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CITY AS OUR FUTURE @ KAZAN URBAN FORUM 2014 NORLIZA HASHIM MANAGING DIRECTOR AJM Planning and Urban Design Group Sdn Bhd and
SECRETARY GENERAL Eastern Organisation for Planning and Human Settlements
A World of Cities n Today – it’s a world of Cities
Kuala Lumpur Singapore
Jakarta
London
Sydney Melbourne
Dubai
Johannesburg
Perth
Bogota
Cape Town
Vancouver Toronto
Florida
Nairobi
Copenhagen
Brisbane
Hong Kong
1804 1927 1960 1975 1993 1999 2006 2009 2012 2050
1 billion 2 billion 3 billion 4 billion 5.3 billion 6 billion 6.5 billion 6.8 billion 7 billion 9.2 billion
More People Now Lives in Cities 51% (3.5B) of the world’s population now lives in cities
42% of cities has more than 1 million population 28 megacities (above 10M population) – 13% of population
7 out of 10 World’s Largest Urban Areas are in Asia (2013)
Cities Now Compete For Same Economic Space
Cities are the actors of Global Economy They configure the more advanced of economic clusters
The world's top 100 cities generate approximately half of the world's total economic output.
80% of US economic outputs comes from cities and metros 78% of China’s GDP comes from cities and metros (recently urbanised)
1 2 3
Cities Competitiveness Globally, economic activity is highly concentrated in key cities in each country
Cities Design & Management Essential for Quality of Life, Social Cohesion, Magnetism
and Attraction of Talent
Cities Produce 80% of World CO2 Emission Design of Cities is Key to Sustainability of Our Planet and to Promote
Greener Environment & Economy
Working Partners
• People now choose the city where they want to live; before they chose the job they wanted
• Efficient and liveable cities are the keys to successful national development
A Changing World
Source: Economic Intelligence Unit, Price Waterhouse Coopers
Trend line of countries’ expected spending according to wealth
Liveability & Wealth There is a strong linkage between the wealth of cities and the
quality of life within cities
About Malaysia POPULATION MALAYSIA • 29 million (2011), (21M- Peninsular Malaysia) TOTAL LAND AREA • 330,803 km² (200,565 sq.km – East Malaysia) EMPLOYMENT/GDP GROWTH • 12.3 million (2011)/ 5.2% (2012- 2787.7B USD) URBAN POPULATION 2011 • 63.8% of the population lives in Urban areas
Malaysia and South East Asia Population Density (person per sq km – 86person/sqkm)
Kuala Lumpur Johor Bharu Georgetown, Penang Malacca Ipoh
Cities Competitiveness Needs Strong and Holistic Urban Policies
Malaysia’s Response to Urban Challenge Holistic Planning and Development System
VISION 2020
TIER 1 : NATIONAL PLANNING
NATIONAL PHYSICAL
PLAN
SECTORAL POLICIES/
PLANS
5 - YEAR MALAYSIA
PLAN
TIER 2 : REGIONAL / STATE PLANNING
STATE DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
SECTORAL POLICIES/
PLANS
TIER 3 : LOCAL PLANNING
LOCAL PLAN
SPECIAL AREA PLAN
REGIONAL / STRUCTURE
PLAN
1 VISION Several Tiers of Transformation Programmes
• Ini$ated under Economic Transforma$on Program 2010
• Focused on Klang Valley • 3,428 km2 or 342,726
hectares • 6.4 M popula$on (2010) • 10.0 M popula$on (2020) • 10 LPA’s and 2 States
GREATER KL/KLANG VALLEY
• Ini$ated in 9th MP (2005-‐2010)
• Focused on Five Flagships • 2,217 km2 or 222,577
hectares • 1.6 M popula$on (2010) • 3.0 M popula$on (2025) • 5 LPA’s and 3 Districts
