Post on 14-May-2015
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Writing Systems
Lecturer: Mr. Hong Kiseng
Students:
Batch: 08 Year IVSemester I Room W-101
1. Mr. Leang Channy2. Miss Seng Saksreyney3. Mr. Pha Rakim4. Miss Phien Davy
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1. Communication across Time and Space?
2. Morphemic and Phonetic Script3. Chinese Script – A Morphemic
System4. Roman Script – An Alphabetic
System5. Allographs6. Conclusion
Outline
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Do you know any country has no
writing system?
Can you develop one nation without
written language?
How can you study a history of one
country?
1. Communication across Time and Space
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Some societies have no writing
system and no society has developed
a written language and only
subsequently decided to transmit the
utterances orally.
1. Communication across Time and Space
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Writing has played an important part in the
development of society.
Our society requires communication to be
made across space and time.
Writing is allowing you to study the subject
of language without having to travel to a
particular place at a particular time.
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Rival means of communication or
bridging space and time (TV, Phone,
Tape recorder, or Video…), but
writing still develops.
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The written representation of an
object, of a concept, of an action, and
so on may be a direct representation
of the object itself or a
representation of the word that
represents the object.
2. Morphemic and Phonetic Script
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Morphemic are the characters or
graphs <1> and <5> represent a
concept directly.
Phonetic are the written words <one>
and <five> or symbols of symbols
represent the sounds that represent the
concept.
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<Seven> is generally called Phonetic
systems but <Seven> /sevәn/ is called
an Alphabetic system.
Alphabetic are character for each
sound segment or symbols represent
individual speech sounds.
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Syllabic refer to symbols represent
syllables. (Mostly, in Chinese,
Japanese, and Korean symbols) 好 吃 好吃
Hǎo Chī Hǎo chī
Good Eat Delicious
好 看 好看Hǎo Kàn Hǎo kàn
Good Look Attractive
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Morphemic Symbols
Ex: “4” is morphemic symbol that represent:
“quatre in French”“four in English”
“si ‘ 四’ in Chinese”
is internationally understood !
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Symbols that represent an object, a concept,
an action, and so on without the
intermediate element of the spoken word,
they are called “Morphemic Symbols”.
Morphemic Symbols
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Advantage:
It is a written
communication
which can be
understood by
people who speak
so differently that
they would not
understand each
other’s spoken
language.
Disadvantage:
Morphemic symbols
do, however, present
problems in the
modern age. Having a
different graph for
each morpheme
clearly means that
thousands of graphs
must be used.
Morphemic Symbols
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Generally speaking Phonetic systems develop out of Morphemic systems. When humans first wanted to convey or express visually the idea of an object it was natural that they should draw an image of that object rather than attempt to represent the sound of whatever word they used to denote or represent that object.
Ex:
semi-circle represented full-circle represented
moon sun
Morphemic Symbols
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Morphemic symbols can be Pictogram or Ideogram
If we want to consider pictograms or ideograms to be different:
1. One, stylized visual, is more about image or picture is called “pictogram”.
2. And the other one is more about idea is called “ideogram”.
3 Chinese Script- A Morphemic
As we have seen, the Chinese system of writing is primarily morphemic, the characters being associated directly with the object or concept that they
denote rather than with the sound of a spoken word.
Images become more stylized and more angular, but in some cases one can still see a resemblance between character
and the objective denoted.
As with the digraph for China ,
concepts may be represented by
combining or reduplicating
characters.
The characters for the sun and the
moon together (明 ), denote the
concept of brightness.
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The characters for women together
with that for child (好 ), denotes
goodness and love.
These may be referred to as
symbolic compound.
The Chinese characters representing
one concept may also come to be used
to denote another concept that is
denoted by a words that sound similar.
Thus it may be sound rather than
concept that is the common thread
linking different use of character.
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The semantic element, the radical, is
supplemented by a phonetic element
that indicate the spoken word. This
specifying the sense of the semantic
element.
For example, the character for a
woman can be accompanied by
another indicating the sound /ma/ to
denote the particular kind of woman
indicated by these sounds, a mother.
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The writing system that we use
came to us from the Middle East by
way of the Greeks and the Romans.
4. Roman Script – An Alphabetic System
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Runic Alphabets
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Khmer Script
The script has been modified for over 10
times. Here is some example of Khmer script:
Pre-Angkorian Script
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Angkorian Script
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Post-Angkorian Script
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Modern Script
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Allograph is a member of grapheme
or the variant forms of a written
character (grapheme is a fundamental unit in
a written language: alphabet, punctuation,
number, signature, and any other individual
symbol in a writing system).
5. Allographs
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A and a are Allographs of the grapheme
A in that replacing them does not alter
the meaning of the word, as calm,
CALM and cAlm, except oddness.
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As we know, writing system can help our
communication to transcend time and space.
But the development of writing system will
help us better.
However, in order to develop writing system
successfully we need to understand each
concept in this unit.
Conclusion
Thanks for your attention!
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