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THE Aromatherapy Handbook

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THE Aromatherapy

Handbook

By members of the Lab Rats Project

http://www.aromatherapy4healthyliving.com

Copyright © 2006 LabRats Project

http://www.aromatherapy4healthyliving.com


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Table of Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3

List of Authors…………………………………………………………………. 3

Chapter 1, History of Aromatherapy………………………………………… 5

Chapter 2, How Essential Oils Work……………………………….……….. 9

Chapter 3, Career Opportunities for Aromatherapists………………...…. 13

Chapter 4, Aromatherapy Massage…………………………………………22

Chapter 5, Aromatherapy Recipes…………………………………………. 27

Chapter 6, Aromatherapy Accessories……………………………………...43

Chapter 7, Aromatherapy and Cats………………………………………… 49

Drugs to Avoid in Cats……………………………………………… 53

Chapter 8, Flea, Tick and Mosquito Control Through Aromatherapy… 54

Chapter 9, Seven Essential Oils No Home Should Be Without……….….58

Chapter 10, Potential Risks of Essential Oils………….…….……….……..61

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COPYRIGHT NOTICE: You have the following rights to this ebook: You are free to give it away, use it as a bonus

with your own packages, or print it off for personal use. You may not sell it, rewrite any of the content, or claim any

of it as your own.

LEGAL NOTICES: While all attempts have been made to provide effective, verifiable information in this ebook,

neither the Authors nor Publisher assume any responsibility for errors, inaccuracies, or omissions. Any slights of

people or organizations are unintentional. If advice concerning health matters is needed, the services of a qualified

professional should be sought. This ebook is not a source of medical information, and it should not be regarded as

such. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to only the subject

matter covered. It is provided with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering a professional

service. If expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought.


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Introduction

Welcome to the Lab Rats Project. We are all Internet Marketers, recently organized asan online author’s cooperative to create niche products and to share our knowledge witheach other as we navigate the online learning process. We hope you enjoy theinformation in our first book.

Meet the Authors

The charter group consists of the following members and authors of this, our first ebook,in the chosen niche of Aromatherapy.

In alphabetical order:

Tamar Goldstein, B.Sc., T.S.T.C., lives Down Under in thebeautiful city of Sydney, Australia. She is a Jill of All Trades havingbeen a science teacher, Macquarie Dictionary science editor,potter, singing teacher, line dance teacher and entertainer, andnow Internet Marketer! She loves singing and performing the bluesand has written many songs as well. Tamar has also spent manyyears travelling all over the world and thinks that group travel forolder people is an exciting way to go - a business with lifestyle!http://www.writeyourownticket.com/cmd.php?af=472776

Bill M. Moore is 60 and lives in Pearland, Texas, with his wifeNancy and two cats (Buster and Joey). He has been marketingonline for about 3 years and operates two online businessventures. He enjoys building and maintaining his PCs and buyingand selling on eBay. His web site is:www.billmmoore.com. (Make sure you put two M’s in there.)

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Dr. R.J. Peters is a retired doctor of chiropractic, whose studieshave included nutrition and exercise, spinal biomechanics,orthopedics, radiology, and occupational injury and impairmentevaluation. With previous experience as a journalist and publishedauthor, and later as a certified computer technician and networkingadministrator, she is currently enjoying her retirement exploringanimal issues and runs a website at www.theproblemcat.com. Asa member of the National Pony Express Association, one of hermost exciting adventures was carrying the Olympic Torch byhorseback in 1996.

Originally from Vancouver, BC, Canada, Claire Poulton nowmakes her home in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri, USA. Heroccupation before the internet arrived was as an accountant andHotel-Restaurant manager. She worked at these professions forover 25 years. She says, “I have 5 children and 7 (almost 8)grandchildren. They (my 5 children) all are grown up and live invarious parts of the USA and Canada. I’ve been a part of theInternet World for 4 ½ years now. From knowing absolutelynothing to designing professional web sites, I now teach 5 onlineclasses a week to other Internet people who want to learn how tocreate good-looking websites. Health and nutrition have been mymain focus for 26 years. Raising 5 children made it difficult topursue a formal education in that profession, so I read and studiedevery piece of literature I could get my hands on. One of mywebsites is at http://greenwoodhealth.net/capture.”

