2 Plasma Technology - T-Pot · PDF file1. introduction to plasma technology 2. applications of...
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www.leitat.orgT-POT PROJECT 18th June 2009 Terrassa (Spain)
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILES
UNLOCKING THE CROATIAN TEXTILE RESEARCH POTENTIALS
T-POT PROJECT(CSAs - FP7-REGPOT-2008-1, Activity: 4.1)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA APPLIED TO TEXTILES
4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
CONTENTS
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
4th state of matter:
PlasmaGas
LiquidSolid Energy
1.1. DEFINITION OF PLASMA
Partially ionized gas composed of electrons, ions, photons, atoms and molecules, with negative global electric charge
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
Ionization
Molecules Atoms
By energy transfer (E, B, accelerated e-)
Tequiv.> 100.000 ºC
1.2. GENERATION OF PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
ElectronsIonsFotonsÀtomsMolècules
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.3. COMPOSITION OF PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.4. CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF PLASMA
• Density (Ne)
• Ion density
• Electron temperature
• Ion temperature
• Interactions (collisions)
• Plasma potential
Thermal plasma: Te = Tion = Tgas
Cold plasma: Te >> Tion = Tgas
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.5. CATEGORIES OF PLASMAS
1) Inclusion
2) Sputtering
3) Etching
4) Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)
5) and 6) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
7) Chemical functionalization
8) Grafting
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA
ON THE SURFACE OF MATERIALS
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
ON THE SURFACE OF TEXTILES
Sputtering/Etching Activation Breaking of chains Grafting Polymerization
Improving of the wettability
Introduction of polar groups on surface
Removal of superficial impurities (hydrophobic layers)
Modification of surface roughness
Plasma
Introduction of new properties using:
• Coatings
• Nanocoatings
1.6. EFFECTS PRODUCED BY PLASMA
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE CLEANING BY PLASMA
• Removal of superficial organic compounds by sputtering (Ar plasma) and etching (O2, air plasmas)
• Metallic oxides reduction by Ar/H2 plasmas
• Plasma sterilization by UV, sputtering and etching
• Examples on textiles: desizing or scouring by plasma treatments, sterilization of textiles
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE ACTIVATION BY PLASMA
• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface
• Modification of surface roughness
• Associated ageing or non-permanent properties
• Examples on textiles: antifelting and antishrinkage of wool, hydrophilic polyester filters, antipilling wool and cotton
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA PRE-TREATMENTS
• Physicochemical cleaning of the surface
• Generally hydrophilic properties are conferred by increasing roughness and chemical functionalization
• Surface activation before dyeing, printing, coating, lamination or other finishing processes
• Examples on textiles: increase of dyeability and printability, improve the absorption properties
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
SURFACE GRAFTING INDUCED BY PLASMA
• Free-radicals and/or reactive chemical functionalities on surface
• Surface activation before impregnation in a solution of the monomer
• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the molecule grafted to the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA POLYMERIZATION
• Two stages of process:1) Plasma activation, using non-polymerizing gases (Ar, O2, N2, air, He, etc.)2) Plasma polymerization, using polymerizing gases (SF6, CH4) or vapours of monomers (C6F14, HMDSO AAc)
• Formation of nanocoatings on the surface by low-temperature and dry processes
• Examples on textiles: functional coatings according to the precursor polymerized onto the textile surface (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, antibacterial, antistatic, etc.)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.7. TYPES OF PLASMA PROCESSES
PLASMA FIXATION
• Impregnation of the textiles in a precursor solution before plasma treatments
• Formation of a polymeric coating generally by free-radical addition polymerization using plasma of a non-polymerizing gas
• Examples on textiles: flame-retardant textiles
Source: LeitatSource: Leitat
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma - APP Low Pressure Plasma - LPP
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
ACCORDING TO PRESSURE
Low Frequency – LF (40 kHz)
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
ACCORDING TO FREQUENCY
Radiofrequency – RF (13.56 MHz)
Microwaves – MW (2.45 GHz)
Using a vapour of a monomer liquid: Polimerització per plasma (PECVD)
Using a gas
No polymerizing:Ar, He, O2, F2, etc.
Polymerizing:CF4, C3F6, SF6, etc.
Activació superficial
HMDSO, AAc, etc.
