Bonds of Water- strong› Can break into hydrogen ion (H+ ) and

hydroxide ion (OH- )

H2O H+ + OH-

Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Low concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions› Present in equal numbers› Water is neutral pH

Properties of Acids› Corrosive

Burns your skin

› Sour taste Lemons, vinegar

› Turns blue litmus paper to red color Examples of Acids

› Carbonic Acid in soft drinks (i.e. soda)› Stomach Acid› Lemon Juice

Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH- )

Properties of Bases› Corrosive› Soapy feel› pH more than 7› Turns red litmus paper to a blue color

Examples of Bases› Bleach, some soaps, some cleaning agents› Ammonia› Seawater› Blood

pH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions

All solutions have a pH value between 0 and 14› Pure water, pH= 7› Acids, pH <7› Bases, pH>7

pH Example

Acids 0 HCl

1 Stomach acid

2 Lemon juice

3 Vinegar

4 Soda

5 Rainwater

6 Milk

Neutral 7 Pure water

Bases 8 Egg whites

9 Baking soda

10 Tums® antacid

11 Ammonia

pH meter