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ASSALAMUALAIKUM
WARAHMATULLAHI WABARAKATUH
&
GOOD MORNING
RESPECTED LADIES AND GENTLEMENTS
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THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAFFIC PLANNING
IN TOWN PLANNING
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. HASSIM MAT
BY
Pusat Pengajian Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan,
UNVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
PULAU PINANG
hassim@usm.my/ drhasmat14@gmail.com
04-6532844
mailto:hassim@usm.mymailto:drhasmat@yahoo.commailto:drhasmat@yahoo.commailto:hassim@usm.my5/20/2018 1. The Importance of Traffic Planning
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INTRODUCTION
Statistic 200711,836,136 licensed drivers in Malaysia
27,127,000 total population in Malaysia
7,458,128 motorcycles6,941,996 cars
142,038 public transports
836,579 commercial vehicles
411,991 other vehicles
16,812,440 total registered vehicles
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INTRODUCTION
Year 2005 2006 2007
Private
Vehicles13,481,312 14,400,124 15,363,007
Population 26,130,000 26,640,000 27,170,000
Ratio Vehicles/
Population0.52 0.54 0.56
Vehicles every
100 People52 54 56
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ISUES PROBLEMS
1. Traffic congestionTraffic volume is more than road capacity
Inefficient traffic management
2. Delay
Long travelling time
Wasting billions of ringgit in delays
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3. Environmental pollutionAir polluted by poisonous gas
Noisy
Increase in air temperatureSmelly air
Wastage of natural sources
ISUES PROBLEMS
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4. Public TransportInconvenience
Not comfortable
Expensive fareNot following the schedule
Limited facilities
Insufficient terminal/station facilities
ISUES PROBLEMS
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5. Parking FacilitiesInsufficient
Blocking / interrupting smooth traffic flow
Far from destinationExpensive parking charges
ISUES PROBLEMS
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6. PedestrianExposed to accident
Limited/no facilities
Have facilities but not comprehensiveInconvenience design
ISUES PROBLEMS
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7. Road AccidentFactors causing road accidents
Human being 67%
Vehicles 9%Environment 24%
10thhighest in the world (2002)
549,917 cases with 6,282 fatalities, (2007)
376,061 cars involved
an average of 17.2 death per day
ISUES PROBLEMS
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Fatalities Road in Some Countries
140.00
48.00
32.50
15.20 9.10 8.40 5.44 5.30 5.17 5.07 4.30 2.81 1.90 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.44
185.00190.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
200.00
Eutop
hia
African
Republic
India
China
Pakis
tan
Turki
Indonesia
Thailand
Switz
erlan
d
Belgi
um
Malay
sia Italy
Singapore
Japan
USA
Finlan
d
GreatB
ritain
Germany
New
Zealan
d
Fatalities/1
0,0
00Vehs
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Road Functions
Communication relationship
Connecting Public to Private Space for Utilities Facilities
Public relation areas
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CATEGORIES
1. Toll Highways (PLUS)
2. Federal Route
3. State Road4. Municipal or City Road
5. Rural or Country Road
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14TOLL HIGHWAYS NETWORK BETWEEN CITIES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Total length 847.7 km
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ROAD HIERARCHY
1. Highways or Motorways
2. Main Collector Road
3. Local Collector Road4. Access Road
5. Residential Road
6. Cul-De-Sac
7. Back Lane
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Width of Road
Reserve (Feet)
Width of Each
LANE (Feet)
Number of
LANES
Road Types
100 & 13210 - 124 LANES two
ways
Highways
66 & 10010 - 122 LANES two
ways
Major
Collector
50 & 6610 - 122 LANES two
ways
Minor
Collector
40 & 50 .10 - 122 LANES two
ways
Access Road
ROAD HIERARCHY
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Width of roadReserve (Feet)
Width of eachLANE (Feet)
Number ofLANES
Road Types
4010 - 122 LANES two
ways
Residential
Road
40 & 308 - 122 LANES twoways
Cul-De-Sac
6 to 206 - 201 LANEBack LANE
Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa, Untermann
R.K. dan Ibrahim Wahab
ROAD HIERARCHY
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R5
R6
R4
R3
R2
R1
R6 Lebuh Raya
R5 Jalan Pengumpul Utama
R4 Jalan Pengumpul Tempatan
R3 Jalan Masuk
R2 Jalan Kediaman
R1 Kul-De-Sac
PETUNJUK
Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa dan Untermann R.K. m.s.