ISKANDAR MALAYSIA
Na2onal Physical Plan Government’s ini2a2ves
Georgetown Conurbation
Johor Bahru Conurbation
Kuala Lumpur
Conurbation
Georgetown Conurbation
GT Conurba$on
Highway
Federal Road
Major Road
Railway
Kangar
Alor Setar
George Town
GEORGETOWN CONNURBATION
• Iden$fied in NPP2 • Focused on Penang, South
Kedah & North Perak • 4,444 km2 or 444,000 hec • 2.7 M popula$on (2010) • 9 LPA’s and 3 States
Acknowledge Role of Cities as Economic Regions
Acknowledge Role of Cities as Economic Regions – Greater Kuala Lumpur
Greater Kuala Lumpur Blueprint
Greater Kuala Lumpur Blueprint
Working D
raft -Last Modified 8/2/2010 2:45:57 PM
Greater KL/KV’s has a strong value proposition for global and regional MNCs
▪ High investor protection index of 8.67▪ Takes only 11 days to start a business▪ Low corporate tax rate of 25%▪ Prime office rental of RM 90-120 / sq m per mth ▪ Strong skilled labour index of 6.7
Business environment
▪ Low cost of living compared to Hong Kong and Singapore
▪ High quality of life index of 7.98▪ Strong university education index of 7.02
Liveability
Key value proposition
of Greater KL/KV
▪ Connectivity to major
Last Modified 8/2/2010 2:45:57 PM
Printed 7/27/2010 11:38:55 PM
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Within 2 hour
flight to
Singapore and
Jakarta
Within 6
hour flight
to Shanghai,
Hong Kong,
and Beijing
SOURCE: IMD; Doingbusiness.org
▪ 22 mln passenger transported by plane yearly
▪ Total R&D expenditure per capita in Malaysia is RM 180
▪ Qualified engineer index of 7.17
▪ Technological regulation index of 7.48
Infrastructure
▪ Attract & retain talent index of 7.8▪ High English proficiency ▪ Targeting 5% population growth
Human Capital
▪ Connectivity to major
markets
▪ Cost reduction of 20~30%
▪ Highly educated human
capital
▪ Rising infrastructure level
▪ High quality of living
Working D
raft -Last Modified 8/2/2010 2:45:57 PM
1.00.7
2.3
5.8
9.8
4.0
Population and employment demand in GKLmln population
ForeignIncrementalimmigration
12%
40% Baselinepopulationgrowth
48%
LocalIncrementalimmigration
1.7 mln new jobs created by 2020 through baseline growth and NKEA initiatives
GKL/KV’s population will need to grow to 10 mln by 2020 to fulfill employment demand and create RM120 bil GNI
Last Modified 8/2/2010 2:45:57 PM
Printed 7/27/2010 11:38:55 PM
11SOURCE: MOHR, DOS, NKEA lab, Team analysis
Incremental GNI Impact
RM ~ 120 billionBased on economic activity provided by other initiatives in Kuala Lumpur
3.3
2.5
Employment 20091
Baseline employment growth2
Non-active population 2009
Current 2010 population
GKL 2020 projected population
Incremental non-active population
NKEA employment growth
1 Based on 63.7% Labour Force Participation Rate and 68.1% active labor age (15~64)2 MOHR estimates based on baseline population growth
▪ Target 500,000 (12%) through the attraction of foreign talent (overseas Malaysians or expatriates)
▪ Talent attraction initiatives to be implemented by Talent Corp.
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PLANNING EVOLVES We need to know we are before we evolve and change
Performance Evalua2on
• Content Gap • Performance
Evaluation • A Scorecard
24 CDP 2005-2025 The CDP formulates the overall development framework, vision and key directions in order to strengthen the physical, economic and social development of IM.
