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: 3000
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29) OECD (123), (5), (131), (70), (2), (227) . OECD, Development Co-Operation Report 2009, p. 141.
30) 2008 3 DAC ODA , ODA (type), (amount) Special Review (note) .
31) 3 .
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.
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35) Ibid, p. 141.
36) DAC OECD DCD/DAC, Reporting Directives for the Creditor Reporting System, Sep. 2007, 3, pp. 82~86 .
37) ODA Ibid, 4. pp. 87~90 .
2-
29
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.
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110
120
130
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210
220
230
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310
320
330
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420
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32
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33
.
1990
1995 .
1995
.
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.
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34
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WHO 12100
UNICEF 12100
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1995 . 1999
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5:5 .44)
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44) 2007 7():3() , 2008 5:5 .
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45) 2000 7 (7 ) 33.8 2008 37 (40 ) 107.6 . 2005 5 50 2008 18.8 . , 2007 4 33.6 2008 4 33.6 . , 2008 , pp. 51~63 .
46) , 2009 (: , 2009), pp. 136~140 .
36
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72040 ,
73010 , ,
5.
.
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47) , , . DAC CRS OECD .
2-
39
3
40
1.
(transparency)48)
.
( )
,
(recipient states)
.
, .
.
1990 (capacity)
(development & building) ,
(ownership) ,
(partnership) (policy dialogue)
48) . , , . 1998 1 5 ( ) , , . , 1998 1 21.
(Transparency International) 1995 (CPI: Corruption Perceptions Index) , (BPI: Bribe Payers Perceptions Index) (GCB: Global Corruption Barometer) . . , . , ODA , ODA ? ( 2008 , 2008), pp. 28~33 .
3-
41
(participatory process) .49)
(monitoring) (evaluation)
,
.
. ,
,
. , (Pearson Report)50)
9.11
,
.
,
, ,
.51)
49) (Highly Indebted and Poor Countries: HIPCs) (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: PRSP) . .
50) (Pearson Report) World Bank 1968 8 1969 . (Parterers in Development) 68 , 1957 1980 ( ) GNP 0.7% . 2%
. 2 . World Bank, Information and Communications for Development 2009: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact (Washington D.C.: World
Bank, 2009), pp. 11~19.; World bank, World Development Report, 2006: Equity and Development Overview (Washington, D.C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2006), pp. 9~17.; World Bank IEG, Engaging with Fragile States: An IEG Review of World Bank Support to Low Income Countries Under Stress (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 2006), pp. 21~23. Available at: .
51) , , , . , (: , 2008), pp. 11~12 .
42
. (project and program aid),
(technical cooperation), (budget support), (debt relief),
(food aid), (emergency and distress relief),
(aid programming), NGO
.
.
. .
,
(recipient states)
,
. ,
.52)
,
.
.
.
.53)
2005
. 90 OECD, World Bank, IMF
52) Steven Radalet, A Primer on Foreign Aid, Center for Global Development Working Paper, No. 92. (July 2006), p. 7.
53) Dambisa Moyo. . . Bono . 60 3 . 1970 10% 70% 2 . , . 5 . Dambisa Moyo, Dead Aid: Why aid is not working and how there is another way for Africa? (London: Allen Lane, 2009), pp. 11~19.
3-
43
, NGO
.54)
,
,
.
.
: (ownership), (capacity development),
(alignment)
(harmonization)
(managing for results) (mutual accountability)
,
(transparency)
.
(participatory approach)
,
(project cycle)
.
.
54) (Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness: Ownership, Harmonization, Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability, 2005). , , pp. 51~54.
44
.
(project cycle)
,
.
2.
.
(anti-corruption) (transparency)
. (transparency), (accountability), (integrity)
(Transparency International, TI)
(Global Corruption
Barometer, GCB) ,
.55)
TI ( )
(Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI) ( )
(Bribe Payers Index, BPI)
.56)
55) GCB , . , , TI Gallop International . .
56) (CPI: Corruption Perception Index) 1995 TI , , . CPI 10 2009 5.5(39/180) . 7 , 3 . , 2009 11 18 . 7 , 3 . (BPI: Bribe Payers Index) , , . CPI , BPI , 2006 5.83 (21/30). .
3-
45
.
. 2
.
.
1970 IMF
.