201 (ubahsuai)
ROAD HIERARCHY
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
ROAD HIERARCHY
or 9 m
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
ROAD HIERARCHY
or 12 m
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
ROAD HIERARCHY
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
R4
ROAD HIERARCHY
or 15 m
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
R5
ROAD HIERARCHY
or 18 m
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ROAD HIERARCHYor 35.4 m
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Road Design
Road Classification or Hierarchy
Table: Lane Requirement Minimum (feet)
Types 1 Lane 2 Lanes
Pedestrian 2 4Bicycle 3 8
Motorcycle 4 10
Car 6 16
Lorry 8 24
Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
PADESTRIAN LANE BICYCLE LANE
Road Design
4 8
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
MOTORCYCLE LANE CAR LANE
Road Design
16
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Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
LORRY LANE
Road Design
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Topographic Condition
Figure: Gradient in Road Design (1:10)
1
10
Road Design
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Road Design
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Road Design
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Road Design
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Junctions Design Table: Distance Between Junctions
Road Types Distance Between Junctions (J)
Major Collector 500 feet
Minor Collector 400 feet
Access Road 300 feet
Residential Road 200 feet
Cul-De-Sac 150 feet
Short Cul-De-Sac 150 feet
Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
Road Design
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Distance Between Junctions
Source: Jabatan Perancang Bandar dan Desa
J J
J
J
Jarak Road Design
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Traffic Survey
The purpose of conducting trafficvolume survey:
To predict and forecast
Design for improvement
Road accident study
Traffic study at junction
Traffic management
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Traffic Volume Contents
According to Class
1. Two wheels; Motorcycle
2. Three/Four wheelstwo gander ;
Motorcar and motor rickshaw
3. Six wheels, two gander; Lorry and big
van
4. Three /more gander; Oil tanker, lorry
cargo and logger lorry5. Taxi and hired car
6. Bus (Public transport)
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Traffic Volume Contents
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TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY
DEFINITION :
NUMBER OF VEHICLES PASSING
THROUGH A POINT ON THE ROAD FOR A
GIVEN TIME.
In vehicles per hour or vehicles per day
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LOCATION SELECTION
1. ROAD SIDE (STRAIGHT ROAD)
2. JUNCTIONS
3. X JUNCTION (4 JUNCTIONS)4. T JUNCTION (3 JUNCTION)
5. ROUND ABOUT
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TIME FRAME
BASED ON THE OBJECTIVE OF
THE STUDY:
1. 1 HOUR
2. 12 HOURS (7.0019.00 )3. 16 HOURS (6.0022.00)
4. 18 HOURS(6.0024.00)
5. 24 HOURS (7.007.00)6. 1 WEEK
7. 1 YEAR
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SURVEY METHODS
1. MANKIND (PEOPLE)
2. MECHANICAL ; PNEUMATIC TUBE,
3. ELECTROMAGNETIC PRINCIPLESPECTION CABLE
4. MICROELECTRONICH - STAR
5. VIDEO CAMERA OR CCTV
SURVEY METHODS
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SURVEY METHODS
TRAFFIC COUNTER
SURVEY METHODS
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SURVEY METHODS
Traffic Volume Survey Form
SURVEY METHODS
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SURVEY METHODS
MECHANICAL PNEUMATIC TUBE
SURVEY METHODS
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SURVEY METHODS
ELECTROMAGNETICSPECTION CABEL
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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
The objective of traffic management is tosolve or reduce traffic problems whichare occurring especially in the city center.The process of controlling the traffic flowon the road network at the specific areatoward obtaining an efficient, safe and
smooth flow.
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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Traffic Management Techniques
Road signage
Traffic lights
Round about
Multi level (grade separated) junctions
Traffic streaming
Acceleration and deceleration lane
One way street
Public transport infrastructure
Etc.
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Determining Intersection Types
Intersection Types Total number of vehicles on two
ways traffic at the main road and
the highest traffic volume on the
minor road (vehicles per hour)
Priority Junction 0 - 1500
Mini Round About 0900
Small Round About 9002000
Normal Round About 20005000
Signalized Intersection 7005500
Grade Separated
Junction
> 4000
Source: Meor Othman Hamzah (1992)
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CAR PARK TYPES
Road side
Off road or open space
Multi storey parking Roof top
Basement
On the ramp Mechanical floor
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CAR PARK TYPES
Road side
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CAR PARK TYPES
Off road/open space
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CAR PARK TYPES
Multi storey building
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CAR PARK TYPES
On mechanical floor
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CAR PARK TYPES
On mechanical floor
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
Right angle (90o) parallel to the road
Right angle (90o) to the road
45
o
to the road30
o to the road
60o to the road
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
16
20
90 degrees to the road
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
45 degrees to the road
16 8
16
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
30 degrees to the road
12
816
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
60 degrees to the road
16
16
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
Arrangement for an area of 88 sq. feet with lot size 8 feet X 16 feet
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PARKING LOT ARRANGEMENT
Arrangement for an area of 88 sq. feet with lot size 8 feet X 16 feet
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Attendant
Coupon
Meter Pay and Display
Pay and Park
Ticket and pay at machine
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Attendant
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Meter
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Meter
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Pay and Display
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PARKING MANAGEMENT
Coupon
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
Parking standards and guidelines weredesigned to assist the town planners in
obtaining the proper design and allocation
of parking lots.