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
ACCORDING TO THE GAS/VAPOUR USED
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Dow Corning
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Europlasma
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Sigma Technologies
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Acxys Technologies
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Diener electronics
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Plasmatreat
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Grinp
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Softal
1. INTRODUCTION TO PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1.8. TYPES OF PLASMA SYSTEMS
EXAMPLES OF SOME COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
Vito
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.1. TEXTILES USED
NATURAL FIBERS
ARTIFICIAL FIBERS
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
Viscose
Polyamide
Polyester
Cotton
Wool
Glass fiberNomex
Kevlar
Lyocell
Acrylics
Polypropylene
RamieJute
SilkFlax
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.2. PROPERTIES CONFERRED
• Wettability: hydrophilic character, improving in water absorption
• Hydrophobic character
• Oleophobic character
• Improving in the adhesion of polymers
• Increase of the dyeability
• Antistatic
• Fire-resistant
• Antimicrobial
• Biocompatible
• Others
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
• Calibrated inks
• Contact angle
• XPS
• ToF-SIMS
• AFM
• SEM
• FTIR-ATR
• Others
AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES
• Elemental composition
• Chemical functionalities
• Molecular characterization
• Quantitative analysis
• Depth profiling
• Surface morphology and roughness
• Thickness
• Surface tension, wettability, adhesion
• Surface forces, nanoindentation, viscoelastic modules
• Oxygen/Water permeation
MEASUREMENTS
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
Textile
Support
Absorption length (cm)
Water
Air
Wetting
Wicking
UNE-EN ISO 9073-6:2000
AATCC 39:1980
WETTABILITY
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
Calibrated inks
WETTABILITY
Untreated (< 30 mN/m)
Plasma treated (60 mN/m)
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
WETTABILITY
γS/L
γL/V
γS/V θ
SÒLID
LÍQUID
VAPOR
θ >90º hydrophobic
θ <90º hydrophilic
Tensiometry
Goniometry
Contact angle
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
MORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
SEM
Untreated Nanocoated by PECVD
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
MORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
AFM
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
MORPHOLOGICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
AFM
Untreated PETRa = 0.71 nm
Grain size = 18 nm
SiOx / PETRa = 1.26 nm
Grain size = 41 nm
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
XPS
φν −−= BK EhE
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
XPS
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
AR-XPS
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
ToF-SIMS
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
ToF-SIMS
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.3. SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CHEMICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS
FTIR-ATR
-0,02
-0,01
0
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
50070090011001300150017001900
Wavenumber (cm-1)
Abs
º
1259 cm-1 Si-(CH3)n bending (n=1-3 groups)
795 cm-1 Si-O-Si bending
1026 cm-1 Si-O-Si stretching
HMDSO 100%
PECVD nanocoating based on HMDSO
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Hydrophilic / hydrophobic CO
Antistatic textiles
Oleophobic nonwoven
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Biocompatible textile Dyeability improving on PET
2. APPLICATIONS OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
2.4. SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Antibacterial and antifungus textile
Antischrinkage and antipilling on wool
PP dyeability
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Nº o
f doc
umen
ts“Plasma” AND “Textile” / “Fabric”
1199 documents
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
3.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
PLASMA POLYMERIZATION - PECVD
GRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA
SURFACE CLEANING
PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION - PVD
PLASMA STERILIZATION
OTHERS
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
PECVD / PVD
Using polymerizing gases/vapours(PECVD) or targets (PVD)
Nanometric layers
New or improved properties
Permanent hydrophilic/hydrophobic characterModifying water permeability according to pHIncrease of the adhesion of finishing productsAntimicrobialBiocompatibilityIncrease of the abrasion resistanceIncrease of the tensile strengthDrug delivery (salicylic acid, etc.)Optical properties
CF4SF6HydrocarbonsSilanesSiloxanesAcrylates
Finishing products savingMaintaining intrinsic properties (rigidity, touch, color, etc.)
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
PECVD / PVD
Plasma polymerization of silanes, siloxanes and
fluorocarbons
Water and oil repellant textiles
Plasma polymerization on textiles with TiO2 and/or ZnO
nanoparticles
Multifunctional textiles with high UV protection
Metallization with Ag nanoparticles on textile
surfaces by sputtering (PVD)
Antimicrobial textiles with metallic effects
Plasma polymerization of polycarboxylic acids (formaldehyde-free)
Easy-care textiles
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
GRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA
Plasma pretreatments using Ar, He, O2 or others
Nanometric layers
Permanent properties
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
GRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA
VTMS grafting using RF plasma
Viscose or PP conductive textiles
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
GRAFTING PROCESSES INDUCED BY PLASMA
Grafting of NHCOO-Antishrinkage and
anticrease textiles with improved touch
Intelligent membranes / drug delivery / pH and
temperature sensors
Grafting of a phosphorous-based compound by plasma of N2, O2, air, Ar,
He, etc.
