Post on 23-Dec-2015
Population
Describe - Why?
BR DR IMR Natural increase Migration Over population Under population Population density
Define
Why do populations grow at different rates
Population structure: why are they different?
DTM
Issues
strain on working population/economy/families; unable to supply enough food to pay for childcare .
time spent by women on childcare/unable to do other work
need for more money to be spent on health care/maternity facilities
overcrowded homes; street children; not enough and overcrowded schools; cost of education/school; so children don’t get
qualifications education for girls
Impacts such as:
Issues
strain on economy/working population; therefore higher taxation in order to pay pensions
need for more money to be spent on facilities for elderly; e.g. care homes/health care
not enough workers for key positions; so need to attract foreign workers and difficult to defend country
services for young under utilised/uneconomical; therefore schools closed down
Impacts such as:
How does it work? incentives for one child families such as free
places in schools and free healthcare, forced abortion/sterilization for parents after
first child. Workplace ‘snooper’ required to grant
permission for employees to have child, advertise benefits of small families such as
greater amount of disposable income available
Population policies: China, 1979
4:2:1 Ageing population Female infanticide, 86:100 50 million unmarried men Relaxed in rural areas such as Tibet Urban industrial areas working well FR down from 6.1 in 1950 to 1.7 today
400 million less than without policy
Issues
Mid 1980s Encouraged immigration and incr in BR Also favoured graduates “Have 3 or more if you can afford it” 20,000SGD tax rebate on 4th child
2006, FR 1.3
Singapore: pro natal
people are unable to work/less food produced as they become weak cannot fight infections,
increases medical care cost as long term care is needed,
reduces size of population due to deaths of people of child bearing age,
increases numbers of orphans as many people who die of HIV/AIDS are aged between 20 and 40 etc
provides more workers; e.g. skilled labour supply/doctors/dentists/technicians;
or cheap and easily exploited labour to do jobs locals do not want;
results in a multi-cultural society; which enhances cultural understanding;
provision of specialist amenities; e.g. restaurants/takeaways.
Issues such as:
Town to country
Availability of water Fertile land agriculture Trade, minerals Urban areas:
Population density: low; Namibia 2.5 psqkm
Issues:WorkforceEconomy, taxResourcesDefence
Concentrated on coastal areas Flat and fertile land Commute from rural to urban Urban areas, trade
High density: Japan, 339 psqkm
High density: SE, London, through Bham And Mchester. Industry TransportAlso Ncastle, S wales, Central Scotland; IndMed density: EA, SW, agrLow; N Scot, Mid Wales, agr
262 per sq km