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SmartPhone Thesis A SeminarSmartPhone Thesis A Seminar

Ansye Linardi 2275781

Ashwin Srinivasan 2277896

Endry Luis Djaja 2287066

Lydian Wati Sutadji 2287131

Yvonne Lee 2277889

Supervisor: Peter Ho

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Smartphone Seminar OutlineSmartphone Seminar Outline

Smartphone Philosophy Smartphone Comparisons Smartphone System Design

– Microcontroller• ARM Core• Memory

– LCD– Telephony Interface– Connectivity to network and other devices

Current Progress Schedule

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Smartphone PhilosophySmartphone Philosophy

“is to integrate the telephone system with the processing power of a computer system and to be able to run various applications that optimise communication within the home or office.”

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Smartphone Philosophy (cont)Smartphone Philosophy (cont)

Features included:LCD to email and web browsingAdvanced call management (call

waiting, caller id, hands-free)Digital answering machineLeast call cost routingConnectivity (USB, Infra Red,

Ethernet, Wireless)

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Existing “smartphone” productsExisting “smartphone” products

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MulteLink SmartphoneMulteLink Smartphone

Product Description:

Electronic telephone with WEB browsing and EMAIL capabilities. “Least cost call routing” whereby the phone looks up the call cost

data for each of the call provider and adds the appropriate prefixes to make the cheapest possible international calls.

Features:

56k Rockwell modem Hands free telephone, caller ID Backlit graphics LCD display Slide out keyboard USB port, and smart card interface.

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The Smile Phone & Web-i-PhoneThe Smile Phone & Web-i-Phone

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Comparisons of SmartphonesComparisons of SmartphonesSmartphone

TypeEmail/ Web

browsingNormal

TelephoneConnectivity (modem / LAN)

Color LCD/ TouchScreen

External Interfaces

SMILE Y Y Y Y

• smartcard reader• multimedia card• audio earphones• parallel interface for printer

WEB-i-Phone

Y Y( voip ) Y (modem op) Y

• serial port• smartmedia• infrared• smartcard reader• digital answer machine

MULTELINK

Y Y Y (modem only) LCD only

• USB port• smartcard• slideout keyboard

Our Proposal

Y Y Y (wireless) Y

• PCMCIA• USB• Infra red• Audio• Keyboard (PS2, USB, infrared)

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Group’s Vision of the Smartphone Group’s Vision of the Smartphone RequirementsRequirements

We propose to base our design on the multelink smartphone

to improve its design allow use of least cost routing add more “smart” features

The SmartPhone will act as a communication hub for home and office

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Project ScopeProject Scope

In this scope of our project we aim to provide a:

“ Proof of concept”

in building the hardware prototype and prove that such a SmartPhone is possible.

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The Smartphone DesignThe Smartphone Design

WhatMicrocontroller?

LCD/Touch Screen

Telephony Side

Memory

Keypad Handset

Keyboard

ExternalDevices

Power Mgmt

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MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

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Microcontroller RequirementsMicrocontroller Requirements

Suitable microprocessor Provides in built support for various

external interfacese.g. USB, serial ports

Built-in LCD controllers, SDRAM/FLASH support etc.

Embedded debugging software Power management I.e. : SoC (System On Chip)

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Microprocessor ResearchMicroprocessor Research

What is ARM ?

ARM (Advanced RISC Machines ) is

the industry's leading provider of 16/32-bit embedded RISC microprocessors

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Why ARM?Why ARM?

ARM based processor is faster than the current 68K chips.

can run up to 200 MHz – enabling robust application such as wireless technologies to run on it

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Why choose ARM’s core?Why choose ARM’s core?

