D O M E S T I C E N F O R C E M E N T O F I N T E R N AT I O N A L L A W

B R I T T N E E L A U , L A W 5 2 0 I , I N T E R N A T I O N A L H U M A N R I G H T S C L I N I C

T W O T Y P E S O F G O V E R N M E N T S

• Monist & Dualist . . . .& then there is the United States

M O N I S T L E G A L S Y S T E M S

• International law integrates seamlessly

D U A L I S T

• Operates Seperately

• It may be persuasive, but less persuasive than monist countries

• Many times dualist countries enact laws that “copy” international law expectations.

E N F O R C E M E N T I N T H E H O M E

C O U N T R Y

M E H … .

D E P E N D S . T H E R E A R E E X A M P L E S O F W H E N T H E I C C , I C J , O R T R E AT Y B O D I E S ’ R E C O M M E N D AT I O N S H AV E B E E N I M P L E M E N T E D …

B U T, T H O S E E X A M P L E S A R E E X C E P T I O N S . . .

L A R G E LY, D O M E S T I C E N F O R C E M E N T O F

I N T E R N AT I O N A L L A W I S V E R Y W E A K

E X A M P L E S :

F O R M E R Y U G O S L AV I A

• Those who were punished for serious war crimes were

given very light sentences.

• The ICC issues a sentence and hands it over to the domestic court to enforce. Many times perpetrators are release early.

F O R S TAT E S PA R T I E S

• If you ratified a treaty, you cannot make domestic law that would obstruct the spirit and purpose of that treaty.

H O R I Z O N TA L I N T E R P E N E T R AT I O N

W H O H A S J D X ?

I M M U N I T Y

N A T I O N A L F O R U M SH O M E S TA T E R E M E D Y

U N I V E R S A L J U R I S D I C T I O N D E F :

• A state has the jurisdiction to Define and Punish certain offenses recognized by the community of nations as of universal concern, such as, privacy, slave trade, attacks on or hijacking of aircraft, genocide, war crimse, and perhaps certain acts of terrorism. (1123)

H O M E S TAT E R E M E D I E S

• You have the right , as a home state, to protect your state and your citizens

• Mostly Civil Litigation

• U.S.

U . S . E N F O R C E M E N T

• Alien Tort Statute (ATS)

• Tortured Victims Protection Act (TVPA)

• Tort Claims Act (TCA)

• Sosa v. Alvarez

E U R O P E

• Many european countries claim jurisdiction over anyone who injures one of its citizens.

I M M U N I T Y

• Not Absolute

• Shift in thinking that diplomats can be exempt from ANYTHING under ANY circumstance.

Questions?