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PublisherThe Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.Tinley Park, Illinois

Chapter 1

• Fundamentals of Housing

Chapter 1 Overview

• Introduction

• Factors Affecting Housing Choices– Location– Climate– Availability– Cost– Taste– Lifestyle

(Continued)

Chapter 1 Overview

• Types of Housing Available– Tract houses– Custom houses– Manufactured houses– Mobile homes– Cooperatives– Condominiums– Rentals

Objectives

• List physical factors outside the house that affect housing choices.

• Explain the relationship between lifestyle and housing choices.

• Describe the seven main types of housing.• Determine the strengths and weaknesses of

different types of housing.

Introduction

• Housing includes all that is within the dwelling and all that surrounds it.

• Housing is the creation of a special environment in which people live.

• Housing affects the way people feel and act.

• The term lifespace is often used to describe housing.

Factors Affecting Housing Choices

• These factors must be considered to achieve a functional solution to the housing challenge:– location– climate– availability– cost– taste– lifestyle

Location

• Location refers to the specific placement of the home, such as:– urban, suburban, and rural– seashore, mountain, desert, and so forth

• A home should reflect the character of the area.

(Continued)

A Hillside Home

• This house is well suited for a large, open site.

Photo Courtesy of James Hardie® Siding Products

Location

• Most city homes are compact and multilevel structures because lots are small.

• Building materials and furnishings can be affected by the location.

• A home is part of a neighborhood and should be viewed in that setting.

(Continued)

A Florida Home

• A home in Florida should differ in design and materials from a home in Minnesota.

WCI Communities, Inc.

A Minnesota Home

• This home looks sturdy and warm enough for its Minnesota location.

Location

• Shopping, education, worship, and other facilities should be considered when choosing housing.

• Selecting the right neighborhood may be a bigger task than determining the basic requirements for the home.

• Remember, a home cannot be separated from its neighborhood.

Climate

• Climate is a major consideration in housing choices.

• The choice of the climate automatically affects the choice of housing design.– Northern homes need ample insulation and

sloped roofs to reduce snow accumulation.– Desert homes generally have thick

masonry walls and wide overhangs.

A Southwestern Home

• This home is designed to provide a comfortable atmosphere in a hot, arid climate.

Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau

A South Florida Home

• This south Florida home is particularly suited to a warm, moist climate.

Availability

• Availability of desirable housing in a given area is often limited.

• Population shifts do not always coincide with construction patterns.

• Availability is often the determining factor in acquiring housing.

• Some types of housing offer mobility (motor homes and mobile homes).

Housing Availability

• Apartments help accommodate high demand for available housing in a given area.

Norandex/Reynolds Building Products

• Cost is a crucial factor in housing choices for almost everyone.

• Cost becomes more important as construction prices rise.

• Home repairs, taxes, and insurance costs must be considered as well.

• Total housing costs reduce affordable choices to the average person.

• Taste is the sense of what is fitting, harmonious, or beautiful.

• Taste preferences change throughout a person’s life.

• One aspect of good taste in design is function.

• Design that follows personal taste is likely to be pleasing.

Taste in Design

• The pleasing design of this home reflects the personal taste of its occupants.

Georgia Pacific Corporation

Lifestyle

• A household’s lifestyle is related to the values, social status, and activities of its members.

• Lifestyle dictates how a home is used, such as for a– place to sleep – bustling center of activities and hobbies– peaceful retreat– site for social gatherings

(Continued)

Lifestyle

• A truly functional lifespace is a logical extension of a household’s lifestyle.

• The interior space is described as:– individual space– group space– support space

• Homes need all three types, but the amount of each varies with lifestyle.

(Continued)

Lifestyle

• Space should be provided for individual and group activities.– Individual space allows sleeping, dressing,

studying, relaxing, and having privacy.– Group space allows family dining,

recreation, and conversation.– Support space is needed for preparing

food, doing laundry and other tasks, and storing items.

Individual Space

• This individual space is for a younger member of the household.

Manufactured Housing Institute

Group Space

• Group space is necessary for the interaction of two or more people.

Drexel Heritage Furnishings, Inc.

Support Space

• The kitchen is a good example of support space in the home.

Wilsonart

Types of Housing Available

• Tract houses

• Custom houses

• Manufactured houses

• Mobile homes

• Multifamily dwellings (cooperatives, condominiums, and rental apartments)

Tract Houses

• Tract houses are built by a developer using just a few basic plans. This reduces costs and speeds the work.

• Tract houses have several advantages:– The buyer can see the final product.– A firm price can usually be negotiated.– Costs are often less than a custom home.

(Continued)

Tract Houses

• Tract houses also have some disadvantages:– They may be monotonous and have little

individuality.– They often look bare and unfinished for a

few years until trees and shrubs grow.– Lot sizes are generally small.– The buyer takes a risk, not knowing how

successful the development will be.

Custom Houses

• The distinguishing feature of custom houses is they are designed and built for a specific household.

