11

Class InsectaClass Insecta

22

Subphylum UniramiaSubphylum UniramiaClass Insecta (Hexapoda)Class Insecta (Hexapoda)

33

Most Abundant and DiverseMost Abundant and DiverseAnimal ClassAnimal Class

1,000,000+ 1,000,000+ species identifiedspecies identified• May be as many as May be as many as

30,000,00030,000,000 More than all other More than all other

animals combinedanimals combined

44

Distribution of InsectsDistribution of Insects

AirAir landland In the soilIn the soil Parasites Parasites

• PlantsPlants• AnimalsAnimals

FreshwaterFreshwater Not marine???Not marine???

55

Characteristics of InsectsCharacteristics of Insects

Three body regionsThree body regions• HeadHead• ThoraxThorax• AbdomenAbdomen

Three pair of legsThree pair of legs Open circulatory Open circulatory

systemsystem

66

Characteristics (cont)Characteristics (cont)

Two pair of wingsTwo pair of wings• One pair in fliesOne pair in flies• Absent in someAbsent in some

Pair of compound Pair of compound eyeseyes

Spiracles for Spiracles for respiration respiration

77

Centipede and SymphylaCentipede and Symphyla

88

Insect EvolutionInsect Evolution

99

1010

1111

1212

Chewing Mouthparts

1313

Piercing Mouthparts

1414

Siphoning Mouthparts

1515

Sponging Mouthparts

1616

1717

1818

Insect abdomenInsect abdomen

TergumTergum

SternumSternumPleuralPleuralmembranemembrane

OvipositorOvipositor

CercusCercus

SpiracleSpiracle

1919

2020

2121

Insect Excretion

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

2222

Internal AnatomyInternal Anatomy

2323

2424

2525

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Complete Metamorphosis

From Raven/Johnson, Biology, 3rd ed., Copyright © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

2626

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Incomplete Metamorphosis

From Hickman/Roberts/Larson, Integrated Principles of Zoology, 11th ed., Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

2727

Digger WaspDigger Wasp

2828

Paralyzes PreyParalyzes Prey

2929

3030

3131

3232

Social InsectsSocial Insects

Live in coloniesLive in colonies QueenQueen KingKing SoldiersSoldiers WorkersWorkers

3333

Insect SocietiesInsect Societies

3434

Casts in a Bee HiveCasts in a Bee Hive

QueenQueen• Lays eggsLays eggs• Queen substanceQueen substance

WorkerWorker• Builds hiveBuilds hive• Takes care of eggsTakes care of eggs• Attends to queenAttends to queen• Royal jellyRoyal jelly

DroneDrone• Fertilizes queenFertilizes queen

3535

Become a Queen!Become a Queen!

3636

SwarmSwarm

New queen New queen Leaves with Leaves with

part of the hive part of the hive to start a new to start a new colonycolony

3737

3838

HoneyHoney

3939

Ant ColonyAnt Colony

4040

Casts in an Ant ColonyCasts in an Ant Colony

4141

Ant PheremonesAnt Pheremones

AlarmAlarm Food trailFood trail

4242

4343

4444

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Honey beeHoney bee• HoneyHoney• Pollinates cropsPollinates crops

4545

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Lady bugLady bug Eats harmful Eats harmful

insectsinsects

4646

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Silkworm mothSilkworm moth Lava produces silkLava produces silk

4747

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Breakdown dungBreakdown dung

4848

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Blow flyBlow fly Decompose dead bodiesDecompose dead bodies

4949

Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects

Ichneumonid Ichneumonid waspswasps

Kill harmful insectsKill harmful insects

5050

Fruit FlyFruit Fly

DrosophilaDrosophila Genetics researchGenetics research

5151

Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects

Tent catepillarTent catepillar Pest of many trees and shrubsPest of many trees and shrubs

5252

Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects

Boll weevilBoll weevil Destroys cottonDestroys cotton

5353

Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects

MosquitosMosquitos VectorVector

• MalariaMalaria• Yellow feverYellow fever• EncephalitisEncephalitis• West Nile virusWest Nile virus

5454

Harmful InsectsHarmful Insects

FleaFlea Vector forVector for

• PlaguePlague

5555

Xenopsylla cheopisXenopsylla cheopis

Rat fleaRat flea Vector for plagueVector for plague

5656

Black DeathBlack Death

1357-1350 killed 1357-1350 killed 25,000,000 in 25,000,000 in EuropeEurope

1900’s killed 1900’s killed 20,000,000 in India20,000,000 in India

5757

BubosBubos

5858

Plague SurvivorPlague Survivor

5959

6060

Alexandre YersinAlexandre Yersin

Discovered Discovered bacteriumbacterium

Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis

6161

Insect OrdersInsect Orders

6262

Order CollembelaOrder Collembela

SpringtailsSpringtails 5mm long5mm long Furcula for jumpingFurcula for jumping No wingsNo wings

6363

Order ThysanuraOrder Thysanura

FirebratsFirebrats No wingsNo wings

6464

Order OdonotaOrder Odonota

Dragon fliesDragon flies Damsel fliesDamsel flies Two pair of large Two pair of large

wingswings

6565

Order OrthopteraOrder Orthoptera

GrasshopperGrasshopper CockroachCockroach Praying Praying

mantismantis CricketCricket

6666

Order DermapteraOrder Dermaptera

EarwigsEarwigs Forceps-like cerciForceps-like cerci Short wingsShort wings

6767

Order IsopteraOrder Isoptera

TermitesTermites WhiteWhite Broad waistBroad waist Winged and Winged and

winglesswingless

6868

Order HomopteraOrder Homoptera

CicadaCicada AphidsAphids Leaf hoppersLeaf hoppers Roof-like wingsRoof-like wings

6969

Order HemipteraOrder Hemiptera

True bugsTrue bugs Front wingFront wing

• Basal portion is Basal portion is leatheryleathery

• Apical portion of Apical portion of wing is wing is membranousmembranous

7070

Order ColeopteraOrder Coleoptera

BeetlesBeetles 350,000+ species350,000+ species Hard front wings Hard front wings

meet midlinemeet midline Back wings Back wings

membranousmembranous

7171

Order LepidopteraOrder Lepidoptera

ButterfliesButterflies• Knobbed antennaeKnobbed antennae

MothsMoths Scales on wingsScales on wings Larva are Larva are

catepillarscatepillars

7272

Order DipteraOrder Diptera

FliesFlies MosquitoesMosquitoes One pair of wingsOne pair of wings

7373

Order HymenopteraOrder Hymenoptera

BeesBees WaspsWasps AntsAnts Four membranous Four membranous

wingswings Narrow waistNarrow waist

7474

Order AnopluraOrder Anoplura

LiceLice No wingsNo wings Single clawSingle claw Sucking mouth Sucking mouth

partsparts parasitesparasites

7575

Order SiphonapteraOrder Siphonaptera

FleasFleas Flattened laterallyFlattened laterally Spines on legs and Spines on legs and

bodybody ParasitesParasites

7676

The EndThe End