Post on 11-Jan-2016
1Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union Abstract : The application of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union
will require a dense and frequent monitoring of chlorophyll-a near the coast. Not counting the transitional water bodies located in the vicinity of estuaries, not less than seventy four coastal water bodies have to be monitored along the coast of the French Atlantic continental shelf and the English Channel. All the available data have to be gathered to implement a comprehensive monitoring scheme.
To this purpose, the capacity of ocean colour imagery to complete the conventional in situ data set collected in coastal networks have been evaluated. Satellite-derived chlorophyll-a concentration is obtained by the application of a coastal Look-Up-Table to water-leaving radiance of the different Instrument Sensor (SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS) for the 1998–2014 period.
For more than 15 years now, satellite-derived and in situ chlorophyll-a concentrations (in situ data of the French monitoring networks Ifremer REPHY and SOMLIT/CNRS) have been compared at more than 20 representative stations of different water bodies. These comparisons show that the satellite products are reliable in most of the situations studied and throughout the seasons. These results have also been confirmed by users of the satellite data operating in the coastal waters of the Northern Western Shelf within MarCoast1&2 (ESA), ECOOP (UE) …
Satellite imagery is used to classify the coastal waters for the eutrophication risk criterion of the WFD. This classification is made according to the percentile-90 of chlorophyll-a calculated during the productive season, from March to October.
2Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union
The REPHY is fully dedicated to the monitoring of the phytoplankton
Observation and Monitoring Network for Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins
•Geographical area : the whole coast of France + French overseas islands
•Implemented by Ifremer since 1984
•Two objectives
-environmental : long term time-series for phytoplankton populations -sanitary : monitoring of toxic phytoplankton
The 2main monitoring networks in France
-RESOMAR (INSU/CNRS) : RESeau des Stations et Observatoires MArins
-REPHY (Ifremer): REseau d'Observation et de Surveillance du PHYtoplancton et des Phycotoxines
3Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union REPHY and SOMLIT in situ-reference station for MODIS and MERIS calibration
The 28 selected stations
3 environmental satellite-derived and validated parameters : Chl-a, SPM and Turbidity
4Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union
CHLOROPHYLL-a MODIS 2003-2009
Extract of the « Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l’Ouest européen. » DCSMM report Ifremer january 2011. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00057/16840/14306.pdf
Validation with in-situ data
5Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union
CHLOROPHYLL-a MERIS 2007-2009
Extract of: Joint use of satellite and in situ data for coastal monitoring. Special edition of Ocean Science for ECOOP. http://www.ocean-sci.net/7/705/2011/os-7-705-2011.pdf
Validation with in-situ data
MEAN P90
6Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union
Turbidity MODIS and MERIS
Extract of the « Atlas de la Température, de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du plateau continental français et de ses abords de l’Ouest européen. » DCSMM report Ifremer January 2011.
Validation with in-situ data
7Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European
Union
Monitoring for the WFD (Water Framework Directive)Indicators of the phytoplankton quality
Biomass (Chl-a), Abundance (number of blooms), Harmful blooms
The quality indicator for the biomass is the percentile 90 of the Chl-a during the
productive period (March to October)
Ecological Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad
Level of the P90 chl-a (mg.m-3) 0 – 5 5 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 40 > 40
Ecological Status High Good Moderate Poor Bad
Level of the P90 chl-a (mg.m-3) 0 – 5 5 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 40 > 40
8Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union
Limits of the WFD water bodies
The best contribution of the satellite is clearly the spatial coverage
9Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union
New P90 maps on marine regions are provided for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
10Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union
15 july
The bloom starts on the stratified area observed on the Sea Surface Temperature map of July 19th
+ 2 sea samples are collected and analysed by CEFAS
>1 million de cells/L
22 july
+
The fisheries Department of the states of Guernsey is alerted on July 19th
19 july
Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms (here Karenia mikimotoi)
Example of the 2010 summer Bloom in the western channel
11Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union © Acri-st, all rights reserved – 2014
Satellite-derived data for the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union
Observations of the biodiversity and the Harmful Algal blooms
4 dinoflagellates are simultaneously blooming on August 2012
The blooms of L. chlorophorum (1) and K. mikimotoi can be identified from space.
Lepidodinium chlorophorum
1
Karenia mikimotoi3
2Alexandrium minutum
Ostreopsis ovata
4A new project of participatory science Phenomer will also make use of satellite data
http://www.phenomer.org/