• They are different from all other houses.• A custom house costs more per square

foot than other types of housing.• They are generally tailored to specific

building sites.

(Continued)

An Architect-Designed House

• This custom house is compatible with the site, local climate, and the occupants’ lifestyle.

Custom Houses

• A custom house is the dream of most people.

• Plans may be designed by an architect or purchased from a publisher and modified to meet family needs.

• Designing a functional home requires special skills.

(Continued)

A Stock Plan

• A stock plan can be modified to meet the needs of a prospective homeowner.

Kingsberry Homes

Custom Houses

• Individuals should assess their skills before attempting to design and build a home.

• Homeowners should not need to alter activities to fit their custom houses.

• The site is an integral part of the whole and should complement the finished structure.

(Continued)

A Complementary Site

• This custom house is well suited to its beach location.

Custom Houses

• The advantages of designing a custom house include:– an exhilarating experience– savings in labor charges– the satisfaction of having a home built to

personal specifications

(Continued)

Custom Houses

• The disadvantages of designing and building a custom house include:– a process that is very complicated– a need for much patience and hard work– difficulty in getting a loan for an owner-built

house– codes that may require a licensed

contractor to perform certain tasks

Manufactured Houses

• Manufactured houses are available in several forms and degrees of completion, including:– modular components– prefabs– kit houses– precuts

(Continued)

Manufactured Houses

• Manufactured houses may include preassembled modular components such as:– roof panels– floor panels– wall sections– kitchens– baths

(Continued)

A House Being Manufactured

• Standard modular components were used to assemble this manufactured house.

Manufactured Houses

• Some houses are almost complete when they leave the factory.

• Others such as prefab houses are delivered as large panels ready for erection on the site.

• Kit houses are also available for factory models.

(Continued)

A Factory-Built Module

• A factory-built module is placed on the foundation with a large crane.

Manufactured Houses

• Today’s manufactured houses are well-constructed and incorporate good design.

• Advantages include lower costs, reduced time in building, and higher quality.

• Disadvantages include a limited selection and problems with large modules.

A Precut Model

• This home used factory precuts, which are packaged components cut to size for a plan.

Photo courtesy of Lindal Cedar Homes, Inc., Seattle, WA

A Manufactured House

• This manufactured house has the look of a custom house.

Mobile Homes

• Mobile homes, designed to be movable, are constructed on frames having wheels for towing.

• Two or more units may be joined together.

• A permanent or temporary foundation may be used.

(Continued)

A Mobile Home

• Mobile homes make efficient use of space and generally are very economical.

Mobile Homes

• Advantages include economy, mobile-home park services, movability, and a “move-in” condition (with appliances, carpeting, and other amenities provided).

• Disadvantages include rapid depreciation, social stigma, and high fees for moving, which can only be done by professionals.

Cooperatives

• A cooperative refers to a type of ownership, not a type of building.

• The management is run as a corporation.

• Buyers purchase stock in the corporation, and as owners, determine how the coop is run.

(Continued)

A Cooperative

• A cooperative combines the advantages of home ownership and the convenience of apartment living.

Cooperatives

• A buyer receives a lease to an apartment, but does not pay rent.

• The buyer does, however, pay a monthly fee for taxes and maintenance.

• Residents vote on potential buyers.

• Wishes of the total group prevail.

Condominiums

• The owner of a condominium buys the apartment and a share of the common ground.

• The owner pays taxes as though it were a separate house.

• Owners have joint interest in all shared property and facilities (hallways, laundry areas, parking lots, swimming pools).

(Continued)

A Typical Condominium

• Common property is maintained with money collected from monthly assessments.

Condominiums

• An owner may sell a condo unit without consent of other owners.

• Owners cast votes proportional to the original value of their units.

• A condominium complex may include a mixture of apartments, townhouses, and duplexes.

Rentals

• Apartments are the most common rentals.

• Rental apartments generally require low initial expense and upkeep effort.

• They address a variety of lifestyles and are readily available.

• Choices of apartment styles, size, price range, and facilities are unlimited.

(Continued)

Rental Apartments

• Rental apartments are often located near shopping, recreation, and transportation.

Rentals

• Disadvantages of rentals relate mostly to lack of control over the living space.– Renters have little voice in how the building

is managed or maintained.– Neighbors may move so frequently that no

neighborhood spirit develops.

• Rent payments do not result in equity.

Glossary• condominium Dwelling wherein the owner buys an apartment and a

share of the common ground.

• cooperative A dwelling that is managed and run as a corporation.

• custom houses Houses that are designed and built to meet the needs

of specific households.

• housing The structural dwelling, its contents, and its

surroundings.

Glossary• kit houses Factory models of houses available in kits.

• manufactured houses Types of houses that are produced in a factory,

shipped to the site, and put into place with a crane.

• precuts Packaged materials used to build a house that are

already cut to size for a customer’s plan.

• prefab housing Housing units delivered as preassembled panels

ready for erecting on the site.

Glossary• tract houses Several houses built from a few basic plans on a tract

of land that has been divided into lots.

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