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www.leitat.orgT-POT PROJECT 18th June 2009 Terrassa (Spain)

PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILES

UNLOCKING THE CROATIAN TEXTILE RESEARCH POTENTIALS

T-POT PROJECT(CSAs - FP7-REGPOT-2008-1, Activity: 4.1)

1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA APPLIED TO TEXTILES

4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

CONTENTS

PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILES

4th state of matter:

PlasmaGas

LiquidSolid Energy

1.1. DEFINITION OF PLASMA

Partially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, photons, atoms and molecules, with negative global electric charge

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Ionization

Molecules Atoms

By energy transfer (E, B, accelerated e-)

Tequiv.> 100.000 ºC

1.2. GENERATION OF PLASMA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ElectronsIonsFotonsÀtomsMolècules

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.3. COMPOSITION OF PLASMA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.4. CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PLASMA

• Density (Ne)

• Ion density

• Electron temperature

• Ion temperature

• Interactions (collisions)

• Plasma potential

Thermal plasma: Te = Tion = Tgas

Cold plasma: Te >> Tion = Tgas

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.5. CATEGORIES OF PLASMAS

1) Inclusion

2) Sputtering

3) Etching

4) Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)

5) and 6) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)

7) Chemical functionalization

8) Grafting

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA

ON THE SURFACE OF MATERIALS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ON THE SURFACE OF TEXTILES

Sputtering/Etching Activation Breaking of chains Grafting Polymerization

Improving of the wettability

Introduction of polar groups on surface

Removal of superficial impurities (hydrophobic layers)

Modification of surface roughness

Plasma

Introduction of new properties using:

• Coatings

• Nanocoatings

1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES

SURFACE CLEANING BY PLASMA

• Removal of superficial organic compounds by sputtering (Ar plasma) and etching (O2, air plasmas)

• Metallic oxides reduction by Ar/H2 plasmas

• Plasma sterilization by UV, sputtering and etching

• Examples on textiles: desizing or scouring by plasma treatments, sterilization of textiles

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE ACTIVATION BY PLASMA

• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface

• Modification of surface roughness

• Associated ageing or non-permanent properties

• Examples on textiles: antifelting and antishrinkage of wool, hydrophilic polyester filters, antipilling wool and cotton

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PLASMA PRE-TREATMENTS

• Physicochemical cleaning of the surface

• Generally hydrophilic properties are conferred by increasing roughness and chemical functionalization

• Surface activation before dyeing, printing, coating, lamination or other finishing processes

• Examples on textiles: increase of dyeability and printability, improve the absorption properties

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE GRAFTING INDUCED BY PLASMA

• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface

• Surface activation before impregnation in a solution of the monomer

• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the molecule grafted to the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PLASMA POLYMERIZATION

• Two stages of process:1) Plasma activation, using non-polymerizing gases (Ar, O2, N2, air, He, etc.)2) Plasma polymerization, using polymerizing gases (SF6, CH4) or vapours of monomers (C6F14, HMDSO AAc)

• Formation of nanocoatings on the surface by low-temperature and dry processes

• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the precursor polymerized onto the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PLASMA FIXATION

• Impregnation of the textiles in a precursor solution before plasma treatments

• Formation of a polymeric coating generally by free-radical addition polymerization using plasma of a non-polymerizing gas

• Examples on textiles: flame-retardant textiles

Source: LeitatSource: Leitat

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - APP Low Pressure Plasma - LPP

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS

ACCORDING TO PRESSURE

Low Frequency – LF (40 kHz)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY

Radiofrequency – RF (13.56 MHz)

Microwaves – MW (2.45 GHz)

Using a vapour of a monomer liquid: Polimerització per plasma (PECVD)

Using a gas

No polymerizing:Ar, He, O2, F2, etc.

Polymerizing:CF4, C3F6, SF6, etc.

Activació superficial

HMDSO, AAc, etc.