Low powerLow system costExcellent code densityGlobal multi-vendor sourcingStandardize architectureHigh performanceSmall CPU die size

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ARM Core Family ProductsARM Core Family Products

There are 5 product families of ARM processor cores:

ARM7 Thumb Family ARM9 Thumb Family ARM9E Family ARM10E Family ARM11 Family SecurCore Family

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ARM Core Family Products (cont)ARM Core Family Products (cont)

The 5 product families can be categorized into 3 system categories:

1. Embedded Real-time systems Cores 2. Open Platforms Cores

3. Secure Applications Cores

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ARM Core Family Products (contd)ARM Core Family Products (contd)

Cache Size Memory AHB Bus Clock

(Inst/Data) Management Interface MHz **

ARM7TDMI No No No Yes* Yes No No 133

ARM720T 8K unified No MMU Yes Yes No No 100ARM920T 16K/16K No MMU Yes* Yes No No 250ARM922T 8K/8K No MMU Yes* Yes No No 250

StrongARM 16K/8K No MMU N/A No No No 206Intel XScale 32K/32K No MMU N/A Yes Yes No 400

Jazelle

Embedded Cores

Platform Cores

Intel ARM-based Processors

Tightly Coupled Memory Thumb DSP

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ARM Core Family Products (contd)ARM Core Family Products (contd)

Our group particularly interested in 2 arm cores from the selected arm-core table

They are ARM920T and ARM922T

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ARM Core Selection Consideration ARM Core Selection Consideration FactorsFactors Fast speed A member of Thumb technology family Have a cache (Instruction/Data) Have Memory Management Unit (MMU) Samples of application that may use this

particular processor. The availability of the microcontroller products

that contain these processors.

Have embedded JTAG debug capability

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Considered ARM based Microcontrollers:Considered ARM based Microcontrollers:

Sharp LH7A404ARM922T Core

Samsung S3C2410XARM920T Core

Motorola MC9328MX1ARM920T Core >> “DragonBallMX1” <<

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DragonBall MC9328MX1DragonBall MC9328MX1

Memory Map

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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

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LCD requirements for SmartphoneLCD requirements for Smartphone

1. Viewing purposes/coloured display Email and web browsing Applications Display cheapest call costs and bills

2. Touch Panel Interface Alternative to a “mouse” Dial without keypad

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Overview of LCD TechnologyOverview of LCD Technology

Passive Matrix (STN)

Active Matrix (TFT)

Addressing Multiplex Direct/Active

Resolution Low High

Power Consumption

Low High

Cost Low High

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LCD Models Considered:LCD Models Considered:

1. Sharp TFT LCD touchscreen: Model: “LQ05703DC02” 320x240 QVGA cost: US$455.05

2. Hitachi LCD touchscreen: Model: “SP10Q003-T” 320X240 STN Colour graphic display

cost: AU$261.75

Direct interface from “DragonBall MX1”

Not Chosen: Too expensive and hard to get.

Chosen: Much cheaper than Sharp and availability from many distributors.

Reason:Need only an inexpensive LCD as our group intends to use it for proof of design and it interfaces with our microprocessor

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Telephone and Modem System Telephone and Modem System

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POTS/Modem Requirements:POTS/Modem Requirements:

Make phone call Modem / Fax Caller Id, Call Waiting Answering machine Billing detection / Call Duration Video Conference (Optional) Downloadable Ring Tone (Optional) To comply with Australian standards Fulfil telephone safety requirement

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Pots (Plain Old Telephone Service)Pots (Plain Old Telephone Service)Basic DesignBasic Design

MicroPhone

Speaker

Duplex Coil

Hook Switch

Keypad and tone generator

Ringer

Line Interface

Wall

Tip

Ring

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Modem, Fax and Caller IdModem, Fax and Caller Id

• Modem is a peripheral device which enables transmitting digital data through telephone line.

Modulation

Demodulation

Telephone Line

Analog SignalDigital Signal

Analog SignalDigital Signal

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Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)

Fax Machine Mechanism• Optical Scanning• Signal Encoding• Modulation• Signal Transmission• Demodulation• Decoding• Copy Making

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Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)

Caller Id is the identification of the originating subscriber line.

Two types of Caller Id• Caller Id Type I• Caller Id Type II

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Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)Modem, Fax and Caller Id (cont)

Caller Id mechanism:• Caller Id Information received as analog

signal• Modem Decodes the analog signal into

standard 8 bit ASCII character• Caller Id Information is displayed on the

LCD

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Telephone Safety RequirementTelephone Safety Requirement

Telephone regulations require high voltage barrier between telephone line side (high voltage)and digital device side(low voltage)

Three kinds of implementation• Transformer• Optical Isolation• DAA ( Direct Access Arrangement )technology

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DAA TechnologyDAA Technology Philosophy

Use of a high voltage capacitor to isolate low voltage section from the high voltage section

Basic Design of DAA technology

System Interface

Microprocessor

Isolation Barrier

Line Interface

DAA

Phone Line

High VoltageLow Voltage

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DAA Technology (cont)DAA Technology (cont)

Why using DAA ?

