Post on 06-Apr-2018
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UNDER THE MAIN THEME OF MOBILE COMPUTING
PRESENTED BY u.
V.CHIDVILASH
07G61A0513C.S.E
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First Generation Cellular Communication (1G)
Second Generation Cellular Communication (2G)
Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G)
fourth Generation Cellular Communication (4G)
́A technology that allows transmission of data, via a computer,
without having to be connected to a fixed physical link«µ
EVALUATION AND INTRODUCTION
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4G WIRELESS STANDARD
WiMAX: There are two mainapplications of WiMAX
Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 -
2004): Fixed WiMAX
applications are point-
to-multipoint enabling
the delivery of last mile
wireless broadbandaccess as an alternative
to cable and DSL for
homes and businesses.
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4G WIRELESS STANDARD
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX
offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true
broadband speeds
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IP V 6 SUPPORT
IPv6 support large number of wireless enabled devices.
By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes
the need for NAT (Network Address Translation).
IPv6 support large number of wireless enabled devices.
IPv6:-- 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)
example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home
address
care-of
address
mobile IP
address
local network
address
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H AP
S
Services
Content
GSM
UMT
S
WLA
N
Bluetooth
Satellite
Wireline or
Wireless
Networks
(Internet)
Very wide
area Wide area
Metropolitan
areaLocal area
Personal
area
Direct Sequence
Frequency
Hopping
WCDMA
TD-
CDMA
TDMA
FDD
OFDM
TDDOFDM
Unspecifie
d
ADSL
THE 4G MOBILE NETWORK (S)
Home Add.
Mobile IP Add.
Care-of Add.
Care-of Add.
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CHALLENGES OF 4G
First Challenge: Accessing Different
Networks:
1. Multimode devices
Advantages:
y Improve call completion
y Expand coverage area
Reliable coverage in case
of network, link or switch
failure
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2. Overlay network: In this
architecture, a user accesses an
overlay network consisting of
several universal access points.UAPs Functions:
y Select a wireless network
based on availability and user
choices
y Store IPs of user, network anddevices
Advantages:
y Simplify hardware of device
y Supports single billing
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Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
In order to provide wireless services at any time and
anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G infrastructure.
There are two main issues in terminal mobility:
1. Location Management: The system tracks and locates a
mobile terminal for possible connection. Location managementinvolves handing all the information about
y Roaming terminals such as original and current location cells
y Authentication information
y QoS capabilities.
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2.Handoff Management
Horizontal
handoff is performedwhen the terminal
moves from one cell to
another within the
same wireless system.
Vertical handoff is
performed when the
terminal moves between
two different wireless
systems (e.g., from
WLAN to GSM) .
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4G MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
1. Open Wireless Architecture (OWA):A single system architecture
characterized by a horizontal communication model providing common
platform to complement different access technologies in an optimum way for
different service requirements and radio environments is called the
converged broadband wireless platform or open wireless architecture
(OWA).
The open wireless platform requires:
Area and power-efficient broadband signal processing for wideband
wireless applications
Highest industry channel density (MOPS pooling) in flexible new
BTS signal processing architectures
BTS solutions scalable to higher clock rates and higher network
capacity
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MIMO(MULTIPLE-INPUT-MULTIPLE-
OUTPUT)Increasing demand for high
performance 4G broadband
wireless mobile calls for use of
multiple antennas at both base
station and subscriber ends.
Advantages: Spatial diversity and
coding gains for large link budget
gains (>10 dB).
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2.SPECTRUM-EFFICIENT HIGH-SPEED
WIRELESS MOBILE TRANSMISSION
The spectral efficiency of a radio system the quantity of billable services
that can be delivered in a unit of spectrum directly impacts network
economics and service quality. Spectrally efficient systems have the
following characteristics:
Reduced spectrum requirements, minimizing up-front capital expenses
related to spectrum
Reduced infrastructure requirements, minimizing capital and operating
costs associated with base station sites, translating into reduced costs per
subscriber and per covered population element
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4G FEATURES
H
igh usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology. 4G networks areall-IP based heterogeneous networks that allow users to use any system at any
time and anywhere.
Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.
Personalization, integrated services
Entirely packet switched networks.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidth, tight network security.
Coping with the expected growth in Internet
Opening new spectrum frontiers
4G networks expected to support real-time multimedia services that are highly
time-sensitive .
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CONCLUSION
Low cost high speed data will drive forward the fourth
generation (4G) as short-range communication emerges. Service and
application ubiquity, with a high degree of personalization and
synchronization between various user appliances, will be another driver. It
is probable that the radio access network will evolve from a centralized
architecture to a distributed one. 4G is likely to enable the download of full
length songs or music pieces which may change the market response
dramatically.