speaker rests, open questions
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Graphical communication
• diagrams – flexible, relationships,structure
• photographs – immediate, rich• illustrations – flexible, comprehensive• drawings – technical detail, simplify• maps – location, direction, distance• architect drawings – structure, multi-
view• anatomical models – cut away• musical scores – symbol, richness
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Business communicationcreate a specific effect
on particular readers
who want specific information ,
have particular characteristics and
will read under particularcircumstances .
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– is accurate– is complete appropriately detailed)
– is written for the intended audience andpurpose
– has good reference aids abstract, table ofcontents, index, cross-referencing)
Good Communication
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Ordering communications
Organise communication in ways expectedby readers :
chronological ordermost important to least importantorder of needorder of difficultyquestion / answer ordercompare / contrast
alphabetical order
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principles of documentorganisation ctd.
• Chunking - the rule of seven• Consistency – style, voice, emotion• Integrated graphics – appropriate, support text
– points in a text can be emphasised– can increase reader's interest– can replace, clarify or simplify the text
• Accessible detail - access routes to different levels ofdetail– overall/general– specific– fine detail
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Specify thedocument
Draft and editthe document
Review thedocument
Publish thedocument
Maintain thedocument
Not OK
OK
The Documentation
Process
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Effective documentation
check list• Objective clearly stated• Target audience identified
• Consistent approach used (wording, structure,layout) - templates help• The principles of documentation organisation
and development have been followed
• Maintenance process in place• Put yourself in the users’ position - can youeasily find what you’re looking for?
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Reference
• Dwyer, Judith (1993) The BusinessCommunication Handbook.
Australia: Prentice Hall.Chapter 14