– Isolation barrier used is lighter, smaller, cheaper and has better densities compare to transformer

– Can fulfill wide variety of telephone application such as FAX, Modem, Caller Id, etc

– Provides Programmable line interface to meet global line requirements

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Pots/Modem ImplementationPots/Modem Implementation

Two types of Implementation– Discrete components – Modem Chipset

In this project Modem chipset is used to implement Pots/Modem section due to simplicity reason

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Modem ChipsetModem Chipset

Points of consideration– Availability– Features supported– Meet Australia telephone regulations

and standards– Price– Compatible with microprocessor

Dragon Ball (MX9328MX1)

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Modem Chipset (cont)Modem Chipset (cont)

Modem Chipset Considered

– SmartV.XX Modem chipset (Conexant)• CX81801 Modem Chip• SmartDAA Integrated DAA chip• Voice Codec chip (optional)

– ISOmodem Chipset (Silicon laboratories)• Si24XX Modem Chipset• Si3015 Integrated DAA chip

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Modem Chipset (cont)Modem Chipset (cont)Features SmartV.XX ISOmodemIntegrated DAA X XCaller Id X XProgrammable Firmware X XFax X ?DTMF detection X ?Call Waiting detection X ?Package 128 pin TQFP 24 pin TQFPCODEC included X XAvailability ? ?Price ? ?Meet Australian Telephone Standards X X

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Connectivity and External DevicesConnectivity and External Devices

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Connectivity OptionsConnectivity Options

Need to allow connectivity for external I/O devices such as keyboards, printers, scanners etc

Also need to allow for network/LAN connectivity

Trade-off between flexibility and complexity/price

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External I/O DevicesExternal I/O Devices

USB ports – almost all types of I/O devices nowadays connect via the USB port(eg-printers, keyboards etc)

Standard serial port – Unlikely to be used, but is there if necessary

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External I/O Devices (cont)External I/O Devices (cont)

Infrared interface – Convenient for wireless keyboards and mice

Our design will probably directly support a PS/2 keyboard interface through the use of an AVR chip

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Network ConnectivityNetwork Connectivity

Main requirements are flexibility and high bandwidth (>56kbps)

Standard 10/100BaseT ethernet/LAN interface

PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN

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Network Connectivity (cont)Network Connectivity (cont)

Fallback option of external modems/routers/hubs that can be connected via the ethernet or USB ports

Considered built-in ADSL modem but this doesn’t seem feasible

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Connectivity Design ChallengesConnectivity Design Challenges

Ideally would like to directly support as many network and I/O devices/options as possible

External devices such as cable/ADSL modems take up physical desk space

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Connectivity Design Challenges Connectivity Design Challenges (cont)(cont)

Writing/porting device drivers for external devices is also a problem

However, for cost and complexity reasons, convenient features like in built ADSL are not going to be supported

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Functional DiagramFunctional Diagram

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Project Progress Project Progress

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Original Schedule:Original Schedule:

Tasks wk3 wk4 wk5 wk6 wk7 wk8 wk9 wk10 wk11 wk12 wk13 wk14 wk15+

Requirements  draft   Final

Feasibility Studies        

Analysis-research

Design    

Protel Layout of PCB  

Implementation and Testing      

Operations and Evaluation    

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Current StatusCurrent Status

High-level overview of progress against schedule– On-track in finding most of the

hardware requirements– Behind in deciding POTS design – Hence, unable to begin protel design

Unexpected delays – POTS/ADSL decision

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Plan for Thesis B:Plan for Thesis B:

What we expect to accomplish in Thesis B:

A working hardware prototypeProof of Design using simple software

routinesA scope for further research after our

work, a legacy to continue building OS and further enhancements etc.

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Question Time:Question Time:

Any Questions?