Steve Watson – As leader of our Aromatherapy group, Stevemanages the details of our progress and our needs in this project.He lives on a mountain top in the Ozark Mountains of Missouriwith his online business partner. He has been marketing online forabout 8 years and runs several online business ventures. As anactive senior at 56, he enjoys cooking, gardening, and homeremodeling and likes to spend spare moments doing pencil andpaint sketches. Living by the Elk River makes for enjoyable fishingand time spent cooling off in the river during the heat of thesummer. His primary website is http://www.surf4success.com.

August Wusterhausen is a freelance author, web designer, webmaster and mentor. Retired Master Air Conditioning andRefrigeration Technician with over forty years of service in airconditioning and refrigeration. Check out his web site:

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Chapter 1

A History of Aromatherapy

By Dr. R.J. Peters

Like acupuncture, aromatherapy has been in use for more than 6,000 years. Its originsaren't completely documented, but there is enough evidence to assemble a decent timeline in the history of therapeutic uses of aromatic essences.

It's possible that it all began in Australia with the aborigines over 40,000 years ago, butthey weren't known for keeping records. Much of their history was passed along verballyfrom generation to generation, much like that of the native tribes on all continents,including the native North American Indians, whose history also is rich with the use offragrant oils for religious and therapeutic purposes.

But the Egyptians, with their use of stone tablets inscribed with stories of their culture,are generally credited with being the first to establish the use of aromatic oils. Later, theGreeks learned from the Egyptians, and still later, the Romans learned from the Greeks.

Concurrently, fragrant oils and plant essences were being developed in ancient China.The oldest surviving medical book in China, Shen Nung’s Herbal Book, dates back toabout 2700 B.C. and catalogs more than 300 plants and their uses. By the 16th century,and hundreds of books later, the Chinese Materia Medica Pen Ts’ao containsinformation on almost 2,000 herbs and 20 essential oils.


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Many of the uses of these oils eventually depended upon the discovery of the distillationprocess, as well as the types of plants present in each location. While the technology ofdistillation is credited to the Egyptians, it’s possible it was concurrently discovered inChina, Turkey and Persia.

The traditional practice of medicine in India, known as Ayurveda, practiced for morethan 3,000 years, also utilized essential oils by the use of therapeutic massage.

As trade routes developed across the globe, the different essences could betransported to countries that couldn't grow the plants to produce them. This, of course,added to their value, and in most instances, made them the currency of the day, as theybecame more valuable than gold.

Numerous passages in the Bible point to the value of oils, spices and herbs, in fact. Themost well known cite might be that of the Three Wise Men who brought gold,frankincense and myrrh to the infant Christ in Bethlehem. Some historians have evenquestioned whether the "gold" mentioned was, in fact, metallic gold, as it could havebeen ambergris, a golden oil that was of such high value, it outclassed gold itself andoften was referred to as "gold" at that time.

Mary Magdelene was criticized in another passage, by Judas Iscariot, for anointing thefeet of Christ, possibly because she was "wasting" an oil called spikenard, consideredextremely valuable at the time. Indeed, the name “Christ,” or Christos, is Greek for“anointed.”

By the first century A.D., the uses for fragrances included religion, health, beauty,“hygiene” and entertainment. It is said that the Roman Emperor Nero used scentsextravagantly at his palace parties, with carved ivory ceiling and wall panels outfitted tosprinkle or mist his guests with rose petals and floral waters.

Hygiene in those days consisted of bathing in perfume or slathering one’s body withfragrant oils. Much later, even Queen Elizabeth I is said to have used such fragrances inher annual bath, “whether she needed it or no.”

Perfumers, called unguentarii, lined the streets of ancient Rome and prescribed the useof different aromatics for specific ills. Placebo effect nothwithstanding, their formulationsmust have worked, because they were regarded as highly as doctors.