1989
(Sub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable
Growth)
.57)
. 1997 OECD
1998 (Principals for Managing Ethics in the
Public Service) ,58) UN 2005 UN(United Nations
Convention Against Corruption, UNCAC) .59)
57) OECD, OECD Working Papers: OECD Symposium of Corruption and Good Governance, (2003), p. 9. .
58) OECD (the Public Management Committee) 1998 5 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . OECD, Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service: OECD Recomandation, PUMA Policy Brief No. 4 (May 1998) .
59) UN 2005 12 . , 141 , . 2003 12 9 2008 3 27 108 . UN UN , OECD . .
46
.
.
3 ,
, .60)
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
, ,
,
.61)
OECD .62)
.
. .
.
.
60) Kenneth J. Meire and Thomas M. Holbrook, I seen my opportunities and I took em: Political corruption in the American states, The Journal of Politics vol. 54. No. 1(1992), pp. 135~136.
61) OECD, An agenda for collective action for improving governance to fight corruption (Paris: OECD, 2008), pp. 1~2. Available at: .
62) OECD, Policy Paper and Principles on Anti-Corruption: Setting an Agenda for Collective Action (Paris: OECD, 2007), pp. 15~17. Available at: .
3-
47
NGO
. .
,
,
,
.63)
, , ,
, , ,
.
64)
63) OECD (weak governance or poor governance) , . OECD, An agenda for collective action for improving governance to fight corruption, pp. 1~3. Available at: .
64) , , ( 2003 , 2003), p. 202.
48
OECD
65)
NGO
()
. ,
,
,
65) , (, 2008), pp. 106~107.
3-
49
.
, (good governance)
.
(Putnam)
, ,
.66) (public goods)
, .
.
, ,
.
,
.
.
.67) , ,
,
.
, , ,
.
OECD
66) Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), pp. 12~13.
67) World Bank, Governance, the World Banks Experience (Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1994), p. 14.
50
,68)
, .
UNDP
, , ,
, , .69)
.
.
.
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.70)
,
(capacity building), (result-oriented management),
, , ,
.71)
(Country Assistance
Strategy: CAS) ,
. , , ,
, ,
68) OECD, Participatory Development and Good Governance (Paris: OECD, 1995), p. 14.
69) UNDP, Governance for Sustainable Human Development (New York: UNDP, 1997), pp. 2~3.
70) Anwar Shah and Mark Schacter, Combating Corruption: Looking before You Lean, Finance and Development Vol. 41. No. 4. (2004), p. 40.
71) Ibid., pp. 41~43.
3-
51
, ,
, , ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
,
.72)
73)
good governance
(Putnam)
, , ,
.
72) Ivar Kolstad, Verena Fritz and Tam O'Nell, Corruption, Anti-Corruption Efforts and Aid, Working Paper of The Advisory Board for Irish Aid (Jan. 2009), pp. 39~43.
73) The World Bank, Improving Governance and Controlling Corruption (Washington D.C.: World Bank Institute, 2001), p. 8.
52
.
.
.
.
,
.
3-
53
74)
.
. (evaluation) , ,
, , (), , , ,
, OECD/DAC ,
, ,
.75) OECD/DAC
74) OECD, Policy Paper and Principles on Anti-Corruption: Setting an Agenda for Collective Action (Paris: OECD, 2007), p. 21. Available at: .
75) OECD, OECD/DAC Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance (Paris: OECD, 1999), p. 3.
54
, , ,
.76)
OECD DAC 5
.77)
(Relevance)
/ , ? (
, , )
(Efficiency)
Input Output ? (
, , , )
(Effectiveness)
? ( ,
/ , / )
(Impact)
( ), ( )
( ) ( , ,
)
(Sustainability)
? (
, , )
OECD DAC 2006
. ,
76) (lessons learning) (accountability). , , (Financial Accountability) (Performance Accountability) . (Summative Evaluation) , (Formative Evaluation) . Ibid., p. 4.
77) OECD/DAC, Evaluation Systems and Use: a Working Tool for Peer Reviews and Assessment (Paris: OECD/DAC, 2006), pp. 3~4. Available at: .
3-
55
5 12
(Ownership)
1. - ,
201 75%
(Alignment)
2. - (PFM)
50%
3. -
85%
4. 50%
8 .78)
.
2005 3 91
(High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness)
, (Paris Declaration on Aid
Effectiveness) , 2003
2004
.
(partnership commitment)
, 2010
(timeline) 5 12
.79) .
