TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA IN THE GLOBAL TECTONIC POSITION

Saull (1986) pointed out that no global tectonic model should ever be considered definitive,

because geological and geophysical observations are nearly always open to alternative

explanations.

INDONESIA POSITION GLOBAL PLATE-TECTONICS

PLATE TECTONICS THEORY (1960)

1. Spreading center 2. Transform fault 3Subduction zone

PLATE TECTONIC SETTINGN OF INDONESIAN REGION

PAC

AUS

ERASIA

• THE MOST ACTIVE TECTONIC REGION

• INTERACTION THREE MAJOR PLATES

• COMPLEX TECTONIC HISTORY

• INVOLVING NUMEROUS MICRO-PLATES

BATHYMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY

FISIOGRAFI WILAYAH INDONESIA YANG MEMPERLIHATKAN DISTRIBUSI DARI BENUA DAN

SAMUDRA

SEISMOTECTONIC MAP OF INDONESIA

Crustal motions from GPS study (Bock et al, 2004) & TECTONICS of INDONESIA

India-Australian Plate

Eurasian Plate

Pacific Plate

5-6 cm/yr

12 cm/yr

GRAVITY MAP

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

EXISTING BASIN DISTRIBUTION MAP

• 60 POTENTIAL TERTIARY BASIN (IAGI – BPPKA)• CONCEPT OF BASIN CLASSIFICATION

• NEWLY DISCOVERED BASIN

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BASIN TYPE OF INDONESIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

Benjamin Clements & Robert Hall (2007)

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 23

PETA CEKUNGAN 86 INDONESIA (BPMIGAS 2008)

Sumur

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 25BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 26BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 27BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 28BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 29BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 30BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 31BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB 2008

TERTIARY BASIN DISTRIBUTION MAP AND THEIR PETROLEUM OCCURENCES

(Pertamina / UNOCAL, 1997)

PUBLISHED SEDIMENT THICKNESS MAP

• GENERATE ISOPACH MAP

INONESIA PLATE TECTONIC MAP AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION

Katili, 1980

THE PLATE-TECTONIC CONFIGURATION OF INDONESIA AND SURROUNDINGS (KATILI 1980)

0 400 km

TECTONICS AND STRUCTURES OF INDONESIA (SIMANDJUNTAK & BARBER 1996)

CONTINENTAL CRUST

TRANSITIONALCRUST

OCEANIC CRUST

SUTURE

CONTINENTAL CRUST

CONTINENTAL CRUST

TRANSITIONALCRUST

OCEANIC CRUST

SUTURE

CONTINENTAL CRUST

PETA TEKTONIK

MAP SHOWING VARIOUS TIMING OF MAJOR TECTONIC ACTIVITIES IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AFTER SCHEREUS (1996)

Late Cretaceous to early Eocene (100-56 Ma)Regional metamorphism generated by subduction and evolution of the Meratus arc. Deformation, uplift, erosion and cooling occurred in the Paleocene Eocene (50-40 Ma) Indian plate collides with Eurasian coupled with change in relative plate motions of the Pacific plate. This gives rise to dextral wrenching of the southern margin of the Sunda craton.

Mid Oligocene (34-30 Ma) South China Sea rifting and accretion in northern Kalimantan. The New Guinea margin of the Australian plate collides with several arc complexes.

Mid Miocene (17-10 Ma) South China Sea rifting ceases with the collision of continental derived Gondwana fragments (northern Australia/Western Papua) against the eastern Sunda margin.

Late Miocene (7-5 Ma)Northwest Australia collides with the Sunda craton with development of the Sunda trench and Indonesian arc.

