Describe the four characteristics common to all organizations. Explain the difference between closed and open systems, and contrast the military/mechanical,
13-2 Organizational Design: How a Structure Connects Employees and Tasks Copyright © 2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Designing Effective Organizations Chapter Fifteen Copyright © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Organizational.
