Traffic

studies

A

Seminar

on

Presented by :

Sachin Nagayach

0108CE13ME42

Guided by :

Pradeep Purohit sir

Asso. Professor

Introduction

Traffic studies are carried out to analyse

the traffic chracteristics . It helps in

geometric design and traffic control,

which tends to a safe and eficient

traffic movement.

The traffic studies for

collection of data is also known as

Traffic Census

TYPES OF TRAFFIC STUDIES

Traffic volume study

Speed study

Origin and destination study

Traffic flow characteristics study

Traffic capacity study

Parking study

Accident study

Traffic Volume Study

Traffic volume study is the quantity of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period.

The uses of traffic studies are as follows

Planning

Traffic operation and control

Traffic pattern

Structural design of pavement

Regulatory measures

Methods of volume study

Automatically

Manually

Automatic counters

Automatic counters are also known as

mechanical counters . They can

automatically record the total numbers

of vehicles crossing a section of the

road in desired period of time.

Automatic counters

Advantage:

It can work throughout the day and night for

desired period, which is impractical in

manual.

Disadvantage:

It doesnot give the detail of the traffic like

various classes, stream and turning

movement

Automatic counters

Automatic counters

Automatic counters

Automatic counters

Manually

The manually method is the method in

which a group of peoples are trained

to record the total numbers of

vehicles crossing a section of the road

in desired period of time on record

sheets manually.

Manually

Advantage:

It gives the full detail of the traffic like

various classes, stream and turning

movement etc of the vehicles.

Disadvantage:

It cannot work throughout the day

and night for all days of year.

Presentation of volume study

dataThe data can be presented by following

forms, they are:

Annual average daily traffic (AADTorADT)

Trends charts

Variation charts

Traffic flow maps

Volume flow diagram

Highest hourly volume graph

Speed Studies

The speed studies are the studies

which are carried out to know the

general trends in speeds.

They are classified into two groups:

Spot speed study

Speed and delay study

Spot speed study

The speed at any spot is known as spot

speed.

It may used for following aspects:

Planning traffic control and regulation

Geometric design

Accident studies

Traffic capacity

Speed trends

Presentation of spot speed

data

Average speed of vehicles

Cummulative speed of

vehicles

Modal average

Speed and delay study

The speed and delay study gives:

Running speed

Overall speed

Fluctuation in speed

Delay between two station

Methods of speed and delay

study

Floating car method

License plate method

Interview technique method

Elevated observation method

Photographic technique method

Origin and Destination Study

This technique is mainly observed by

two methods:

Plan the road network and other

facilities for vehicular traffic

Plan the schedule of different modes

of transportation for trip demand

Methods of O and D study

Road side interview method

License plate method

Return postcard method

Tag on car method

Home interview method

Work spot interview method

Traffic Capacity Study

The study of traffic volume and traffic

density is known as traffic capacity

study.

There are three types of capacity study:

Basic capacity

Possible capacity

Practical capacity

Factor affecting traffic

capacity

Speed of leading and following vehicle

Type and characteristic of two vehicle

Driver characteristic of following

vehicle

Traffic volume capacity ratio

Proportion of vehicle classes

Road geometrics

Environmental factors

Parking studies

parking is the much needed demand

and major problem in our country.

Parking studies are used to evaluate

the facilities available like :

Parking demand

Parking characteristics

Parking space inventory

Types of parking studies

Onstreet : ◦ Parallel parking

◦ 30˚ angle parking

◦ 45˚ angle parking

◦ 60˚ angle parking

◦ Right angle parking

Offstreet : ◦ Mechanical car parking

◦ Multistory car parking

◦ Roof car parking

◦ Surface car parking

◦ Underground parking

Accident Study

Accident studies may be listed as:

To study the cause of accident and

suggest corrective treatment at

nearest location.

To evaluate existing design

To support proposed design

To make computation of financial loss

To carry out before and after studies

Accident study record

Collection of accident data

Accident report

Accident record

Condition diagram

Collision diagram

Accident investigation

Analysis

Causes of Accident

There are four basic elements in traffic

accident:

Road user

Vehicle

Road condition

Environment factor

Causes of Accident

Driver

Pedestrian

Passenger

Vehicle defects

Weather

Animals

Thanking you