-5, 12
78) 8 , , , , , . OECD/DAC, Evaluation Systems and Use: a Working Tool for Peer Reviews and Assessment, pp. 6~9. Available at: .
79) OECD, The Paris Declaration (Development Cooperation Directorate, 2005) Available at .
56
- (- ) (%)
5. -
- 100%
- PFM
(1/3~2/3)
6. (PIU) -
2/3
7. -
75%
8. -
(Harmonization)
9. -
66%
10. -
40% 66%
(Managing for
Results)
11. -
75%
(Mutual
Accountability
12. -
100%
.
(Performance
-Based Allocation System: PBA) .
(International Development Association: IDA)
(Country Performance Rating: CPR) ,
IDA (Country Policy and
Institutional Assessment: CPIA) , .
3-
57
IDA CPIA 80)
(clusters) (criteria)
(Economic Management)
1. 2. 3.
25%
(Structural Policies)
4. 5. 6.
25%
, (Policies for Social
Inclusion/Equity)
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
25%
(Public Sector Management
and Institutions)
12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ,
25%
.
. (project cycle)
(project
cycle)
. UNDP 4, (JICA) 5,
USAID 3, OECD/DAC 7
80) International Development Association, IDAs Performance-Based Allocation System: Options for Symplifying the Formular and Reducing Volatilty (Washington D. C.: World Bank, 2007). , (: , 2008), p. 45 .
58
.81)
.
6 .
(identification) (preparation) (appraisal)
(negotiation & approval) (implementation
& supervision) (evaluation) ,
.
.82)
(1) (identification)
(Country Assistance Strategy:
CAS) . CAS
.
CAS
, , ,
(Project Concept Note: PCN) ,
4~5 (Project Information
Document: PID) .
83)(International Development Association: IDA)
81) UNDP 4 , JICA 5 . USAID 3, OECD/DAC 7 R/D . OECD, OECD/DAC Review of the DAC Principles for Evaluation of Development Assistance (Paris: OECD, 2007), pp. 13~16.
82) Ibid., pp. 40~42.
83) (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development: IBRD) (International Development Association: IDA) . IBRD 1 GNI 2005 6,055
3-
59
(Poverty Reduction
Strategy Paper: PSRP) CAS ,
.
(Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet) PID
.
.
(2) (preparation)
, , ,
, ,
. .
(Envionment Assesment Report),
(Indigenous People Development Plan),
(Environment Action Plan) ,
.
(3) (appraisal)
.
3~4 ,
. (Project Appraisal Document),
(Program Document)
.
, IDA 1 GNI 1025 . , ODA , ODA ? ( 2008 , 2008), pp. 28~33; World bank, World Development Report, 2008: Equity and Development Overview (Washington D.C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2008), pp. 13~44 . Available at: .
60
PID
.
(Project Appraisal Document) (Program Document)
.
(4) (negotiation & approval)
(negotiation & approval)
,
(Board of
Executive Directors) .
(Memorandum of the President)
.
(Technical Annex)
.
(Loan Agreement; L/A) .
(5) (implementation & supervision)
.
.
,
.
.
(Report on the Status of Project in Execution)
.
3-
61
, ,
(Implementation Completion Report)
.
(6) (evaluation)
(project cycle)
.
(Operations Evaluation Department: OED)
(Project Completion Report)
.
1/4(
70) OED
(Project Performance Assessment Report) .
5~8
(Impact Evaluation Report) . OED
(Inspection Panel Report)
.
.
.
62
84)
(identification)
CAS PCN
Country Assistance
Strategy (CAS)
Project Concept Note
(PCN)
, , ,
PCN PID
Project Information
Document(PID)
Integrated Safeguards Data
SheetPID
(preparation)
, , , , .
Environmental Assessment
Report
3
Indigenous People
Development Plan
Environmental Action Plan
(appraisal)
Project Appraisal
Document(PAD) or
Program Document
(negotiation,
approval)
,
PAD or Program
Document, Memorandum
of the President, and legal
documents
(Loan Agreement)
(implementation
&
supervision)
Report on the Status of
Project in Execution
,
Implementation Completion
Report
,
(evaluation)
(audit)
Project Performance
Assessment Report
OED 1/4
Impact Evaluation Report,
Inspection Panel Report
OECD 2006 2008
,
. OECD
84) , , p. 43.
3-
63
/DAC
.
OECD/DAC 85)
12
3. -
4. -
5. a. (PFM)
PFM
b.