As an example, parking allocation foreach types of development prepared
Town and Country Planning Department
(JPBD) (2000),
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
based on population size > 1 million
Types
Detached
Semi Detached
Terrace
Terrace Low Cost
Town House
Parking Lot Requirement
2.5 L/unit
2.5 L/unit
1 L/unit
1 L/unit
2 L/ 1 centralized within 50 meters
Residential;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
Types
CondominiumMedium Cost
Low Cost
Parking Lot Requirement
2.5L/1unit +10% visitors + 10% mcle2L/1unit + 10% visitors + 20% mcle
1 L/ 1 unit + 10% visitors + 1Lmcle/ 2unit flat
Residential (Flat);
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
TypesOrdinary commercialbuilding
Shop houses
Shops + Office
Hypermarket
Mini Market
Parking Lot Requirement1 L/100 m2 floor area
1 L/100 m2 floor area + 1 L motorcycle /100
m2floor area
1 L/ 75 m2floor area + 1 L motorcycle/100m2floor area
1 L/ 15 m2floor area + 20% L motorcycle
Taxi waiting bay minimum 10 lots
1 L/ 25 m2floor area + 1 L motorcycle/50m2floor area100 m2 for 2 service vehicles
Commercial;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
Types45 stars
3 stars
Motel
Service Apartment
Parking Lot Requirement1 L/3 rooms + 75% related to hotel operation
Bus and taxi bays
1 L/4 rooms + 75% related to hotel operationBus and taxi bays
1 L/2 rooms + 1 L / 30 m2dining hall
1.5 L/ 1 unit + 20% for visitors
+ 20% motorcycles+ 1 L for excursion bus/40 units
Hotel;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
TypesPublic RecreationalGarden or Park
Swimming pool
Stadium and ClubHouse
Tennis & Squash Court
Ice Skating Ring
Parking Lot Requirement1 L/1500 feet square < 1 acre1 L/5000 feet square - 1 to 5 acre
1 L/250 feet square swimming pool +restaurant
1 L/8 seats + 1L/250 feet squarerestaurant
2 L/court
1 L/1000 feet square +1 L/8 seats
Recreational;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
Types
Mosque
Church
Crematorium
Parking Lot Requirement
1 L/250 feet square prayer halls
1 L/20 fixed seats
1L/250 feet square
Religious;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
TypesKinder Garden
Primary School
Secondary School
Institute of HigherLearning
Parking Lot Requirement1 L/3 Staff + 1L/10 student
1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20 student
1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20student+1L Motorcycle /10 student
1 L/2 staff and teacher + 1L/20 student+1L Motorcycle /5 student +10% overall
for visitors
Educational;
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PARKING STANDARDS GUIDELINES
TypesPublic Hospital
Private Hospital
Welfare House
Library
Parking Lot Requirement1 L/5 bed + 1 L/3 administration staff+ 1 L/1 professional staff
1 L/3 bed + 1 L/3 administration staff+ 1 L/1 professional staff
1 L/3 administration staff
1 L/1000 feet square
1 L/2 staff or teacher
Institusional;
REFERENCES
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REFERENCES
Ibrahim Wahab, (1985) Perancangan Lalu Lintas, USM
Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Ibrahim Wahab, (1990) Teknik Sistem Lalu Lintas Dan
Pengangkutan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Ibrahim Wahab, (1991) Pengangkutan Bandar Di Malaysia,
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Danial Mohamed, (1993) Pengenalan Tinjauan dan AnalisisLalu LintasDewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
Meor Othman Hamzah, (1992) Reka Bentuk Jalan Raya
Untuk Jurutera.Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
G.R. Wells, (1970) The Introduction to Traffic Engineering,
Charles Griffin and Company, London.
Jabatan Perancang Bandar & Desa, 2000, Garispanduan &
Piawaian Perancangan Tempat Letak Kereta, Kementerian
Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan.
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WASSALAMUALAIKUM
WARAHMATULLAHI WABARAKATUH
&
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
GOOD LUCK