CDP 2006 - 2025 is divided into seventeen (17) chapters, in two main sections: The initiatives in CDP • Function of authority;
• Enhancement of quality of living environment;
• Management of the use of land;
• Management and promotion of urbanization;
• Protection, preservation and enhancement of natural environmental resources, agricultural resources, parks and open spaces;
• Protection of the natural coastal environment;
• Revitalization of JB City Centre;
• Provision, integration and coordination of urban;
• Infrastructure and utility services;
• Improvement of urban linkages;
• Promote of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD); and
• Targeted commercial development.
Proposal for the development in Iskandar Malaysia
6 Key Directions
NATURAL AND GREEN
ENVIRONMENT
5 Key Directions
THE COASTAL ZONE
6 Key Directions
JOHOR BAHRU CITY CENTRE
2 Key Directions
URBAN LINKAGE SYSTEM
11 Key Directions
URBAN INFRASTRUCTUR
E
10 Strategic Thrusts
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT
7 Strategic Thrusts
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
3 Strategic Thrusts
TRANSIT-ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENT
4 Areas of Focus
REGULATORY, LEGAL &
INSTITUTIONAL
7 Initiatives
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
25 CDP 2005-2025 Key Indicators And Strategic Thrust Set By CDP
Targeted Economic Indicators
Focused Development At 5 Promoted Flagships
Proposed Development Corridor
Improved Accessibility Through Regional and East-West Linkages
Strengthen International Linkages & Leverage On Singapore
2005 2025 2010
Population size (Million)
1.3 3.0 1.6
GDP (PPP) (in USD Million)
20 93.3 37.8
GDP per capita (PPP) in USD
14,790 31,100 NA
Labour Force 0.624 Mil 1.46 Mil 0.722 Mil
Employment 0.610 Mil 1.428 Mil 0.703 Mil
Unemployment
3-4 % 1.8% 2.6%
Jobs Created NA 817,500 93,400
IM just entered its second phase.
Progressive & Sustainable Investment and Economic Development
PHASE 1 Planning
Foundation Building
PHASE 2 Strengthening
& Growth
PHASE 3 Sustain
& Innovate
Evo
luti
on
2007-2009 2016-2025 2010-2015
IM Strategic Roadmap
CDP 2005-2025 CDP also sets the framework for the development implementation of IM.
CDP identified Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA) as the regional authority with main functions to:
• Develop • Facilitate and regulate
approvals • Promote social benefits to
community
Iskandar Investment Berhad has been identified as super developer apart from other existing property players.
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All blueprints will be examined against the relevant CDP 2006-2025 strategic thrusts and key directions.
Economic Development
(7 strategic thrusts)
CDP 2006-2025 strategic thrusts and key directions
Social Development
(7 strategic thrusts)
Physical Development (10 strategic
thrusts)
Natural and Green
Development (6 key
directions)
Coastal Zone (5 key
directions)
Johor Bahru City Centre
(5 key directions)
Urban Infrastructure
(11 key directions)
Urban Linkages including TOD
(5 strategic thrusts)
Regulatory, Legal and
Institutional (4 areas of
focus)
Commercial Development
CDP 2006-2025 strategic thrusts and key directions
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Investment & Marketing Strategic 3. Tg. Puteri – Tourism 4. Human Capital Blueprint
1. Social Development 2. Planning Design & Guideline on
Housing, Neighbourhood and Facilities
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Shoreline Management Plan 3. Integrated Solid Waste
Management 4. Transport 2010-2030 Masterplan 5. Renewable Energy & Energy
Efficiency 6. Environmental Planning Blueprint
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Shoreline Management Plan 3. Environmental Planning
Blueprint
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Shoreline Management Plan 3. Environmental Planning
Blueprint
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Area Character
Statement
1. Integrated Solid Waste Management
2. Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency
3. Electricity Blueprint 4. Drainage & Stormwater
Management 5. Information &
Communication Technology
1. Integrated Land Use 2. Transport 2010-2030
Masterplan
3 77 16 41
33 10
23 95 27 26 24 66
9 95 66
4 95 66
3 24
27 24 2 44 20
2 26
Blueprints Initiatives/ Programmes
Blueprints Initiatives/ Programme
Content Gap Analysis
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Median- 83%
%
83 Improvement required especially data availability
Ready to be adopted to CDP
5 Blueprints are ready to be adopted into CDP, namely:
1. Environment Planning 2. Shoreline Management 3. Area Character Statement 4. Transportation Masterplan 5. Tanjung Puteri- Tourism
Development
9 blueprint only managed to below median-83%. There are:
1. Social Development
2. Investment and marketing strategy
3. Human Capital
4. Safety and security
5. Planning and Design Guidelines for Housing, Neighbourhood and Facilities
6. ICT Blueprint 7. Road Layout design 8. Maintenance and Operational Plan 9. Housing Management
19 Iskandar blueprints (except GIS Enterprise) have been evaluated based on content gap analysis. 5 main elements has been considered into analysis, namely address relevant CDP strategic thrust, objectives of blueprint, comprehensive of coverage, data, sustainability and programme/ readiness to roll out.