While it may have been the Egyptians who mainstreamed the uses of fragrances andessences, other cultures were by then using them also, developing their own processes.India became well known for their spices, herbs and oils, for example, and trading withthem became highly competitive and profitable, giving India a significant boost in theireconomy at the time.

Anyone who has studied American history should remember the stories of the DutchEast India company, who had somewhat of a monopoly on such trades. It was this

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situation that prompted Christopher Columbus to seek a shorter route to the Orient inorder to circumvent the expensive stranglehold they had on the world's trade in spicesand oils.

The rest is history, as they say, since Columbus did not reach the Orient after all. (Anunknown, surprise continent got in the way!) Further, he was not able to find the sameplant life as that which he sought. However, he found others that did become profitableand made the trip worthwhile, including juniper, cedar, sassafras, vanilla and other floralfragrances.

While ancient history is full of fascinating stories of aromatic oils and essences and theiruses, it wasn’t until more recent times that aromatherapy began to be touched by thescientific world.

As civilization evolved and learning advanced at a faster and faster pace, the concept ofscience was born and the learned, educated members of society embarked onresearch, utilizing experimentation and observation to reach conclusions and to catalogknowledge.

Since aromatic oils were such an important part of life throughout the history of humanexistence, it was only logical to pursue that area and continue the advancement of suchknowledge.

Moving ahead to our “modern world,” then, two major changes took place in the late 19th

century. First, the use of fragrances split into two camps: perfumery and cosmetics, andpharmaceuticals. Second, and unfortunately, as with the field of nutrition, essential oilssuffered a huge setback in understanding as well as acceptance and use, due to thediscovery of the ability to formulate synthetic copies of almost any chemical. Areplicated molecule of a vitamin is not the vitamin. Similarly, a copy of a plant oil is notthat plant’s essence. No longer, then, could perfumes be used medicinally.

Synthetic copies are mere shadows of the original and usually are weaker andineffective, or worse, they can be toxic. Sadly, such a reputation is given to theauthentic version by the modern medical community and is cast as ineffective andinferior to accepted medical formulations, or, drugs. Ironically, however, many of today’sdrugs were originally derived from plant sources.

It wasn’t until the 20th century that aromatherapy began its reentry into the world oftherapeutics.

In 1928 (some authorities cite 1930, others say it was as late as 1937), the term“aromatherapy” was coined by French chemist Rene Maurice Gattefoss. His interest isreputed to have begun when he burned himself in a laboratory explosion at the familyperfumery and he reflexively plunged his arm into a handy vat of lavender oil for relief.Later, he was so amazed at his painless recovery, with no scarring, that he pursuedfurther experiments with the oil.



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In the 1960s, French doctor Jean Valnet and biochemist Madame Maury, who bothknew of Gattefoss’s work, furthered the future of aromatherapy with their owninvestigations.

Dr. Valnet had successfully used essential oils in the treatment of burns and woundsduring World War II, along with various fragrances in the treatment of psychiatricproblems. He wrote a book, titled Aromatherapie, which was translated into English andtitled The Practice of Aromatherapy, and which is still a popular and well-respectedvolume today.

Maury developed specific massage techniques for best delivery of such oils and openedclinics across Europe for the practice of her new techniques. She and Micheline Arcierdeveloped methods that are still in use today.

But it was Englishman Robert Tisserand’s book, The Art of Aromatherapy, published in1977, that captured the interest of the American market.

Aromatherapy was ultimately introduced in America in the 1980s in California, where itwas embraced by health food outlets and alternative health practitioners.

A note about disclaimers in this book

For those who might think that smelling fragrances is harmless and incapable of beingtherapeutic, please note the disclaimers provided throughout this ebook, as stated byreputable aromatherapy practitioners, suppliers and educators.

The oils derived from plants and used for therapeutic purposes can have astonishing,as well as devastating, effects, though most results occupy a wide spectrumsomewhere between these extremes. There even is a movement to create licensingand standards for aromatherapy practitioners because a proper education in the use ofthese oils is essential to protect users and those who dispense and recommend them. Amajor player in that movement is Jeanne Rose, past president of the NationalAssociation for Holistic Aromatherapy, who believes that the practice of aromatherapyrequires knowledge of chemistry, physiology and botany.

