Post on 06-Apr-2018
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Correspondence between CO2 emission
and sequestration by Dublin’s street trees
Tine Ningal & Dr. Gerald Mills
Fuel + Air Hydrocarbons + Nitrogen Oxides + Carbon Dioxide + Carbon Monoxide + Water
University College Dublin, Ireland
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Framework
Evaluate theUrban
Environmentat Street Level
TrafficMeteorology3D
Urbanform
UrbanForest
SkyView
Factor
DailyShading
AirQualityCO2
Carbonstorage &
sequestration
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Overview
1. Urban settlements
2. Transportation
3. Carbon dioxide emission
4. Urban trees
5. Carbon storage and sequestration
6. Correspondence with CO2 emission form traffic7. Next steps in updating urban trees database.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Objectives
Main research objective:
To assess the environmental quality at street level
in Inner City Dublin.
Sub-objective:
To examine the correspondence between CO2
emission from traffic and carbon sequestration by
street trees.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
World by night - urbanization
Source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/Growing_Cities_AGU.html
3% of global land areacomprise urbansettlements50% global populationlives in urban areas
since 2008
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Demographics of Ireland and Dublin
Population density (2006)Greater Dublin – 25%Dublin City - 12%
Land area (km2)Ireland – 84,469GDA - 922 (1% of Ireland)Dublin city - 118.2 (0.1% of Ireland, 12% of GDA)Study area - 14.2 (12% of Dublin city)
Ireland
Source: CSO
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Transportation in Ireland, 1984-2008
Up to 25% of all thevehicle registered in2008 were in Dublin
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Transportation in Ireland, 1984-2008
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Daily trips – Greater Dublin Area
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Daily trips - Dublin City Centre
Since the traffic flow remains generallyconstant through the daylight hours, it isassumed that traffic in both directions aresimilar.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Traffic count and CO2 emission
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Traffic emission
Time resolution 24Hrs 1Week 1Month 12 Months
Traffic emission
CO2 (kg)
21,822,398 152,756,791 611,027,166 733,232,6002
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Hourly traffic flow during a weekday
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Hourly traffic count, 2006 - Dublin
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Role of trees in mitigating CO2
Versatile and multiple benefits
and services provided by treesto society• Shade provision• Noise/wind barrier• Storm water runoff reduction
• Add values to properties• Regulates temperature• CO2 sequestration & storage• Ecosystem services• Health, therapeutic & quality
of life• Aesthetics• Reduces air pollution• Controls erosion• Home and food source to
animals, insects and birds
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Inventory of Dublin’s urban/street trees
Cataloguing and inventorying
Dublin’s trees
1. Desktop heads-up digitizingof urban tree stands andcanopies using Google
Earth, Bing Maps and DualMaps.
2. Carrying out fieldwork togather street trees.
a) Record speciesb) Measure circumferenceat breast height (CBH).
c) Take photographsd) Document other details.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Routes followed for fieldwork
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy18
Trees in Dublin Inner City
Lime tree on median lane Vandalized tree
Matured London Plane Damaged by Dublin BusYoung tree in commercial area
Trees along busy streetMatured trees near residence
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Results of tree survey
Digitized treesTotal = 10,488 trees
Digitized canopiesTotal = 839,860 m2
Surveyed treesTotal = 2,552 trees
Results• 1 tree to every 50 residents or 684trees km-2
• Canopy = 1 km-2 or 6% of study area
• Street trees = 25% of total trees19
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Carbon sequestration by street trees
London Plane- comprises 22% of total street trees- stores over 80% of Carbon- sequesters over 65% of carbon
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Geography of recorded street trees
Buffer distance of up
to 5 meters from the
kerbside (Approx.
85-90%)
Trees = PointsRoads = Lines
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Carbon sequestered(kg) by street trees
ConversionSequesteredcarbon wasconverted to CO2before applyingMap Algebra.
That is bymultiplying with theconversion factor3.67.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
CO2 emission from traffic
Traffic Data SourceIrish Bulletin of Vehicle andDriver Statistics an Euro IVEmission Standards
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High CO2 emissions alongthe Quays, Northand South Circular
Roads and a fewmajor roads in thestudy area.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
CO2 removed by trees
Annual Monthly
CO2 Emission byTraffic (kg) 733,232,600 61,102,716
CO2 removed by Street
Trees (kg) 7,047,526 587,294
Net CO2 (kg) 726,185,074 60,515,424
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Monetary estimates of removal by trees
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At €20/tCO2, the cost avoided by the presence of street trees in the studyarea: €140,950.50 annually (Tim Callan et al. 2009).
The cost of removing other pollutants such as CO, O3, NO2, PM10, SO2etc. is €6,037.96. (i-Tree model)
The total cost in saving from the presence of the surveyed street trees is€146,988.46.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Concluding remarks
1. There was over 10,000 trees representing 684 trees/km2 or 1 tree to
approximately every 50 residents in the study area.
2. There were 2,552 street trees recorded and which stored a total of1,920,306 kg of carbon or 7,047,526 kg of CO2.
3. With the current stock of street trees, it would take over 210 years to
sequester the CO2 emitted in one year.
4. The highest rate of CO2 removal by street trees correspond well withmatured London Planes distributed along the main busy streets. Meanwhile,other streets exhibiting high CO2 emissions are devoid of trees. Yet otherless busy streets have an abundance of street trees.
5. For effective mitigation of CO2 and other urban effects, considerations liketypes of tree species, its placement and management are important.
6. A tree’s functionality can be maximized by planting the right tree at the rightplace and at the right time.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy27
Next stepsParticipatory
updating of urban
trees
Common activities
1. Identifying trees in private
properties.
2. Take measurements likecircumference at breastheight and photographsand submit.
3. On-going updating ofdatabase of both fruit- andnon-fruit trees.
4. Assist in updating Carbonsequestration and storage.
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy28
Next steps
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School of Geography, Planning andEnvironmental Policy
Thank you
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