Scorecard For The Blueprint So
cial
Dev
elop
men
t
Inve
stm
ent a
nd M
arke
ting
Str
ateg
y
Hum
an C
apit
al
Safe
ty a
nd S
ecur
ity
Ele
ctri
city
Dra
inag
e an
d S
torm
wat
er
Inte
gra
ted
land
Use
Env
iron
men
tal
Plan
ning
Sh
orel
ine
Man
agem
ent
Plan
ning
and
Des
ign
Gui
del
ines
for
Hou
sing
, N
eig
hbou
rhoo
d a
nd F
acili
ties
IC
T Bl
uep
rint
Are
a C
hara
cter
Sta
tem
ent
Ren
ewab
le E
nerg
y an
d E
nerg
y E
ffic
ienc
y
Tran
spor
tati
on M
aste
rpla
n
Tanj
ung
Put
eri -
Tou
rism
Dev
elop
men
t
Roa
d L
ayou
t Des
ign
Mai
nten
ance
and
Op
erat
iona
l Pla
n
Hou
sing
Man
agem
ent
Integrated
Solid W
aste M
anagem
ent
Blueprints
5 main criteria: 1. Address relevant CDP Strategic Thrusts 2. Meet objectives of the blueprint 3. Comprehensive coverage of subject/
topic
4. Data availability / analysis 5. Sustainability 6. Programme/ Initiatives/ readiness to
roll out
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Planning is Best When Its From The People Always Engage and Listen and Act and Plan Accordingly
People’s Perception and Views These key concerns has guided the plan making process as people’s buy-in will ensure effectiveness of the Plan.
More parks & green spaces
Improve basic public amenities
and facilities
Affordable housing price
More public transportation facilities
and coverage Better quality of life and environment
Save mangrove
Conserve and preserve local history, culture and heritage
Redevelop abandoned project
sites and brownfield areas
Effective and systematic administration & governance
Less foreign workers and should give more chance or priority to local people
Safety & Security
WE WANT……
More fun, relax and recreational
facilities
The success of the Iskandar Malaysia should not be measured by the number of jobs created or development process that have been
implemented, but rather through the level of wellbeing or of the people in Iskandar Malaysia.
A success development should achieve all the necessities and
needs of the people and providing a liveable place to call home.