Nowadays, aromatherapy most often is found within the purview of massage therapistsas well as alternative health disciplines. Its modern use derives from methodsdeveloped in the 1950s by Marguerite (Margaret) Maury, a French biochemist, and anassociate, Micheline Arcier (or Archer), who collaborated with Maury as she establishedclinics in Europe for the use of oils as treatment for specific ailments. Much researchwas done in Europe before aromatherapy was brought to America.



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Chapter 2

How Essential Oils WorkBy Tamar Goldstein

You’ve probably noticed that when we humans cut ourselves a red fluid (blood) oozesout! No great news there. Similarly, when you break or injure the parts of plants they”bleed,” too.

Unlike blood, this fluid is clear. It is, in fact, an oil or resin and within it can be foundtrace elements of nutrients, hormones, enzymes, vitamins, minerals and anti-bodies. Ithas a whole range of different properties such as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-infectious, antiseptic and can stimulate the immune system as well. Oxygen is alsofound in this resin, bound chemically within other molecules such as alcohols, phenols,esters and many other organic molecules, which together make up the essential oil.

This oil is released by the plant to clean the wound, kill the bacteria and start theregeneration or healing process, and in fact has the same function as blood in humans(and other animals). Like blood, this fluid/oil in plants transports the basic nutrientsnecessary to feed and support the cells.

What’s more, the essential oil has the ability to permeate or penetrate the plant’s cellwalls and transport oxygen and nutrients into the cells themselves to support and helptheir immune system. Research has shown that, because of these immune stimulatingproperties, essential oils can support the immune system. So that, for instance, whetherapplied topically (rubbed on) or inhaled, 70% of people who get a cold or flu will recoverfaster using essential oils!


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Essential oils have many special properties which give them the ability to help us dealwith odors and bacteria.

They act in several ways.

1. They are able to increase atmospheric oxygen in a closed space as they releaseoxygenating molecules into the atmosphere. Oils increase ozone and negative ions inthe home, which inhibits the growth of bacteria. This prevents and destroys existingodors of cigarettes, mold, animals, etc.

2. They are able to break up the molecular chains of some chemicals in the air, makingthem non-toxic to us because of their particular electromagnetic attraction to thesechemicals.

3. Essential Oils will bond to metals and chemicals within the body and carry them outof the body, working as natural chelators (they bond organically, forming newcompounds called chelates), so that these toxic substances can’t remain in the tissues.

4. Essential Oils remove dust particles from the air, acting as an air filtration system.

5. Essential Oils are recognized as having a very marked ability to increase cellularoxygen through their normal functioning. When applied to the body by rubbing the feet,they will travel through the body and affect every cell, including the hair, within 20minutes!

In orthodox medicine, one compound, such as aspirin, is made and its properties aretested and known. However, in nature, in each essential oil, there can be many, manydifferent compounds, all with different therapeutic effects. They act synergistically togive the body what it needs. Sometimes it can have opposing effects so it can act as arelaxant or stimulant depending on what’s needed.

Each essential oil contains as many as 100 chemical components, which together exerta strong effect on the whole person. Depending on which component is predominatingin an oil, it acts differently. For example, some oils are relaxing, some soothe, somerelieve pain, etc.

Then there are oils such as lemon and lavender, which adapt to what the body needs,and adapt to that situation. (These are called "adaptogenic.") The mechanism in whichthese essential oils act on us is not very well understood. What is understood is thatthey affect our mind and emotions. They leave no harmful residues.

They enter into the body either by absorption (by rubbing them on the skin) orinhalation. Because Essential Oils are volatile, i.e., they convert into a vapor, theystimulate the powerful sense of smell. It is known that the odors we smell have a greatimpact on how we feel. In fact, it has been shown that people who have no sense ofsmell have a higher incidence of psychiatric problems such as anxiety and depression.




