Week8 Gis Rdbms

8/8/2019 Week8 Gis Rdbms

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Understanding RDBMSUnderstanding RDBMSUnderstanding RDBMSUnderstanding RDBMS

Keith T. Weber

GIS DirectorISU-GIS Training and Research Center


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RDBMSRDBMSRDBMSRDBMS Relational Database Management

System


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DatabasesDatabasesDatabasesDatabases

The I in GIS


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Database software...Database software...Database software...Database software... Light Duty

Medium Duty

Heavy Duty


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Database software...Database software...Database software...Database software... Light Duty

Medium Duty

Heavy Duty


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IBM DB2 UDBIBM DB2 UDBIBM DB2 UDBIBM DB2 UDB

The GIS Centers

heavy hitter- IBM

DB2, UniversalDatabase


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Spreadsheets vs. DatabasesSpreadsheets vs. DatabasesSpreadsheets vs. DatabasesSpreadsheets vs. Databases

Integrity! Structure


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RDBMS Concepts andRDBMS Concepts and

TermsTerms

RDBMS Concepts andRDBMS Concepts and

TermsTerms


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IndependenceIndependenceIndependenceIndependence

Physical

Logical


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IntegrityIntegrityIntegrityIntegrity

Important for consistency and transaction

management.

Types: Domain

Redundancy

Constraint

Entity

Referential

Cascading or non-cascading


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K

ey FieldsK

ey FieldsK

ey FieldsK

ey Fields

Unique Identifiers

(?) Primary key

Foreign key

AKA- Relate fields.


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RDBMS StructureRDBMS StructureRDBMS StructureRDBMS Structure


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Database TablesDatabase TablesDatabase TablesDatabase Tables

Database

Table1 Table2 Table3


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Table StructureTable StructureTable StructureTable Structure

Column 1

(Field 1)

Column 2

(Field 2)

Row 1

(Record 1)

Value

Row 2(Record 2)


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Data Value TypesData Value TypesData Value TypesData Value Types

Type Name Storage Occupied/ data value Valid Domain Range

Short Integer 2 bytes -35768 to 32767

Long Integer 4 bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647

Float 4 bytes Any numberfrom n-45 ton38

Double 8 bytes Any numberfrom n-324 ton308

Text (stri

ng) 10 + max. length

= bytes Any alph

anumeric

ch

ara

cte

rs

Date 8 bytes Jan 1, 100 to Dec. 31 9999

LOB (variant) 22 + max. length = bytes Any alphanumericcharacters


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Basic Steps in DatabaseBasic Steps in Database

DesignDesign

Basic Steps in DatabaseBasic Steps in Database

DesignDesign Understand and document thebusiness needs. Problem statement

Business object types

Business relationships Business constraints

Create an ERM

Data and process inventory

Develop tuple types

Tuple types to tables

Integrity

Populate the database


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A Scenario...A Scenario...A Scenario...A Scenario...

Develop a GIS-

Based Tourism

database forSoutheast Idaho.


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Document the businessDocument the business

needsneeds

Document the businessDocument the business

needsneeds What problem or issue is this database

going to address?


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DINING

The Preliminary ERMThe Preliminary ERMThe Preliminary ERMThe Preliminary ERM

Symbolized.

Standard Representation

Attribute Representation

Entity Instance Representation

DINING

K Restaurant Number

Name

Type of food

DINING

K Restaurant Number: 126

Name: Burger King

Type of food: Fast


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RelationshipsRelationshipsRelationshipsRelationships

Determine the relationships between

your entity types.

Add these to the ERM


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Define the ListDefine the ListDefine the ListDefine the List

Database Dictionary

Restaurant_Name

Food_Type

Cost_Mean

The name ofthe restaurant

Categories offood (e.g., 1 =Continental, 2= Fast food,etc.)

The averagecost of allregular menuitems.


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Develop Tuple TypesDevelop Tuple TypesDevelop Tuple TypesDevelop Tuple Types

Use your ERM with relationships

Perform a Walk-through exercise

Simulate information is being added/used

in your database.

Symbolize using Attribute

Representation


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Tuple Types to TablesTuple Types to TablesTuple Types to TablesTuple Types to Tables

ENTITY TYPES

RELATIONSHIP TYPES

TUPLE TYPES

TABLES


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NormalizationNormalizationNormalizationNormalization

First-Fifth Form Normal (1FN,

2FN,5FN)

Academic

Applied


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1FN1FN1FN1FN

All values are atomic

Single cell contains single data value


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2FN2FN2FN2FN

Satisfy 1FN and

Redundant data must be eliminated

How?

Example: Puppy_ID, Trick_ID, Trick_Name


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3FN3FN3FN3FN

Satisfy 1NF and 2FN and

No non-key attributes are dependent on

other non-key attributes.

Example: Appointment_ID, Name, Date,

Time, Species


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AfterNormalizationAfterNormalizationAfterNormalizationAfterNormalization

New tuple types will be created.

New tables will be planned.

Many-many relationships will behandled using associative tables (bridge

tables).


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DeDe--NormalizationNormalizationDeDe--NormalizationNormalization

What? Is this heresy?


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Designing the ActualDesigning the Actual

RDBMSRDBMS

Designing the ActualDesigning the Actual

RDBMSRDBMS Visual modeling based upon your ERM

and Tuple type model.

Implementation of integrity rules basedupon your business constraints.


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Coming Up NextComing Up NextComing Up NextComing Up Next

RDBMS Design

Hands-on exercise


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Populate...Populate...Populate...Populate...

Questions and concerns to revisit

Null data

Reporting discrepancies and variations

Measuring or estimating methods

Client utility/efficiency


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The Last Step?The Last Step?The Last Step?The Last Step?


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Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?

Your assignment

Read the handout to familiarize yourself

with RDBMSs

Complete the On-line SQL course

Complete the Exercise

Week8 Gis Rdbms

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