By En. Manndzri Bin Nasib, Vice President of Johor State Youth Council
Affordable in Cost of living
VISIT/ MEETING WITH RELEVANT ORGANIZATION & AGENCIES
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
ISKANDAR CITY FORUM
• Federal Territory Ministry • Economic Planning Unit • Ministry of Trade and Industry • DBKL Technical Departments • MTPKL • Ministry of Transport & Rapid/Star/Putra • TNB, Telcos, Utility Providers, Wilayah
Persekutuan Infrastructure • Multimedia Development Corporation • Relevant Consultants
• Hotels Association • Travel Agents • Stakeholders • Banks, Insurance, Chamber of
Commerce and Stock Broking • Disabled Group • Youth representative
• Residents representative • Relevant NGO’s
• Relevant Consultants • Hotels Association/Travel Agents • Stakeholders, Banks, Insurance,
Chamber of Commerce and Stock Broking
• Disabled group representative
TWG 1 Legal, Land, Implementation &
Management
TWG 2 Use Class Rules
TWG 3 World Class City & Economic
Growth
TWG 4 Land Use &
Environment
TWG 5 Transportation
TWG 6 Utilities
TWG 2 Community
Development
TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
BRAINSTORMING AND WORKSHOP
FGD World Class Definition for
Kuala Lumpur
FGD Business & Commerce
Tourism Informal Sectors
FGD Disable Youth
Single Mothers
FGD Special Areas Bukit Jalil-Seputeh & Bandar Tun
Razak
FGD Special Areas City Centre & Damansara-Penchala
FGD Special Areas Sentul-Menjalara & Wangsa
Maju-Maluri
BRAINSTORMING World Class Definition for
Kuala Lumpur
BRAINSTORMING Business & Commerce
Tourism Informal Sectors
BRAINSTORMING Disable Youth
Single Mothers
BRAINSTORMING Special Areas Bukit Jalil-Seputeh & Bandar Tun
Razak
BRAINSTORMING Special Areas City Centre & Damansara-Penchala
BRAINSTORMING Special Areas Sentul-Menjalara & Wangsa
Maju-Maluri
MEMBERS Level of Consultations
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A New Paradigm of Planning It is important for people to relate to the city……
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Elements Current Approach New Emphasis City Design Making the city physically attractive. Making well-being, quality of life and liveability
the core of any urban project.
Real estate development driven city-making.
Developments are guided by public interest principles, including aesthetics.
Planning physical projects. Planning communities and neighbourhoods.
Development is by type of land use; residential, commercial and industrial.
Mixed uses are predominant to encourage living, working and leisure activities within the same compact area.
Transport Transportation network are designed to move vehicles via roads and highways.
Transportation networks are designed to move people, with a focus on public transport as the primary spine, supported by a pedestrian-friendly street network.
Movement is seen to be a transportation network and traffic engineering issue.
Mobility, accessibility and seamless connectivity are the desired outcomes.
Environmental, activities and culture
Environment and natural resources are free goods.
Urban projects account for the environmental cost of development.
Emphasis on providing urban infrastructure and services.
Beyond infrastructure and services, culture is an asset and drives a city’s distinctiveness.
Waste is disposed. Waste is a resource to be recycled and reused for example via waste-to-energy initiatives.
Governance Planning and provision of infrastructure is predominantly a central/federal role.
Greater collaboration and cooperation with local authorities to incorporate frontline input into planning and decision making.
Limited civil participation and consultation. Consultative and bottom-up approach to planning and design with the voice of citizens and businesses forming an important input.
A new paradigm on city making
Communities Today & Communities of the Future Different Desire
City Hall Community Centres
Theatres/ Museums
Transit Hospitals
Coffee Shops
Libraries
Schools
Civic Squares Community Gathering
Spaces/Parks
Churches
Offices
Sustainable Communities of the Future
Theatres/ Museums
Transit
Hospital Coffee Shops
Libraries Schools
Parks
Community Centres
City Hall
Churches Offices
Communities Today
Make our Cities = People Cities People Cities = Livable Cities
City Plan Scale Birds eye view / Aircraft perspective
Site Plan Scale Roof top /Helicopter perspective
People Scale Eye level / 5 km/h perspective
Its about the Right Scale that makes a city friendly and comfortable………..
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The creation of spaces for communities that allows for a sense of belonging.