TECTONIC MAP OF INDONESIA

PETA TEKTONIK

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

MOST RECENT TECTONIC MAP (2008)

METCALFE, 2009;

10 Ma

36 Ma

55 Ma

71 Ma

60 70 80 90

40

30

20

10

30

20

0

10

DRIFT OF THE INDIANSUB-PLATE

STRU13

HAINAN

MACCLESFIELD B A N K

REEDBANK

LUZON

ACCRETED CRUST

OCEANIC CRUSTMINDORO

PALAW

AN

THINNED CONTINENTAL CRUST

S A B A H

SULU BASIN

SULAWESI BASIN

C H I N A

CONTINENTAL CRUST

11

8

Magnetic Anomaly

5e5d

8

Magnetic stripes

PACIFIC

BASIN

S e a m o u n t s

SOUTH CHINA SEA BASIN

500 km

TAIWAN

I N D O -C H I N A

MAJOR TERTIARY PLATE TECTONIC MOTIONS

1. EXTRUSION OF INDOSINIA THROUGH COLLISION OF INDIAN SUBPLATE WITH EURASIA2. OPENING OF SOUTH-CHINA SEA BASIN3. PACIFIC PLATE PUSHING WEST

1

2

2

2

2

1-2

SUNDA TRENCH

C H I N A

INDIA

SOUTH CHINA SEA BASIN

MALAY BASIN

3

11

PHILIPPINE PLATE

AUSTRALIA - INDIAN OCEAN

PLATE

ALTYN FAULT

ANDAMAN BASIN

EXTRUSION TECTONICS

P. TAPPONNIER et al. 1982.

TEK9a

SC

IC

Su

Me

SC SOUTH CHINA

ICINDOCHINA

MeMENTAWEI

SuSUNDALAND

BASIN AGES OF SUNDA LAND CORE

Benjamin Clements & Robert Hall (2007)

(VARIOUS SOURCES

MAJOR STRUCTURES OF INDONESIAN REGIONS

PEMBAHAGIAN FISIOGRAFI

BATHYMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHY

SUNDALAND

AUSTRALIA

TECTONIC ELEMENTS • SUNDALAND (WESTERN PART)• AUSTRALIA (EASTERN PART)• PACIFIC OCEANIC CRUST

PLATE TECTONIC SETTING OF INDONESIAN REGION

PACIFIC

WESTERN INDONESIA EASTERN INDONESIA

200

M

GUNTORO 1996

NEW PROPOSED INDONESIAN TECTONIC REGIONS

• 4 (FOUR) INDONESIAN TECTONIC REGIONS• SUNDA • BANDA• PACIFIC

• AUSTRALIAN

KERANGKA TEKTONIK

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

PETA TEKTONIK

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

PETA BATAS CEKUNGAN

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

• 83 BASIN • 23 NEWLY RECOGNIZED BASIN

PETA TEKTONIK DAN CEKUNGAN

BPMIGAS-LAPI ITB (2008)

TECTONIC REGIONS

PAC

AUS

ERASIA

INDO-AUS

SUNDALAND

1

2 3

4

Western Indonesia

Eastern Indonesia

Central Indonesia

TECTONIC ELEMENTS (FREE AIR GRAVITY)

ERUESIA PLATE AND FRAGMENT DOCKING

R. Hall and Sevastjanova, I., 2012

BASEMENT COMPOSITION

PALEOZOIC – MESOZOIC TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION

CENOZOIC TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTION

HALL (1996)

Tectonics configuration of Indonesian archipelago located in the three major plates. Tectonically Indonesian in divided into western Indonesian (of asian affinities), and eastern Indonesia of Australian affinities

Regional Tectonics

Plate reconstruction of Indonesian region showing in

the Mesozoic Kalimantan, East Java and SW Sulawesi is

part of a single microcontinent which then break apart to the present

position. The East Sulawesi is still far away and was part of

Australian Plate.

(Robert Hall, 1996)

Regional Tectonics

(Robert Hall, 1996)

Plate recontruction from 30 – 15 Ma showing the sequence

movement of East Sulawesi to collide with West Sulawesi.

