015 BIRTH OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE

• Machine Age– Machine tamed, adapted to everyday life– Machine worship

• Materials– Visual aesthetic – machine housings– “House is a machine for living in”

• Modernist Doctrine– Mechanomorphic architecture = Man’s salvation– Embodied revolution– Models: Architecture as sculpture, Architecture as painting

19TH CENTURY FORERUNNERS

• Viollet – Le – Duc – Intellectual, artistic– Rebellious, refused Beaux-artes study– Rationalist architecture

• William Morris– Reformist, moral passion– Anti-industrialist and anti-historical– Emphasized craftsmanship

• Red House, 1859, designed by Philip Webb

• ENGLISH DOMESTIC REVIVAL: 1870 – 1900• Based on small cottages, agrarian and modest monastic buildings

• Informal and asymmetrical – comfortable

• Exuded English tradition

• Based on 16yh and 17th century England

– Old English – Rustic• Richard Norman Shaw

– Leyswood, Sussex, England 1868» Picturesque, saddle roofs, chimney stacks» Studied composition with rhythms, asymmetries.

– Queen Anne – Formal• Shaw’s House - 1874

• Houses at Shackleford – 1897– Charles Voysey

LEYSWOOD 1868

BEDFORD PARK HOUSE - QUEEN ANNE

The Orchard

Charles Voysey

• Shingle Style U.S.– Blending of Queen Anne and Old English– Desire to retreat to non-industrial setting– Wood framing with more freedom in plan, mass and

decoration– Wooden shingles, traditional American material

• McKim, Mead, and White– Newcomb House – 1880– William G. Low House - 1887

• Peabody and Stearns– Kragsyde

• Henry Hobson Richardson– Trained at Ecole des Beaux-Artes– Last great traditional architect– Noted for stone construction design

• Stoughton House 1882

• Richardsonian Romanesque– Rustication, rounded arches, and colonnettes

• Trinity Church, Boston 1873

• Marshall Field Warehouse, Chicago 1885