Post on 20-Jul-2015
25 vocab words Definitions included
By: Tyler Winningham
Electron microscope
• A type of microscope that uses beams of electrons to illuminate objects
virions
• Viral particles that have some similarities to cells in that they contain genetic material and structural proteins.
Prokaryotic cells
• A type of cell that contains generic material that is not confined to a nucleus: the smallest of all cells and generally considered to be neither plant nor animal
Nucleoid region
• The region around the nucleus of a cell
DNA
• A genetic protein like nucleic acid on plant and animal genes and chromosomes that control inheritance
Eukaryotic cells
• A type of cell that contains genetic material within the confines of a membrane-enclosed nucleus; all plants and animals are made up of eukaryotic cells.
Cell membrane
• Structure composed of proteins and lipids and that contains the cytoplasm and nucleus.
diffusion
• A process by which molecules in solution pass through the cell membrane from a region of a higher concentration of molecules to a region of lower concentration of molecules.
osmosis
• A process by which water passes through the cell membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration; if the cell has relatively little water inside, water is drawn from outside into the cell membrane.
homeostasis
• The ability of an organism’s cell to remain stable when conditions around it are changing.
Cell wall
• A structure, found only in plant cells, composed of cellulose and proving some support for the entire plant.
mitochondria
• A peanut-shaped mitochondria that functions to break down food nutrients and supply the cell with energy
Vacuoles
• Organelles that serve as a storage compartment for the cell
microtubules
• Organelles that are small, thin hollow tubes, composed of protein, that give the cells their shape and assist the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
microfilaments
• A device that are fine fiber-like structures composed of protein and help the cell move by waving back and forth
ribosomes
• Organelles of very tiny structures that are the sites where protein molecules are assembled in the cell.
Endomembrane system
• The cell membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus membrane, and the vesicles.
Endoplasmic reticulum
• A large webbing or network of double membranes that are positioned throughout the cell whose function is to provide the means for transporting material throughout the cell
lumen
• An inner space within a cell where ions, such as calcium, are stored and proteins are folded and modified.
Golgi apparatus
• An organelle, shaped like a group of flat sacs bundled together, whose function is to remove water from the proteins and prepare them for export from the cell.
Lysosomes
• Organelles that are the digestive units of DNA
plastids
• Bodies in plant cells that contain photosynthesis pigment.
Chloroplasts
• Plastids that use the energy of the sun to make carbohydrates and contain chlorophyll that gives their green color.
Leucoplasts
• Plastids that provide storage for the cell and are abundant in seeds, providing nutrients for emerging plants and animals that eat the seed.
Chromoplasts
• Plastids that manufacture pigments that give fruit their color and also give leaves their brilliant color in the fall.