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ACCORDING TO THE GAS/VAPOUR USED

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT

Dow Corning

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Europlasma

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Sigma Technologies

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Acxys Technologies

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Diener electronics

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Plasmatreat

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Softal

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

2.1. TEXTILES USED

NATURAL FIBERS

ARTIFICIAL FIBERS

SYNTHETIC FIBERS

Viscose

Polyamide

Polyester

Cotton

Glass fiberNomex

Kevlar

Lyocell

Acrylics

Polypropylene

RamieJute

SilkFlax

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

2.2. PROPERTIES CONFERRED

• Wettability: hydrophilic character, improving in water absorption

• Hydrophobic character

• Oleophobic character

• Improving in the adhesion of polymers

• Increase of the dyeability

• Antistatic

• Fire-resistant

• Antimicrobial

• Biocompatible

• Others

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES

• Calibrated inks

• Contact angle

• XPS

• ToF-SIMS

• AFM

• SEM

• FTIR-ATR

• Others

AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES

• Elemental composition

• Chemical functionalities

• Molecular characterization

• Quantitative analysis

• Depth profiling

• Surface morphology and roughness

• Thickness

• Surface tension, wettability, adhesion

• Surface forces, nanoindentation, viscoelastic modules

• Oxygen/Water permeation

MEASUREMENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Textile

Support

Absorption length (cm)

Wetting

Wicking

UNE-EN ISO 9073-6:2000

AATCC 39:1980

WETTABILITY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Calibrated inks

WETTABILITY

Untreated (< 30 mN/m)

Plasma treated (60 mN/m)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

WETTABILITY

γS/V θ

SÒLID

LÍQUID

θ >90º hydrophobic

θ <90º hydrophilic

Tensiometry

Goniometry

Contact angle

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

MORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS

Untreated Nanocoated by PECVD

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Untreated PETRa = 0.71 nm

Grain size = 18 nm

SiOx / PETRa = 1.26 nm

Grain size = 41 nm

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS

φν −−= BK EhE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

AR-XPS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ToF-SIMS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ToF-SIMS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

FTIR-ATR

50070090011001300150017001900

Wavenumber (cm-1)

1259 cm-1 Si-(CH3)n bending (n=1-3 groups)

795 cm-1 Si-O-Si bending

1026 cm-1 Si-O-Si stretching

HMDSO 100%

PECVD nanocoating based on HMDSO

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES

Hydrophilic / hydrophobic CO

Antistatic textiles

Oleophobic nonwoven

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Biocompatible textile Dyeability improving on PET

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Antibacterial and antifungus textile

Antischrinkage and antipilling on wool

PP dyeability

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

ts“Plasma” AND “Textile” / “Fabric”

1199 documents

3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

3.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH

PLASMA POLYMERIZATION - PECVD

GRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA

SURFACE CLEANING

PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION - PVD

PLASMA STERILIZATION

OTHERS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PECVD / PVD

Using polymerizing gases/vapours(PECVD) or targets (PVD)

Nanometric layers

New or improved properties

Permanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic characterModifying water permeability according to pHIncrease of the adhesion of finishing productsAntimicrobialBiocompatibilityIncrease of the abrasion resistanceIncrease of the tensile strengthDrug delivery (salicylic acid, etc.)Optical properties

CF4SF6HydrocarbonsSilanesSiloxanesAcrylates

Finishing products savingMaintaining intrinsic properties (rigidity, touch, color, etc.)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

PECVD / PVD

Plasma polymerization of silanes, siloxanes and

fluorocarbons

Water and oil repellant textiles

Plasma polymerization on textiles with TiO2 and/or ZnO

nanoparticles

Multifunctional textiles with high UV protection

Metallization with Ag nanoparticles on textile

surfaces by sputtering (PVD)

Antimicrobial textiles with metallic effects

Plasma polymerization of polycarboxylic acids (formaldehyde-free)

Easy-care textiles

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Plasma pretreatments using Ar, He, O2 or others

Nanometric layers

Permanent properties

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

VTMS grafting using RF plasma

Viscose or PP conductive textiles

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Grafting of NHCOO-Antishrinkage and

anticrease textiles with improved touch

Intelligent membranes / drug delivery / pH and

temperature sensors

Grafting of a phosphorous-based compound by plasma of N2, O2, air, Ar,

He, etc.

