Post on 24-Dec-2015
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Lesson Objectives
• Understand and be able to describe the impact of the Great War.
• Be able to discuss the major provisions of the Versailles Treaty and how this document sowed the seeds for World War II.
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Occupation of Germany
U.S. artillerymen cross the Rhine River for occupation dutyLate November 1918
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The Cost of War
Douaumont OssuaryVerdun
Contains the bones of an estimated 130,000 unidentified French and German soldiers
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Seeds of the Next War
Versailles Treaty
Influences on World War II
Lessons of World War I
Great Depression
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Treaty of Versailles
Extremely harsh conditions
• Significant territorial concessions
• Huge reparations
• Severe limitations on military
• German admission of responsibility for war
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Treaty of Versailles
Florida Holocaust Museumhttp://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/thirdreich/treaty_versailles.cfm
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Treaty of Versailles
Reparations
• 269 billion gold marks ( £ 24 billion)
• Later reduced to 132 B gold marks ( £ 6.6 B)
• Equivalent to $284 B (based on CPI)*
Many feel this led to the economic collapse of the 1920’s that sewed the seeds of Fascism
* 2005
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Treaty of Versailles
Military Provisions
• German army restricted to 100,000 men (long term contract)
• No conscription or training
• No tanks or heavy artillery
• Navy limited to 15,000 men
• 6 small battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no U-boats
• No air force
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Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt Clause
``The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.''
Article 231
Treaty of Versailles
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
(31:47 – 37:27)
Study Notes
These slides are provided to help you identify the key topics covered in the lectures. They will assist you in understanding the material but should not be your only review source.
Of equal importance are the slides leading up to these summaries. Study these preliminary slides will help you understand the context and importance of the “Buzzword” summary slides.
Another valuable review source is the study guide questions for each lesson. Some of the exam questions will come from these.
I wish you all the best of success!
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Review of the War
August 3, 1914 Germany invades Belgium; war begins
“Miracle of the Marne”; German invasion haltedSept 5-10, 1914
October 1914 Race to the Sea ends; Stalemate on Western Front
1915 Sea blockades established around UK and Germany
Feb 1915-Jan 1916 Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli)
1916 Germans accept futility of breakthrough on Western Front, adopt attrition strategy against French at Verdun
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Review of the War
Battle of Verdun (German Offensive)Feb - Dec 1916
Battle of the Somme (Allied Offensive)Jul - Nov 1916
German decision for unrestricted sub warfare1 Feb 1917
Germans withdraw to Hindenburg LineMar 1917
US declares war on Germany6 April 1917
Zimmerman Telegram revealed24 Feb 1917
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Review of the War
First American troops arrive in FranceJune 1917
Germans Spring Offensive
3 Mar 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia out of the war)
21 Mar - 18 Jul 1918
Armistice11 Nov 1918
Allies’ Hundred Days Offensive8 Aug - 11 Nov 1918
28 Jun 1919 Treaty of Versailles signed
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Phases of World War I
1914 - Maneuver and Frustration
1915 - Search for New Solutions
1916 - Attrition
1917 - Desperation and Anticipation
1918 - Dénouement