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We are able to distinguish between 10,000 different smells! The fine oil particles enterthrough the nose via cilia (the fine hairs lining the nose) and are absorbed into the bloodstream in the lungs. Once they have entered the bloodstream, they change theelectrical conductivity and pH right at the spot of entry at the capillary and causes anelectrical charge to travel through the body, which explains why it can have such a fasteffect sometimes. One of the major systems affected is the limbic system, the part ofthe brain that controls our moods, emotions, memory and learning.

There has been research done measuring changes in brain frequency with the use ofdifferent essential oil fragrances. For instance, studies with lavender have shown thatthe alpha brain waves, which are associated with relaxation, increase. On the otherhand, studies with jasmine have shown a marked increase of beta waves, whichrepresents alertness! So clearly, different essential oils have different effects.

There are many different essential oils, in fact, as many different oils as there areplants. They are very complex substances containing sometimes up to 100 chemicalcomponents which have many different effects, some of which even depend on whatthe body needs. They can act outside the body, e.g., oxygenating the air and removingpollution or they are absorbed into the body via the nose or the skin and can havemultiple significant effects on mood, health and general well-being.

In Summary:

On a physical level, essential oils are the most potent form of herbal energy. They areantiseptic and immune system stimulants. They are also effective for daily first-aid, e.g.,for bites, itches, coughs and cold.

On a cellular level, essential oils are good for healing wounds, repairing scars,stimulating tissue and regulating the barrier (between the inside and outside world).They help maintain optimum moisture level in skin and protect it from infection.Geranium and lavender are examples of oils that work on this cellular level.

On an emotional level, they stimulate both conscious and sub conscious memories,basic drives and hormones. They are effective in dealing with depression, grief, low selfesteem, improving sleep and stress-related disorders.

On an energy level, they can be applied to acupuncture meridian points, chakras andsubtle energy points to help healing.

On a spiritual or reflective level, essential oils have been used by every major cultureand society for over 10,000 years. They have been used for ritual, prayer, purification,magic, mysticism, celebration and meditation. Many people believe that essential oilscan bring focus and deeper meaning to our existence.

These days the understanding of their properties and appropriate use has beenformalized into a health discipline – aromatherapy - and practitioners are now trained toknow how to use them effectively for optimum health and well being.






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The mechanism by which essential oils acts is complex and not well understood due tothe nature of all the many compounds within each one. Nevertheless, the quality andeffect of fragrance or smell, though little understood, is an important part of our humanexperience and via the many and varied healing properties of essential oils, canenhance our lives and heal our bodies, minds and spirits.


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Chapter 3

What career opportunitiesexist for Aromatherapists?

By Claire Poulton

Career Information for a Degree in Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is commonly associated with complementary and alternative medicine,and involves the use of essential oils and aromatic compounds from plants to affectsomeone's mood or health.

Aromatherapy, although around for centuries, has come back in recent years as apopular field of study for many students interested in alternative medicine.Aromatherapy is used for the treatment or prevention of disease, but is regarded bymany as more of an art form than a traditional healing science.

However, aromatherapy students benefit from their acquired knowledge, and can oftenlearn to use essential oils and natural scents to improve moods, increase energy, or aidin relaxation. While enrolled in an aromatherapy program, students learn to distillessential oils and work with chemicals such as Absolutes, Hydrosols, Infusions,


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Phytoncides, and Carrier oils. Once an aromatherapy degree or certification is earned,students are qualified to work as any of the following:

Aromatherapist

According to the National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy, aromatherapy is the artof using naturally extracted essences from plants to promote the health of the body,spirit and mind. Therapy is based on each patient's reaction to different aromaticextracts and relies on the innate healing powers within each person.

Aromatherapists work closely with their patients, observing their reactions and providingguidance and counsel throughout the treatment. They must be creative and observant,and able to communicate well with people.

Aromatherapists must also have a good nose and be able to distinguish between manydifferent fragrances. This continually growing field has found its way into othertherapeutic disciplines such as massage therapy and acupuncture - the use of aromashelps to relax and ease the discomfort of patients as they undergo the therapy.

