X and Y Chromosomes. Sex Chromosomes Mammals use a chromosomal method of determining sex: XX is female and XY is male. Birds use a ZW system: ZZ is male.
Dr. Derakhshandeh, PhD Mutation Screening 2 Quantitative PCR and Dosage.
Human Evolution Timelines
Algorithms to Distinguish the Role of Gene-Conversion from Single-Crossover Recombination in Populations Y. Song, Z. Ding, D. Gusfield, C. Langley, Y.
Human Evolution Timelines Source: Jobling, Hurles & Tyler-Smith (2004) Human Evolutionary Genetics. Research HistoryEvolution History.
Algorithms to Distinguish the Role of Gene-Conversion from Single-Crossover recombination in populations