Its about Place Making
How should they be planned in the context of demographic, economic and
technological changes? - Youth Spaces
- Active public realms - Market Square
The Soul of the City Its not about buildings
1 Public Realm ������Quality and functional public realm
2 Visual Character and Identity ������Reflect an innovative and imaginative use of space, form and materials
3 Legibility and Orientation������Land parcels, transport networks, streets and parks - be designed as a coherent whole by the provision of good connections
4 Permeability and Connectivity������Design enables all forms of traffic, pedestrian and vehicular to move easily through the site
5 Safety and Security������Provide defensible space and ensure safety through environmental design
6 Varying Density and Use��� Enables vibrant and active community
Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.
Urban Design is important to a City Centre Urban design blends architecture, landscape architecture and urban planning together
1 Respond to Community Needs������Identifies the likely composition and needs of new communities, and how these will be addressed in a timely way.
2 Building Community Capacity������Community engagement and processes to achieve a strong sense of belonging and identity in a new community.
3 Economic Opportunity������Generate local employment opportunities
4 Healthy and Active Community������Creating safe environments that offer opportunities for healthy activity, recreation and social interaction.
5 Lifelong Learning������Access to education, and training opportunities at different stages of the lifecycle
About Community Well-being
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Kazan Smart City Not Just a New Township development
Its About New Urban Planning
Several workshop were held and as much challenges have been identified.
“ Where performing in the 6 characteristics, built on the ‘smart’ integration of economy, environment and social with focus on investments of human and social capital, combining hard and soft infrastructure that fuel sustainable economic development, a high quality of life, wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance ”
“The Participants Wants A Sustainable
Kazan Smart City”
Stakeholders Input STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT
WO
RKSHO
P PARTICIPA
NTS
STAKEH
OLD
ERS VISITATION
Local Partner Input (TIGP)
Concept Option 1
Presentation by TIGP regarding initial concept plan, and sharing of the site from the perspective of accessibility, current use, strengths and weaknesses.
Concept Option 2 Concept Option 3
Developing Strategies & Concepts for Master Plan Sketch Book 1 : KSC Mobilization & Workshop
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Closing Thoughts If urbanization is not managed it will not yield the desired results.
And
It Needs
• Institution tailored to the 21st Century • Spatial autonomy • Local level accountability
• Innovative solutions • Sustainability is in-built • Not multicultural but intercultural • Spatially blind policies particularly in relation to social
infrastructure • Incentive to enable urban regeneration; not only urban
expansion • Higher standards and better designs • Continuous Monitoring
What It Needs
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Closing Thoughts We Need to Reinvent the City
City as a Living Space – Public health, safety & security – Mobility & accessibility
– Open spaces and private space – Inner city regeneration / renewal – Affordable Housing
City as a Transaction Hub – Economic Revitalization
– Regional / international hub – Creativity & Innovation – Connectivity & Logistics – Microenterprise / corporate social
entrepreneurship
City as a Cultural Hub – Cultural & Civic Facilities – Living Heritage & Endangered Trades
– Entertainment & Culture – Cultural Diversity – Creative Industries
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Closing Thoughts We Need to Reinvent the City
City as a Knowledge Hub – Repository of Knowledge – Learning & Living – Libraries & Museum – Living History & Culture – Research, Innovation & Development Centres
City as a Civic & Democratic Space – Urban Governance & Popular Participation – Social Inclusion & Sense of Community – Poverty – Cultural Diversity – Access to Public Facilities
City as a Sustainable Space – Greening, urban form and planning – Parks & Gardens – Waste Management – Walkable & Cyclable – Ecological sustainability – Carbon footprint & energy
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Put People in The Heart of Planning
Cities
Hub + Home
Inclusive Respectful Vibrant & Creative Excellence Driven
Welcoming Intimate
Surprising Non-Conformist
Young & Pro-active
Sustainable, Liveable City
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Value-Based Approach vs Physical Planning Approach
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THANK YOU
WE NEED TO DESIGN CITIES AS ONE BIG INCLUSIVE SPACE…. EQUITY &
EQUALITY
norliza@apudg.com