Because of this, career opportunities after receiving an education in Aromatherapy(depending on your other skills) can be widely varied. Opportunities can include:

• aromatherapeutic counseling• participating in a Holistic Health Clinic• establishing an Aromatherapy consulting business• retailing essential oils• becoming an author• tutoring schools and interested groups• writing articles for newspapers and magazines• taking better care of your own and loved ones' health.

Aromatherapy Retailer

Many people choose to enter retail, as aromatherapy is hot on the market. Whether youopen your own boutique selling essential oils and fragrances, or you choose to work asa fragrance specialist for a large manufacturer of aromatherapy products, a degree inaromatherapy will certainly be advantageous.

For people planning to go into the retail end of aromatherapy, additional training inbusiness and marketing may be advisable. Because essential oils, bath salts, candles,and other items are enjoying such success on the commercial market, all areas ofaromatherapy are expected to grow.


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Alternative Health Care Practitioners

Alternative health care practitioners provide alternative, or complementary, therapeutichealth services to their clients or patients. Alternative health care treats sickness, injury,and other problems with ways that are different from 'Western' medicine. Mostpractitioners believe they can diagnose, treat, and care for patients relying only on self-healing abilities of the body.

These methods tend to be 'holistic' and draw from many disciplines. Holistic medicineincludes aromatherapy, nutrition counseling, herbal remedies, acupressure,homeopathy, exercise, psychotherapy, physiotherapy, and life style counseling. Thosewith a degree in aromatherapy will need more education to perform medicinal treatment,but the degree is a great first step

A Diploma or Certificate from an Aromatherapy school is not a national certification andis not a 'license to practice.' Therefore, it is very important not to present yourself as aphysician when you begin to practice Aromatherapy.

Although some do seek training in Aromatherapy to enhance their current professionand others simply to enjoy better personal health, Aromatherapy-specific careeropportunities are growing as complementary medicine becomes a more widelyaccepted mode of health care. Aromatherapy is a growing industry in the U.S., andthere are opportunities available for well-trained, dedicated people.

Many schools offer to assist you in finding a place to practice your unique skills aftercompletion of their coursework. A career in Aromatherapy may be for you if you want topractice a subtle, ancient art that can help you educate or heal others through naturalmethods. A professional approach to your practice is gained from the training you willhave received, and with time and experience, your craft and your career will develop.

What laws apply to the practice of aromatherapy?

At this time, there is no specific regulation of Aromatherapists or Aromatherapy. Manypractitioners incorporate it into their practices, such as massage therapy, and the lawsgoverning that practice are the ones that apply. An Aromatherapist with no othermedical training or license generally works as a counselor or teacher and should followwhatever regulations apply to that profession in their area.

What are the prerequisites for an Aromatherapy training program?

The majority of programs are night or weekend seminars and anyone can attend. A fewprograms are designed specifically for medical practitioners. These generally require


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the student to either be enrolled in an appropriate college or to already have adegree/license in their area. These professional Aromatherapy seminars range fromcourses designed for massage therapists to courses designed for medical doctors.

How much does Aromatherapy training cost?

Programs average about $500, but may vary from region to region. It is really up to you,the student, to choose the school you feel most comfortable with and to determinewhose educational philosophies most attract you.

Different schools may focus on different elements of Aromatherapy, and some schoolsmay focus on the study of Aromatherapy in conjunction with other natural health and/orallopathic health disciplines. Many schools offer on-site programs, as well ascorrespondence programs, and online courses.

It is for this reason that it is highly recommended to obtain in depth information aboutthe focus, philosophy, and coursework of various Aromatherapy schools.

What is the current situation with Aromatherapy accreditation in

the United States?

Currently, there is no official form of Aromatherapy accreditation in the U.S. Amongprofessionals in the trade, certainly schools and practitioners who maintain high levelsof quality are more widely reputed. Neither Aromatherapy nor essential oils areregulated by any governmental body. Although there is no official accreditation, manyschools may offer a diploma or certificate which shows successful completion of theircoursework.