Regional Tectonics

(Robert Hall, 1996)

Plate reconstruction from 10 and 5 Ma showing the event of Banggai Sula collison and timing of the ophilite emplacement to

north of east Sulawesi

Regional Tectonics

Howes (2000)

Howes (2000)

Howes (2000)

Howes (2000)

Howes (2000)

GO TO EAST &GO DEEPER

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 75

CADANGAN MIGAS NASIONALSTATUS 01-01-2012

821.44

554.43

402.17

598.53

66.06

969.65

20.23

48.513,685.95

OIL REMAINING RESERVE (MMSTB)PROVEN (P1) = 3,741.33POTENTIAL (P2+P3) = 3,666.90TOTAL (3P) = 7,408.23

GAS REMAINING RESERVE (TSCF)PROVEN (P1) = 103.35POTENTIAL (P2+P3) = 47.35TOTAL (3P) = 150.70

9.28

16.03

2.985.26

50.27

16.652.57 24.14

15.217.48

Oil and Gas Reserve (3P)

108.49

125.29

7.08

1.23

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL 76

CEKUNGAN MIGAS INDONESIA

Kawasan Barat Indonesia Kawasan Timur Indonesia

• Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan Papua, Ceram, Sulawesi Lengan Barat Sulawesi, Bali-NTB Maluku, NTT• Tersier – Kwarter Paleozoikum – Kwarter• Paparan Sunda Paparan Sahul (Northern

Australian Basin• Extensional – Transform Extensional-Compressional-

Transform• Back Arc Basin – Passive Margin Passive – Active Margin• Darat – Laut dangkal Darat – Laut dalam• Matured – Fully Matured Less Matured – Virgin • Infrastruktur Cukup Terbatas• Program EOR – Stratigraphic Trap Program Eksplorasi

Regional Tectonic Framework of Western Indonesia

Koesoemadinata & Pulunggono (1971)

Katili (1981)

North Sumatra Basin

South Sumatra Basin

Central Sumatra Basin

Sedimentary basins of Sumatra Schlumberger (1986)

Samuel & Gultom, 1984

Tectonic setting of Sumatra Darman and Sidi (2000)

From Tectonic to EconomicTectonic

Basin History

Petroleum System

Resources

Economic

Natural Resources Extraction Anatomy

EngineeringScience

Economy NaturalResources

SocialPolitics

The foundation of resources extraction is science. The knowledge of how, where, how much of the natural resources resides at a place.

EngineeringScience

Economy NaturalResources

SocialPolitics

Economic Resources Petroleum System Basin History Tectonic

•

KESIMPULAN TEKTONIK DAN BASIN

• Tektonik lempeng sebagai dasar klasifikasi dan penyebaran cekungan sedimentasi Indonesia (modifikasi klasifikasi dari Dickinson, 1974; Koesoemadinata, 1978).

• Batas lempeng, jenis kerak dan interaksi lempeng secara langsung mengontrol penyebaran cekungan dan juga tingkat kematangan hidrokarbon.

• Cekungan Indonesia dipetakan sebagai cekungan sedimentasi dengan penekanan khusus pada keberadaan hidrokarbon.

• Interpretasi tektonik dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model regional dari rekonstruksi tektonik Asia Tenggara (misalnya MetCalf, 1996); Hall, 2000).

• Kerak bumi diklasifikasikan sebagai (modifikasi Kingston, 1988): 1. Kerak kontinen (Continental crust)2. Rafted remnants3. Active orogens4. Sub continental crust5. Oceanic crust

• Indonesian Tectonic region:

- Sunda Tectonic Region- Central Region (micro-plate dominated)- Australian Region- Pacific Region

• Penarikan batas dan klasifikasi cekungan didasarkan pada: 1. Tektonik lempeng yang mengontrol pembentukan cekungan2. Mekanisme penurunan kerak dan jenis kerak (Basement)3. Struktur geologi dari batuan dasar cekungan (Basement Configuration)4. Evolusi dari basin termasuk struktur dan lingkungan pengendapan (Poly

History Basin)5. Keberadaan hidrokarbon (petroleum system; shows etc.)6. Nilai ekonomis cekungan (portofolio basin; leads and prospect) • Klasifikasi Cekungan Indonesia yang baru menghasilkan 83 cekungan dengan penambahan 23 cekungan baru (proposed); 16 produced, 9 with shows, 45 frontier. 

KESIMPULAN TEKTONIK DAN BASIN