Post on 19-Feb-2017
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Сarboxylic acids.
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CH3COOH - ethanoic or aceticC2H5COOH - propanoic or propionic acidC3H7COOH - butanoic or butyric acidC4H9COOH - pentanoic or valeric acidC5H11COOH - hexanoic or caproic acidC6H13COOH - heptanoic acid
- methanoic or formic
Fatty acids.C15H31COOH - palmitic acidC16H33COOH - margaric acidC17H35COOH - stearic acid
Monocarboxylic acids.
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Dicarboxylic acids.
HOOC-COOH oxalic acidHOOC-CH2-COOH malonic acidHOOC-(CH2)2-COOH succinic acidHOOC-(CH2)3-COOH glutaric acidHOOC-(CH2)4-COOH adipic acidCiS-HOOC-CH=CH-COOH maleic acidTrans HOOC-CH=CH-COOH fumaric acid
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Phtalic acid
Isophtalic acid
Terephtalic acid
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Carboxylic acids structure.
Associated, because of hydrogen bonds.Formic acid dimer
Acylate anion
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CH3COOH < HCOOH < ClCH2-COOH < Cl2CH-COOH AcidityChemical Propertires.1. As an acid.
CH3 COOH + Zn (CH3COO)2Zn + H22
+ NaOH CH3COONa + H2OCH3COOH
+ Na2CO3 CH3COONa + H2CO3CH3COOH2 2CO2
H2O
CH3 COOH + CuO (CH3COO)2Cu + H2O
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2. Nucleophylic Substitution Reactions (SN)
• Esteriphication Reactions
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CH3 CO
O H H O C2H5
CH3 CO
O C2H5 H O H++
H2SO4
R C
O
OH R C
O
X
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• Anhydrates
a)
b)
CH3 CO
OH+ PCl5 CH3 C
O
Cl+ POCl3 + ClH
CH3 CO
O H
CH3 CO
OCH3 C
O
+ H2O
CH3 CO
O H
P2O5
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Phtalyc acid Anhydrate
c)
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Decarboxilation
CH3COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
t
CH3 CO
NH2
CH3 CO
OH
NH3CH3 C
O
O NH4+
t
-H2O•
Amides Formation•
3.
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4. Radical’s Reactions. SR : CH3-COOH + 3Cl2 Cl3C-COOH + 3HCl
CH2=CH-COOH + HBr → CH2Br-CH2-COOHAE :
hν
SE
CH2 COOHCH3
Cl2, P-HCl
CH COOHCH3
Cl
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7. Oxidation
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8. Amide formation
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