Post on 11-May-2015
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SEMINAR ON
3G CELLULAR TELEPHONY
Presented by—
Mayank Tiwari Satish Chandra Rabha Ranjan PhukanB.Tech 6th Sem B.Tech 6th Sem B.Tech 6th SemRoll No-15 Roll No-04 Roll No-02
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR
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ContentsIntroduction to cellular telephony.Introduction to 3G technology.History of 3G cellular telephony.Evolution of 3G telephony.Technologies.Applications.Advantages.Problems with 3G.Next to 3G.Present and future perspective.Summary.
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Introduction Cellular telephony derives its
name from the partition of a geographic area into small cells.
Each cell is covered by A local radio transmitter and A receiver.
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Cellular Network StructureMSC is the component of a GSM system
that carries out call switching and mobility management functions for mobile phones roaming on the network of base stations.
It is owned and deployed by mobile phone operators and allows mobile devices to communicate with each other and telephones in the wider Public Switched Telephone Network or (PSTN).
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Structure of Cellular Network
MSC-Mobile Switching Center.
MSCMSC
Public (Wired)TelephoneNetwork
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Cellular Telephony-Cellular telephony encompasses
the use of cellular phones to place voice calls, exchange short messages, transmit data, browse the web, and issue multimedia calls.
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Difference with Landline TelephonyMobile subscriber can talk while
on move without any disruption.The nearest base station will
provide the service to him.Handoff may take place between
base stations.
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Introduction to 3G Technology
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication.
Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment.
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Introduction to 3G Technology3G allows simultaneous use of
speech and data services and higher data rates (at least 200 kbit/s peak bit rate to fulfill to IMT-2000 specification).
Today's 3G systems can offer practice of up to 14.0 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink.
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History of 3G Cellular TelephonyFirst pre-commercial 3G network was
launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology.
First commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001.
First commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology.
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History of 3G Cellular TelephonyIn December 2007, 190 3G networks
were operating in 40 countries.In 2008, India launched 3G service.It was launched by Mahanagar
Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)in Delhi and Mumbai.
BSNL is providing 3G license and has been operating its services in 380 cities by the end of March 2010.
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Evolution of 3G Cellular Telephony-
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1G cellular systemsFirst commercial cellular network
was Nordic Mobile Telephone(NMT) network(1981).
Advanced Mobile Phone Service(AMPS) developed in United States(1983).
These were analog cellular systems.
It is referred to as first generation or 1G.
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2G Cellular Systems• Digital systems were invented due to
Increase in cellular subscribers.Increase in the need for increased network
capacity.
• The European initiated Global System for mobile communication (GSM).
• United States initiated Code Division Multiple Access.(CDMA).
• These digital systems form the second generation cellular system or 2G.
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2.5 G cellular Systems2G has the following
disadvantages:Single voice channel.Only one wireless bearer slot of a GSM
carrier band is allocated.Transfer rate is limited to 9.6 kbps.Subscriber is charged for voice calls on a
connection-time basis.
An improvement was made by using multiple bearer slots for the same call.
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2.5 G cellular SystemsFor better data services, General
packet Radio Service(GPRS) was developed.
It can inter-work with external packet data networks such as Internet.
Faster data transfer rate near about 115 kbps was achieved.
It forms the 2.5G cellular systems.
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3G Cellular SystemsEvolution towards third generation
was driven by the need of:Higher capacity.Faster data rates.Better quality of service.
Also it was required to resolve many incompatibilities, such as
Mobile roaming between different systems.
These problems were also resolved by 3G.
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1G(Analog)
NMT
AMPS
TACS
3G(Wideband)
IMT-2000
2G(Digital)
GSM900/1800/1900
CDMA IS-95
TDMA IS-136
PDC
Evolution of Mobile Communications
Evolution of Mobile Communications
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Technologies3G Technologies:
WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrier
UMTS – TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
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UMTS-FDD / WCDMAWideband Direct Sequence Code
Division Multiple Access.Does not assign a specific
frequency to each user. Instead every channel uses the
full available spectrum. Individual conversations are
encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence.
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CDMA2000CDMA2000 1x system offers higher
bit rates compared to CDMAOne (approximately 144 kbps).
CDMA20001x-EvDO (evolution data optimized) allocates separate 1.25 MHz wireless carrier for data.
CDMA20001x-EvDV(evolution data and voice) recombines data and voice into single wireless carrier, for real time data exchange.
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UMTS – TDDUniversal Mobile
Telecommunications System(UMTS) - time-division duplexing(TDD).
It is a 3GPP standardized version of UMTS networks.
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TD-SCDMATime Division Synchronous Code
Division Multiple Access.Time division duplex (TDD)Good match for asymmetrical traffic.Single spectral band (1.6 MHz)
possibleCosts relatively low
Handset smaller and may cost lessPower consumption lowerTDD has the highest spectrum efficiency
Power amplifiers must be very linearRelatively hard to meet specifications.
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3G CapabilitiesVoice quality comparable to the public switched
telephone network.144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles.384 Kbps- moving slowly over small areas.Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useSymmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission
rates.Support for both packet switched and circuit
switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time video.
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ApplicationsMobile TV – a provider redirects a
TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
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ApplicationsTele-medicine – a medical
provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.
Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.
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AdvantagesIt provides
faster connectivity, faster internet access, and music entertainment with improved
quality.
3G Mobile phone can be used as a modem for computer and can mail the important documents.
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AdvantagesImproved digital voice communications. Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rateGreater subscriber capacity.Fast packet-based data services like e-
mail, short message service (SMS), and Internet access at broadband speeds.
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AdvantagesMost carriers also expect consumers
to want : location services interactive gaming streaming video home monitoring and control
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Problems with 3GNo killer application for wireless data as
yet.Vendor-driven.The original goal of 3G is to provide a
worldwide standard, but along the way, money got the better of common sense.
Basex released a report saying companies need to prepare their plan for the 3G wireless world as soon as they can. The report believes there are many problems facing mobile telecom industry on 3G standard, how to adopt it.
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3G VisionUniversal global roamingMultimedia (voice, data & video)Increased data rates
384 kbps while moving2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations
Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)
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What next after 3G?
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRS/EDGE(2.5G)
• The future path has fractured into a number of possibilities• Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G &WLAN
3G &WLAN &Brdcst
3G+ &WLAN
3G &WLAN &Ad-hoc
3G+ &WLAN &Ad-hoc
4G &WLAN
4G &WLAN &Brdcst
4G &WLAN &Ad-hoc
2.5G &WLAN
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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives
India is the fastest growing and the second largest telecom market in the world.
3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.
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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives
WiMAX is a telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access.
The technology provides up to 72 Mbit/s symmetric broadband speed without the need for cables.
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3G Technology: Present & Future Perspectives
This makes WiMAX a technology of choice as a backhaul for 3G, especially in a country like India where villages are far flung and isolated.
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Summary
3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the preferred technology solution
The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial players:
CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1xEV-DOUMTS/WCDMA
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SummaryWCDMA is one of them, which
provides:- Larger Bandwidth – Higher Data rate –
Lower costGreater subscriber capacityIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers
3G standard4G still in a formative stage .Frequency bands less than 5 GHz
preferred for wide-area, mobile services
4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz
Lower cost per bit than 3G
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Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Gwww.3g-generation.comwww.3gtoday.com
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Thank You