6. (PIU)
PIU
7. -
8. -
9. - (PBA)
PBA
10. a.
b.
,
OECD/DAC
.
85) OECD, OECD/DAC Network on Development Evaluation Evaluating Development Cooperation: Summanry of Key Norms and Standards (Paris: OECD, 2009), p. 4.
64
():
():
():
():
.
.
.
, , ,
.
.
3. (project cycle)
.
,
.
,
3-
65
, , .86)
.
,
,
.87)
(project appraisal &
evaluation) .
.
,
.
,
.
,
.88)
, .
.89)
(Technical Appraisal)
(Financial Appraisal)
(Economic Appraisal)
86) , , OECD/DAC (, , ) (, , , , , ) 4 . OECD/DAC, DAC Principles for Effective Aid (Paris: OECD, 2001), p. 84.
87) Ibid., p. 6.
88) Linda G. Morra Imas et al., The Road to Results: Designing and Conducting Effective Development Evaluations (Washington D.C.: The World Bank, 2009), pp. 25~28.
89) OECD/DAC, DAC Principles for Effective Aid, p. 36.
66
(Institutional Appraisal)
(Social and Distributional Appraisal)
(Environmental Appraisal)
(capacity)
,
.
. OECD
.90)
(1) (Technical Appraisal)
, ,
, , , ,
(2) (Financial Appraisal)
:
(capacity)
(Appropriate Terms):
, , , ,
:
.
.
Local Cost :
.
90) Ibid., pp. 27~56.
3-
67
(3) (Economic Appraisal)
-(cost-benefit analysis), (shadow prices)
(effects method)
. (sensitivity analysis),
(risk analysis) .
-
, , ,
, ,
.
(4) (Institutional Appraisal)
,
.
, ,
.
, NGO
,
.
(5) , (Identification and Involvement of Target Groups and Social and Distributional Appraisal)
,
68
, , , .
(6) (Environmental Appraisal)
. -
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.91)
,
,
. ,
. ,
.
91) Linda G. Morra Imas et al., The Road to Results: Designing and Conducting Effective Development Evaluations, pp. 7~16.
3-
69
.
.
92)
,
.
,
(formal) (informal)
.
,
,
.
.
(rapid assessment)
(case study) ,
(census method) (sampling method) .93)
92) Ibid., p. 17.
93) Ibid., pp. 39~51.
70
,
.
.94)
(1) (The non-equivalent group method)
,
.
, .
(regression analysis) (the analysis of variance)
,
.
(2) (The interrupted time-series method)
.
.
.
. PCM(Project Cycle Management)
PCM ()(FASID: Foundation
for Advanced Studies on International Development) 1960
USAID Logical Framework 1983
(GTZ: German Agency for Technical Cooperation)
94) D. J. Casley and D. A. Lury, The Monitoring and Evaluation of Agriculture and Rural Development Projects (John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1992), chap. 1~3.
3-
71
(Zopp: Ziel Orientierte Project Planning)
,
.95)
PDM(Project Design Matrix)
. PCM
PDM , .
PCM 96)
95) , (, 2001), pp. 152~161 . Available at www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/ , . Michael Greer, 20 key Project Manager Actions and Results, The Project Managers Partner (Amherst, MA: HRD Press, 2001); Michael Greer, Michael Greer's Project Management Available at .
96) , p. 157.
72
Project Design Matrix97)
, ,
ODA ,
.
97) , p. 156.
3-
73
PDM
.
PDM 98)
98) , p. 158.
74
. :
518 (2007 7 ),
337,030 km2 ( 1.5), $14,576(07),
GNP $27,800, 2007
2 .99)
1961
2001
.100)
,
.
(Guidelines for Programme Design, Monitoring
and Evaluation)
.101)
99) CIA, World Fact Book (2008) Available at: .
100) .
101) Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Guidelines for Programme Design, Monitoring and Evaluation (Helsinki: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 2002) Available at .
3-
75
102)
102) Ibid., p. 15.
76
103)
. ,
.
.
103) Ibid., p. 19.
3-
77
, ()104)
(Supervisory
Board Meeting)
(Steering Committee
Meeting)
,
(General
Mandate)
: :
,
:
(Specific
Monitoring
Practices)
:
, ,
, /() ,
(Members
Responsible
for
Monitoring)
:
(Partner
countryside)
-
: , ,
(Timing)
1 4
104) Ibid., p. 23.
