Post on 04-Jan-2016
description
An Introduction to
Ocean Renewable Energies
Presented by
S. Aboozar TabatabaiRutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
November 2010
الرحیم الرحمن الله بسمPhysical Oceanography
Class Presentation
Introduction
Federal Agency for Science and Innovation, 2008, Moscow, RussiaU.S. Energy Information Administration , International Energy Outlook 2010
Energy… Present and Future
2
U.S. Energy Information Administration , International Energy Outlook 2010
Oil Price: light, sweet crude 2008 ($/barrel)
World primary energy
consumption (quadrillion Btu)
3
Are we behind?!
2009 Annual Report, Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement (OES-IA)
Member countries in Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement
Internationally, the number of developed Internationally, the number of developed ocean energy technologies more than doubled ocean energy technologies more than doubled
from 2003 (35) to 2006 (81). However, the from 2003 (35) to 2006 (81). However, the federal government only acknowledged ocean federal government only acknowledged ocean renewables in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. renewables in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. 11
Internationally, the number of developed Internationally, the number of developed ocean energy technologies more than doubled ocean energy technologies more than doubled
from 2003 (35) to 2006 (81). However, the from 2003 (35) to 2006 (81). However, the federal government only acknowledged ocean federal government only acknowledged ocean renewables in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. renewables in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. 11
4
5
International Energy Agency, Policy Report, 2006
Silver Medal?... Is that the best we got?!6
Good News ! Ocean renewable energies have begun to capture
the attention of US lawmakers…
• More investments
• Some more courses and programs in universities…
• tax credits
• . . . Way to go!
7
Why Ocean?• The ocean is the world's largest solar collector and
can provide huge amount of energy (kinetic and thermal) which is absolutely clean (zero CO2 emission), sustainable, strategic, and predictable.
• Changes in salinity, thermal gradients, tidal sea level change and currents, or ocean waves can be used to generate electricity.
• The number of ocean energy technology concepts has increased to +100 known devices.
• Available global Ocean Energy resource is in the same order of magnitude of the present electricity production worldwide (even more!).
8
Table compiled from International Energy Agency, Policy Report, 2006 9
(Conventional) Tidal Energy
Technologies for harnessing energy from tides by building barrage across estuary are well developed, but this type of conversion process could have significant impact on local ecosystem.
10
World’s largest tidal power plant in the Rance estuary
near St Malo, France
Peak rating of 240 Megawatts, generated by
24 turbines
11
SihwaSihwa will be the world’s largest tidal power will be the world’s largest tidal power plant.plant.
It will be the world’s largest tidal power plant with a total power of 260 MW and an annual power generation of 543 GWh.
Sihwa, South KoreaUnder Construction
12
Tidal Current Energy
Significant number of technologies for harnessing energy from tidal current are being developed worldwide. Some of them are at or near full-scale development and undergoing sea trials.Significant number of technologies for harnessing energy from tidal current are being developed worldwide. Some of them are at or near full-scale development and undergoing sea trials.
SeaGen
13
14
Rotech Tidal Turbine (RTT)
15
16
Wave Energy OWC
17
Other wave Devices
18
19
Salinity Gradient Energy
The world's first osmotic plant with capacity of 4 kW was opened by Statkraft on 24 November 2009 in Tofte, Norway
21
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
22
Open-cycle OTEC
23
24
25
Thank you for your attention.
26