The Study of Life

Bio logy (Greek)

Life Study of

But what is life???http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juxLuo-sH6M&noredirect=1

What are some examples of living things?

Humans Plants Insects Mold Bacteria

What about these things?Rocks, bicycles, books

Biologists have created a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things

All living things…..All living things…..

1.1. Are made of one or more Are made of one or more CellsCells

2.2. ReproduceReproduce

3.3. Obtain and Obtain and Use EnergyUse Energy

4.4. RespondRespond to their Environment to their Environment

5.5. GrowGrow and and DevelopDevelop

6.6. AdaptAdapt Through Evolution Through Evolution

CellsCells are basic structural units of are basic structural units of life. life. Smallest unit capable of all Smallest unit capable of all life life functions. functions. Cells are the building blocks of Cells are the building blocks of all all organismsorganisms = living things. = living things.

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html

Two types of Organisms:Two types of Organisms:

UnicellularUnicellular Organisms Organisms

Entire organism is Entire organism is made up of made up of oneone single single cellcell

Bacteria and protistsBacteria and protists

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2010/03/04/i-for-one-welcome-our-microbial-

overlords/http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/bacteria.html

UniCellular

Multicellular Multicellular OrganismsOrganismsThe organism is The organism is made up of many made up of many cellscells

Cells have Cells have specialized functions specialized functions within the organismwithin the organism

Epithelial cells (like inside your cheek)http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/pickenc/BY30%20Histology.htm

MultiCellular

ReproductionReproduction is the process of producing new organisms is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. of the same type.

Asexual Asexual ReproductionReproduction

OneOne parent parent organism reproducing organism reproducing by itselfby itself

SexualSexual ReproductionReproduction

TwoTwo different parent different parent organisms contribute genetic organisms contribute genetic information information

Involves the combination Involves the combination of of malemale and and femalefemale sex cells sex cells

Asexual

Sexual: a new genetic combination

Living organisms need energy to grow, Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproducedevelop, repair damage, and reproduce

AnabolismAnabolism

The process of The process of building up building up complex substances complex substances from simpler substancesfrom simpler substances

Building up cells and cellular components

Photosynthesis

http://www.fourcroy.org/biology/chapters/05photoresp/02.html

CatabolismCatabolism

The process of The process of breaking down breaking down complex complex substances into simpler substances to release substances into simpler substances to release energyenergy

DigestionDigestion

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

3. All Living Things Obtain and 3. All Living Things Obtain and Use EnergyUse Energy

Metabolism: the sum total of all the chemical reactions in your body

Anabolism + Catabolism =Metabolism!!!

http://manet.illinois.edu/pathways.php

Organisms react to stimuli:Organisms react to stimuli:

LightLight

TemperatureTemperature

OdorOdor

Sound Sound

GravityGravity

HeatHeat

WaterWater

PressurePressure

An example is a plant’s An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing leaves and stems growing toward lighttoward light

A stable state of conditions in the body that A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for lifeare necessary for life

Body temperatureBody temperature

Blood volumeBlood volume

pH balancepH balance

Water balanceWater balance

Stable Interior

Even though exterior conditions are changing

Growth means to get Growth means to get biggerbigger in size in size

Development involves a Development involves a changechange in the physical form in the physical form or make-up of an organismor make-up of an organism

Example: Frog metamorphosis A frog begins as a single cell in a

fertilized egg, then grows into a tadpole, and eventually into a fully grown frog.

http://www.dec.ny.gov/pubs/32885.html

Development

AdaptationAdaptationA process that enables organisms to become A process that enables organisms to become better suited better suited to to their environmenttheir environment

Species obtain adaptations through Species obtain adaptations through evolutionevolution over great over great periods of timeperiods of time

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_51

An Example of AdaptationAn Example of Adaptation

Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water lossstems to store water and reduce water loss

http://www.firstschoolyears.com/science/resources/games/ourselves/living/living.htm (sorting)

http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.colt.alive//

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvMBJZLEwFs&feature=related (movie)