78
.
Logical Framework ,
,
.
,
.
105)
Logical Framework :
(Overall Objectives)
(Project purpose)
1 (Results) 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
105) Ibid., p. 29.
3-
79
1 :
1 : x 1
:
: :
x : : :
:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
1.1 xx xx
1.2 xx xx xx
1.3 xx xx
1.4 xx xx xx
2
2.1 xx xx xx
2.2 xx xx xx
2.3 xx xx xx xx
3
3.1 xx xx xx
3.2 xx xx xx
3.3 xx xx xx xx
3.4 xx xx
3.5 xx xx xx xx
2,3
80
/ ()106)
4.
,
.
106) Ibid., p. 37.
3-
81
,
, ,
.
,
.107)
. ,
(over-determinated) .
,
.
, , , ,
.
.
107) 1991 2006 15 4 1,253 94.2% 3 8,845 . , 98 , . , , 36 . , 2007 11 24.; 2004~2007 51 . , 2008 4 29.; 10 10 8 3805 . 2008 10 1 . , , ODA , ODA() ? ( 2008 ), pp. 27~57 .
82
NGO . NGO
2006~7 700 800 ,
.108)
,
. ()
, () ,
, ()
.
, () ,
,
.
.109)
()
.
, ()
,
. ,
,
(shortage economy) .
108) , NGO (, 2008), pp. 98~101 .109) ,
. ( ) (preference) .
3-
83
.110)
, ()
,
.
(ownership)
.111)
,
.
,
.
.112)
110) shortage economy J. Kornai . J. Kornai, The Socialist System-The Political Economy of Communism (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990) .
111) 24 UN, NGO, 1998 11 . , NGO , p. 96.
112) . , , 3 , . , 2009 10 16 . 2008 11 28 2008-8( ) , 2009 8 14 . 2008-8 (2009 9 21 2009-20) . , ( 10), .
84
,
.
. , , , , .
3-
85
4
86
1.
1995 .
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4-
87
.
.
.
.
.
. (MDGs)
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
2.
.
(1)
1990
. ,
88
(aid fatigue) .
.
1996 OECD DAC(: Development
Assistance Committee)
. OECD 21 (Shaping the 21st Century: The Contribution of Development Co-operation,
1996) 21 . 2015
( 1 )
. ,
(partnership) (ownership) .
2000 9 UN 189
(Millenium Declaration) ,
(MDGs) .113) , ,
, , .
.
. MDGs
(managing for results) ,
(collective impact)
.
.
DAC
. DAC
,
.114)
113) MDGs Paris21, A Better World for All, 2000, OECD , UNDP .
4-
89
2000
, .
.
(2) DAC
DAC
.
. (Monterrey Consensus, 2002)
.
. ODA
.
,
.
. 2003 8
.
. ,
, ,
( ,
), .
DAC (ownership)
2001 1 (Task Force on Donor Practice:
114) OECD/DAC, Harmonizing Donor Practices for Effective Aid Delivery (Paris: OECD, 2003).
90
TFDP) . TFDP 16
.
, , ,
.
DAC
.
,
,
,
.
2002 4 TFDP DAC (Harmonising Donor Practice for Effective Aid Delivery) . ,
, , ,
, 6
.
DAC 2003 2
() , 2000 UN (MDG) 2002
(Monterrey Consensus)
(aid harmonization) (Rome Declaration on
Harmonization, 2003) .
.
,
.
.
.
, (
) .
4-
91
4 DAC (HLM)
. .
(good practice papers) DAC ,
, (peer review)
,
.
, 2002 6 , (OECD)
(RBM: Results-Based Management)
(the 1st Intl Roundtable on
Managing for Developing Results). 2004 2
OECD DAC
2 (the 2nd Intl Roundtable
on Managing for Developing Results)
(Joint Marrakech Memorandum, 2004) .
,
. (Marrakech Memorandum)
5 .
.
, , , ,
.
.
.
.
, MDGs ,
.
.
2003 2004
92
MDGs 8
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. HIV/AIDS, 7. 8.
9
1.
2. , ,
3.
. 2005 3
5
ODA
.115)
MDGs
.
, ODA
, ODA
, ,
.
.116)
, .
.
MDGs , ,
115) 2005 4 DAC 22 101( ).