Comfortable fire resistant textiles
Grafting of AAc or NIPAAm on PA or PSF (variable
permeability of riboflavin according to porous dimension)
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
PLASMA STERILIZATION
S. aureusK. pneumoniaeC. albicansE. coliP. aeruginosaB. subtilis (spores)
• Chemical: ethylene oxide, aldehydes, supercritical CO2, plasma of H2O2
• Physical: heat (dry/humid), radiations (UV, γ, ions)
• Mechanical: filtration
Sterilization methods
Microorganisms in research
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
PLASMA STERILIZATION
Untreated B. subtilis spores
Plasma-treated B. subtilis spores
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
SURFACE CLEANING
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
SURFACE CLEANING
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
SURFACE CLEANING
Untreated PES
Plasma-treated PES (air, 15 min)
Plasma-treated PES (air, 80 min)
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
SURFACE CLEANING
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
SURFACE CLEANING
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
ANTISTATIC TEXTILES
Untreated PES Plasma-treated PES Conventional antistatic PES
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
ANTISHRINKAGE WOOL
Positive results at large scale
Process in development
Undesirable touch
Process in research (improvements using softeners)
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
YELLOWING AND WEARING ON DENIM
Untreated CO Plasma-treated CO (corona, 660W, 15 cycles)
Plasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 15 cycles) Plasma-treated CO (corona, 880W, 45 cycles)
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
IMPROVE DYEING OF WOOL USING NATURAL ANTIBACTERIAL DYES
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ellagic acid Lacaic acid A Lawsone
(K/S
)cor
rWO-NTWO-Plasma
3. CURRENT RESEARCH OF PLASMA ON TEXTILES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
PLASMA PROCESSES IN RESEARCH
IMPROVE DIGITAL PRINTING ON SILK
4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
High rates of operation (only for continuous processes)
Dry processes (without generation of wastewaters) Control of new processes based on plasma technology need more research
Minimum consumption of energy (avoiding dry and fixation stages in finishing processes)
Some plasma equipment are still in are in a R&D stage (specially for atmospheric plasma equipment)
Minimum consumption of chemicals
Discontinuous processes in low-pressure plasma equipmentVersatile technology
High investments expensesModification of surfaces without change of the intrinsic properties of the textile
LIMITATIONSADVANTAGES
4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
4.1. PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• Processes in development
• Processes in research
PECVD / PVD processes
Synthesis and incorporation of nanomaterials
Textile sensors
Antishrinkage of wool
Pretreatment before dyeing
Pretreatment in grafting processes
Substitution of solvent for serigraphy
Improve adhesion between different compounds in composites
Pretreatment before finishing processes• Processes in the industry
4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER
• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma to confer antipilling properties to wool textiles (5 m/min)
• Pretreatment of carbon fibers to increase their adhesion to epoxy resins in composites
• Activation processes using air atmospheric plasma to confer hydrophilic properties to polyester filters (4.2 m width)
• Activation processes using low-pressure plasma treatments to substitute fotoactive inks in serigraphic textile processes
4. PLASMA IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
4.2. SOME EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER
• Atmospheric pressure plasma pretreatments of PP textiles to improve lamination processes
• Grafting processes induced by atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on Nomex fabrics to confer permanent hydrophilicity
• Low-pressure plasma polymerization processes on textiles to confer hydrophobic/oleophobic properties
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. APPLICATIONS
3. CURRENT
RESEARCH
4. PLASMA IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. Plasma is a versatile technology to chemically and physically modify the surface
of materials.
2. Plasma technology is used to achieve new or improved properties to textiles. It
is an alternative environmentally friendly technology to complement or
substitute several conventional textile processes.
3. Research and development of plasma treatments applied to textiles are still
globally increasing. Different studies have been done on natural, artificial and
synthetic fibers.
4. Sputtering, etching, chemical functionalization, free-radicals generation and UV
radiation are some of the most important effects conferred by plasma treatments
to textiles.
5. PECVD, PVD and superficial grafting are plasma processes which involves the
formation of nanometric layers.
6. Plasma treatments are increasing their presence in the textile industry for
several applications.
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