12:15 – 1:30pm Lunch Sjoerd Smits – Sap testing – the ...€¦ · HortiNova Lunch...

HortiNova Lunch presentation at: Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course

12:15 – 1:30pm Lunch Sjoerd Smits – Sap testing – the future is now for nutrient testing that actually can result in disease and insect resolution, crop yield maximization and nutrient density

The Netherlands 2011 & 2012

HortiNova, NovaCropControl

•! Stephan Timmermans •! Johan vd Logt •! Toon Melis •! Rien vd Bighelaar •! Chris v Laarhoven •! Frank Schellekens •! Martin van de Water •! Bart Vromans, 50% •! Sjoerd Smits, 50%

Bart Vromans, 50% Sjoerd Smits, 50% Sjoerd Smits, 50%

Plant sap laboratory: (totaly 15 persons)

•! Joan Timmermans, consultant •! Koen van Kempen, consultant •! Maikel van de Ven, consultant

US Partner

Introduction

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Who we are

•! Independent crop consulting •! Laboratory specialized in plant sap testing (NovaCropControl)

–! Started in 2008 –! Active in 200 different crops (organic, sustainable, conventional)

•! Fruit (strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, red currant, apple, pear, cherry) •! Greenhouse vegetables (tomato, pepper, cucumber, eggplant) •! Fieldgrown vegetables (lettuce, leek, beans, carrot, potato) •! Agricultural crops (wheat, corn, barley, grass) •! Nursery crops (trees, flower bulbs, cutting flowers)

–! Active in 15+ countries –! Results within 24 hours after arriving of samples –! Cost effective, $ 45 per sample set (Y&O), tissue test $ 120 (Y&O). 21 param.

•! Independent research –! Fertilization trials

•! Study groups –! Teaching growers, consultants

Why testing the plant sap?

•! The final result of soil/substrate interactions •! Management tools during growing season •! Complete overview of current mineral plant uptake •! Every sample standard: 21 parameters (+3 R&D)

–! Sugars (Brix), pH, conductivity –! Nutrients:

•! Calcium •! Magnesium •! Potassium •! Sodium •! Nitrogen (Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Nitrogen) •! Phosphorous •! Chloride •! Sulphur

•! Silica •! Manganese •! Iron •! Zinc •! Copper •! Boron •! Molybdenum •! Aluminium

•! Kobalt •! Selenium •! Nikkel

What a plant sap sample tells you

•! Current uptake of nutrients •! Mineral deficiencies and / or excesses

–! Long before visible appearance

•! Nutrient imbalance in soils •! Plant reserves •! The nutrients which the plant is able to use

for its growth at that moment –! Different than dry matter (tissue) test (total nutrient)

•! Reflects plant health and vitality •! Fruit Quality

•! Like a blood test of a plant

Difference between plant sap and dry matter (tissue) test

Two kind of minerals in the plant: –! Mineral / dissolvable salts (current uptake for plant

development) –! Fixed minerals (in organic compounds, hardly available for

plant development)

–! Plant sap measurement measures mostly dissolved salts and a small part of the fixed minerals.

–! Dry matter test counts the total of both (total uptake by plant)

Nutrient wise: Calcium measurement is one of the biggest differences, a small portion of the total amount is used for active “growth”. Sap analysis will the “real” Calcium availability.

Fictive: Increase NO3 with 50% and a decrease of K with 50%, how does the different analysis respond over time.

Difference “plant sap” and “dry matter”

Dry matter

Compare NCC vs. Hand meter and dry matter test

•! NCC Potassium higher than the DIY kit •! Difference better seen at NCC

Potassium content, 2009 13 red currant fields

Plant sap measurement quickly shows low (and high) numbers In a dry matter test it takes 3-6 weeks longer to determinate lower (and higher) numbers

Difference in N content over time between plant sap and dry matter test after a decreased input at the beginning of August.

Difference between plant sap and dry matter test!

Over time Tissue Over time Plantsap

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Mineral mobilisation in the plant

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Example: Tomato

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Antagonistic interactions

Cation Anion

Trace elements

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Cation Anion

Trace elements

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(Tomato) “goal”

Advanced Soils and Plant Nutrition Course

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Cation Anion

Trace elements

Sufficient numbers in the soil is no garantee for a balanced uptake. It s the balance what counts for the uptake

Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium Ammonium

;'<4,!9'0',3&!

When 1 cation increases, 1 or more will decrease in the plant sap. When 1 cation decreases in availability, 1 or more will increase in the plant sap

Potassium

Calcium Magnesium Sodium

Anions have the same interactions When 1 is high, others will decrease

Nitrate (Nitrogen) Chloride Phosphorous Sulphur

=,+4,!9'0',3&!

Nitrate reduction will result in a better uptake of phosphorous and sulphur. Too much KCl will result in less uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.

Phosphorus

Chloride Nitrate Sulphur

Cation Anion

Trace elements

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AEA Antagonistic interactions

Trail result: Low K treatment = Zinc deficiency, why?

•! Low K -> high Mg •! High Mg = NO3 conversion (to protein N) = low NO3

»! Low NO3 = higher P uptake * High P = lower Zn uptake -> even deficiency

Example antagonistic interactions

Mineral uptake and plant disease

•! A balanced mineral uptake: –! Constant growth –! Less susceptible for diseases

•! Aphids •! Funghi (mildew, botrytis etc) •! Bacteria

–! Flower quality –! Fruit quality

•! Shelf life •! Firmness •! Taste

Nitrogen management and aphids

•! Plant can take up nitrogen in nitrate or ammonium form •! Nitrate need to be converted (amino-acids and proteins) •! Accumulation of nitrate stimulates insects and fungal

diseases. •! High nitrate ! luxurious growth ! large weak cells ! low

sugar production (Brix) ! susceptible for insects (aphids)

•! Key is to keep nitrate-accumulation low and convert nitrate into amino-acids and proteins –! Magnesium, Sulfur –! Molybdenum –! Biology and soil-life!

Mildew and nutrition

Without mildew

With mildew

Strawberry propagation •! 1 field •! Same fertilization •! Same soil •! 2 varieties

Without mildew

With mildew

Without mildew With mildew

Monitor silica levels to improve resistance against mildew.

More susceptible Less susceptible

Powdery mildew

Add/ fertilize Silicon to lower the susceptibility of mildew Maximum of 0,3 mmol/litre! Danger of albino fruit.

Powdery mildew and mineral uptake

Intention is to get 30%-35% of nitrate nitrogen as a part of Total N to get enough growth and less susceptability of for example Botrytis.

Botrytis and Nitrate Nitrogen in red currants

Percentage NO3 from the total N in OLD leaves

No Botrytis in storage

A lot of Botrytis in storage

Phytophthora and mineral uptake

•! 2 strawberry varieties •! Elsanta and Sonata

Copper uptake Elsanta vs Sonata

Phytophthora and mineral uptake

More susceptible Less susceptible

Phytophthora Cactorum

Opportunity to increase copper in the sap with a foliar application.

www.bemesting-online.nl

>&6!;)**',.!.*'+0?!@4*4,!'//0+3'<4,!&A&3.!

Year 2012 Year 2013 + Boron

>B!C.&+,&*!DEB!F4G&0H!@IC+I;'!

Crop health labs Nov. ‘14 seminar

Michelle D. Gregg Crop Health Laboratories Program Director

2015 seminars, check CHL website

Presentation and weed nutritonal data NEXT FRIDAY available on NovaCropControl website:

www.NovaCropControl.nl On the download page:

Thank You

12:15 – 1:30pm Lunch Sjoerd Smits – Sap testing – the ...€¦ · HortiNova Lunch...

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