116) Catherine Elkins, Monitoring and Evaluation for Development in Peace-Precarious Situations, Prepared for The North-South Divide and International Studies 47th Annual ISA Convention, March 22~25, 2006.
4-
93
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. ,
9.
5 8
1. (Focus the dialogue on results)
2. , , (Align all activities with the agreed expected results)
3. , , (Keep the results reporting system as simple)
4. (by) (for) (Manage for, not by, results)
5. (Use results information)
1. 2. ,
,
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
.
(1)
.
2005 3 90
OECD, World Bank, IMF ,
NGO
,
(Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness:
Ownership, Harmonization, Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability,
2005) .
2000 9 UN , 2002 2
, 2003 2 , 2004 2
. 5
(Ownership),
94
(Alignment),
(Harmonization), (Managing for Results),
(Mutual Accountability) .
(ownership)
,
(alignment)
(harmonization)
, ,
(management for result)
() ,
(mutual accountability)
: 5
* : Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, Joint Progress Toward Enhanced Aid Effectiveness; High Level Forum, 2005, 2.
,
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
4-
95
(2)
2005 7 DAC
12 ,
. OECD DAC 5
5 12 .
OECD DAC
(Working Party) 12
(Baseline) .
5 12
5 12
1
2 ,
3
4
5 ( )
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 ,
* : , (: , 2008), pp. 24~25.
OECD 2006 2008
. OECD DAC
2006 31
, 2005 8 1
.
.
96
.
2008 9, (Accra) 3
(A progress report on implementing the Paris Declaration)
.117)
(Ownership)
,
. (Alignment)
,
. (Harmonization)
,
. (Managing for development
results) .
(results-oriented)
,
.
(Mutual accountability)
.
. ODA
.
.
OECD DAC (management)
117) , (: , 2008), pp. 66~71.
4-
97
(accountability) .
. . DAC 1991
.
,
. OECD DAC 1991
(relevance), (effectiveness), (efficiency), (impact),
(possibilities) 5 .
, 5
.
OCED DAC 5
() , ,
() , , ,
(, , )
() ()
.
,
. ,
.118)
, ODA
98
. (USAID) (USTDA),
(DFID), (BMZ),
(GTZ) (KfW), , ,
(AFD), , , , JICA, JBIC
.
, OECD DAC
. , , , , (sustainability)
5 .
.
DAC
.
,
, .
.
.
,
. ,
.
,
. OECD DAC ODA
,
.
. ,
. ,
.
118) , M&E , (18 1, 2009), pp. 226~228.
4-
99
DGTPE USTDA
.
USAID , USTDA
(USTDA)
.
. BMZ, GTZ,
KfW ODA
.
. . ,
.
.
, JICA, JBIC
, . ODA
.
,
,
.
. USAID
, USTDA . ,
, .
, AFD
.
, ,
.
.
100
.
5 .
. ODA
.
, (Ownership)
.
.
.
.
,
(Alignment) .
.
.
. ,
.
, (Harmonization)
. ,
,
.
.
.
4-
101
.
, (Mutual accountability)
.
. ()
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
, , UN NGO
,
.
() .
.
ODA
.
(Managing for development results)
.
.
3. ,
.
2001 2 4,797
2005 1
. 2008 4,358 ,
2009 7 1,801 .
,
102
,
.
, 6
. EU,
.
.
(UNOCHA), UNICEF, WHO, WFP
,
.
(EU)
1995
. EU EU (2002.11.19)
. EU
15% NGO . , EU
.
EU NGO, , WFP, UNESCO, WTO
.
(ODA) EU
. - (The EU-DPRK Country Stratege
Paper, 2001~2004)
EU .
.
UN 1995~2007 6,669
, 5,100 WFP .
(SDC) 1998 ,
, ,
.
4-
103
EU
.
1~2
.
, ,
(Flash Appeal) NGOs
.
,
.
(: )
1)
1995~1997 26,172 2,236 28,408 20,204
1998 1,100 2,085 3,185 21,587
1999 2,825 1,863 4,688 18,989
2000 8,139 3,238 11,377 15,310
2001 7,522 6,07 13,539 24,797
2002 8,915 4,577 13,492 22,001
2003 9,377 6,386 15,763 13,310
2004 11,541 13,250 24,791 15,158
2005 13,588 7,666 21,254 4,523
2006 22,740 7,088 29,828 1,915
2007 20,893 9,568 30,461 9,966
2008 3,996 6,460 10,456 4,358
20092) 418 2,186 2,604 1,801
: 1) (UNOCHA) Financial Tracking Database . 2005 .