Comfortable fire resistant textiles

Grafting of AAc or NIPAAm on PA or PSF (variable

permeability of riboflavin according to porous dimension)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

S. aureusK. pneumoniaeC. albicansE. coliP. aeruginosaB. subtilis (spores)

• Chemical: ethylene oxide, aldehydes, supercritical CO2, plasma of H2O2

• Physical: heat (dry/humid), radiations (UV, γ, ions)

• Mechanical: filtration

Sterilization methods

Microorganisms in research

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

Untreated B. subtilis spores

Plasma-treated B. subtilis spores

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE CLEANING

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE CLEANING

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE CLEANING

Untreated PES

Plasma-treated PES (air, 15 min)

Plasma-treated PES (air, 80 min)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE CLEANING

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

SURFACE CLEANING

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ANTISTATIC TEXTILES

Untreated PES Plasma-treated PES Conventional antistatic PES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

ANTISHRINKAGE WOOL

Positive results at large scale

Process in development

Undesirable touch

Process in research (improvements using softeners)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

YELLOWING AND WEARING ON DENIM

Untreated CO Plasma-treated CO (corona, 660W, 15 cycles)

Plasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 15 cycles) Plasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 45 cycles)

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

IMPROVE DYEING OF WOOL USING NATURAL ANTIBACTERIAL DYES

Ellagic acid Lacaic acid A Lawsone

rWO-NTWO-Plasma

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

IMPROVE DIGITAL PRINTING ON SILK

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

High rates of operation (only for continuous processes)

Dry processes (without generation of wastewaters) Control of new processes based on plasma technology need more research

Minimum consumption of energy (avoiding dry and fixation stages in finishing processes)

Some plasma equipment are still in are in a R&D stage (specially for atmospheric plasma equipment)

Minimum consumption of chemicals

Discontinuous processes in low-pressure plasma equipmentVersatile technology

High investments expensesModification of surfaces without change of the intrinsic properties of the textile

LIMITATIONSADVANTAGES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

• Processes in development

• Processes in research

PECVD / PVD processes

Synthesis and incorporation of nanomaterials

Textile sensors

Antishrinkage of wool

Pretreatment before dyeing

Pretreatment in grafting processes

Substitution of solvent for serigraphy

Improve adhesion between different compounds in composites

Pretreatment before finishing processes• Processes in the industry

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER

• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma to confer antipilling properties to wool textiles (5 m/min)

• Pretreatment of carbon fibers to increase their adhesion to epoxy resins in composites

• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma to confer hydrophilic properties to polyester filters (4.2 m width)

• Activation processes using low-pressure plasma treatments to substitute fotoactive inks in serigraphic textile processes

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER

• Atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatments of PP textiles to improve lamination processes

• Grafting processes induced by atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on Nomex fabrics to confer permanent hydrophilicity

• Low-pressure plasma polymerization processes on textiles to confer hydrophobic/oleophobic properties

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPLICATIONS

3. CURRENT

RESEARCH

4. PLASMA IN THE

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. Plasma is a versatile technology to chemically and physically modify the surface

of materials.

2. Plasma technology is used to achieve new or improved properties to textiles. It

is an alternative environmentally friendly technology to complement or

substitute several conventional textile processes.

3. Research and development of plasma treatments applied to textiles are still

globally increasing. Different studies have been done on natural, artificial and

synthetic fibers.

4. Sputtering, etching, chemical functionalization, free-radicals generation and UV

radiation are some of the most important effects conferred by plasma treatments

to textiles.

5. PECVD, PVD and superficial grafting are plasma processes which involves the

formation of nanometric layers.

6. Plasma treatments are increasing their presence in the textile industry for

several applications.

Passeig 22 de Juliol, 218 - 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona)Tel. +34 93 788 23 00 - Fax +34 93 789 19 06

www.leitat.orglbautista@leitat.org

Thank you for your attention

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