2) 8, 7 .* : , , 2009.8; (UNOCHA,
Financial Tracking Database, July 31, 2009).
104
.
1995
. 1995
2006 2 9,828
(2,982 ) . 2008
1 456 (1,163 ) , 2009(8 )
2,604 (203 ) . 2008 2009
.
,
3 . 2008 8
45%, 41%, 14%
.
1999 2007
.119)
.
(1998~2002) 5 (
) 8,557 ( 6,153 , 2,404 ).
2000 6
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
. 2001
119) 1999 11.5 2007 . 2000 30 , 2001 20 , 2002 30 , 2003 30 , 2004 30 , 2005 35 , 2006 35 , 2007 30 .
4-
105
.
(2003~2007) .
,
.
5 1 8,988 (
1 4,640 , 4,348 )
. 2004
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
(1)
.
. UNDP/FAO
106
(AREP), IFAD ,
, . UNDP IFAD
.
AREP(Agricultural Recovery and Environment Plan) UNDP FAO
. UNDP
1996 32 3,800
(ARRP) . ARRP
UNDP 1998 AREP .
AREP , , ,
, AREP 5 .
AREP 20 ,
3 5,000
. 17 .120)
2000 620
.
1998 AREP 2000
. UNDP FAO
1999~2002
, 2004
.
.
2000 243 ( 6.2%), 2001 7
304 ( 5,800 5.2%), 2002 10
152 ( 5,500 2.8%) .
AREP
.
120) R/T Meeting AREP , , , . Peoples Korea, 1998.6.3.
4-
107
, (IFAD) 1995
(Sericulture Development Project), (Crop
and Livestock Rehabilitation Project), (Upland Food
Security Project) 3 . IFAD 1995
3 5,050 SDR . IFAD
(1996~2002), (1997~2003), (2001
~2008) 6,910 .
IFAD
()
(SDR)
24.25 10.45 1995.12 1996-20015 20 ,
3.4%
32.10 20.90 1997.12 1998-200310 40 ,
0.75%
41.77 19.15 2000.12 2000-200610 40 ,
0.75%
98.13 50.50
* : , (: , 2003), p. 61.
IFAD
, .
, , ,
, . 1996
6 2002 6 .
2,425 IFAD (Loan) 1,573
(1,045 SDR), (Borrower Contribution) 421 ,
(Beneficiary Contribution) 431 .
( ), IFAD,
UNOPS.
108
IFAD
1997 .
.
.
1998 1999
. ,
. 1995 4.4/ha
9.0/ha 2 , 280kg/ha
50% .
420 (210 ) ( 4) 1 100
. ,
, .
,
,
.
2001 1 11 IFAD
.
, 46
.
.
, ,
, , . 4,177
IFAD 2,444 , 444 ,
571 , WFP, UNDP, FAO, , CESVI
718 . ,
UNOPS IFAD
4-
109
. 2001 11% 2006
6 .
.
IFAD 1998 2003
. 585 , ,
, ,
, .
, (
) 100% .
(2) IFAD
()
1995 (IFAD)
1998 2003
. 585 , ,
, ,
,
. 3,010 ,
3,210 .
IFAD 2,890 (2,090 SDR)
, , , , ,
. 10 40 0.75%
. UNDP (Co-financier) 60
. 260
. UNOPS
. 1998 12 64%, 1999 81%, 2000
91%, 2001 95% . 2003 6
110
.
,
.
() , () , ()
.
.
IFAD
($)
3 30 585
14.1
2 2 2 4 (2 )
4.4
55 , , , , ,
5.7
2,000
2.9
7 7
, , 10
2.1
, 2.0
32.1
* : , (: , 2003), p. 65.
4-
111
()
,
30 .
30 1997 506,000 1998 719,000
213,000(45%) , 3.3 4.7
. ,
, ,
. 1997 433
1998 740 .
30,932 100%
.
. , , , ,
1994 214% , 109% .
.
, 1998 1999 100% .
IFAD
.
. ,
,
.
. , ,
.
.
.
112
IFAD, UNOPS
.
(IFDA) 1996 2008 6
2010
.121) IFAD 12 90,900
50 . IFAD
.
(IFDA) IFDA
,
.
. IFAD
, WFP FAO
.
.
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174