Aromatherapy is currently governed by several associations:

• The Educational Standards in Aromatherapy Association in conjunction with theNatural Oils Research Association (NORA)

• The American Alliance of Aromatherapy• The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA)

Generally schools and practitioners affiliate with one of these associations. Each ofthese associations is presently attempting to set educational, certification andaccreditation standards in the United States for Aromatherapy education.

The accreditation goals of these organizations include:

• ensuring compliance with educational standards through an examination process• ensuring ethical considerations are upheld across the community• upholding other professional requirements to obtain and keep certification as an

Aromatherapist


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These organizations, of course, have many other functions besides the coordination ofeducational standards. These functions include:

• serving as a focal and meeting point for members of the professionalAromatherapy community

• creating guidelines for the safe use of oils• serving to improve public awareness of Aromatherapy throughout the U.S.

How long does it take to learn Aromatherapy?

Since there is currently no official accreditation, the length of coursework varies quitewidely from several dozen to several hundred hours to receive a school's individualcertification.

Different people will certainly progress at different rates when learning Aromatherapy.An Aromatherapist who has been practicing for 10 years may feel knowledgeable inonly 60 essential oils. It may take a year or more of practice to really get to know 10essential oils intimately. Others may progress more rapidly. More may not be better inexposure to the numerous essential oils. Like many of the healing arts, it is suggestedthat you place emphasis on getting to know your key tools before venturing on to others.

Basic levels of instruction may allow you to safely and effectively use essential oils toenhance your quality of life, to enhance the quality of your other care giving practices, orfor home use. Basic levels of instruction may answer such questions as:

• What is Aromatherapy?• What are essential oils?• How do they work on the body and the mind?• How can I safely use them?

More advanced levels of study are for those who may want to have a privateconsultation practice, to work in a clinic, or to combine more in-depth Aromatherapyknowledge into their other natural health and/or allopathic health care practices.Advanced levels of study may allow you to delve into areas such as:

• production of oils• oil chemistry• advanced knowledge of effects of oils on the body and mind• understanding the link to memory• mood and emotion• advanced treatment methods and applications• the science of blending oils• safety and toxicity information• additional bio-specificities of various oils and their medicinal and traditional uses


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What is the value of studying a specific course with a reputed

practitioner or institution?

It is very important to have a comprehensive knowledge of Aromatherapy beforebeginning your practice for both safety and quality reasons.

Education and experience are key when applying essential oils for particular medicinalresults. While Aromatherapy may be considered a simple home remedy to some, it is infact both a specific science and a complex art.

Essential oils consist of mixtures of complex chemical components. Many of thesecompounds have powerful healing capacities when appropriately applied, but some canbe harmful. Safety data is mandatory knowledge for anyone using essential oils on theskin, as many can be irritating or sensitizing as well as photo-toxic.

Using excessively high doses of essential oils in a bath could result in skin rash andother allergic responses, lethargy, and possible liver and central nervous systemdamage. When your goal is to heal, having as much and as thorough an education aspossible is definitely in your, and your client's, best interest.

A well-trained and well-educated Aromatherapist works with a client to develop a blendof oils that will best suit the client's needs. The essential oils chosen may work welltogether aesthetically or may address a particular complaint. For example, to addressmuscle pain effectively, it is necessary to create a blend of essential oils that will relievethe tension of the muscle and will also act upon the client mentally and emotionally toaddress the underlying cause of the muscle tension.

This is the "synergy" of blending oils. Creating these synergies to most effectivelypractice the art of Aromatherapy requires the knowledge, awareness, and practice thatcan be acquired most effectively through extensive study with trained professionals.

What is the work like?

Aromatherapists use essential oils (natural plant essences) to improve clients’ physicaland emotional well-being. Aromatherapy is based on the principle that essential oilshave therapeutic properties that can be used to improve health and prevent disease. Itis used particularly for stress-related problems and a variety of chronic conditions.

At the first session with a client, the aromatherapist:

• takes a full medical history from the client - sometimes the aromatherapist seeksconsent from the client’s doctor or other healthcare professional before treatmentcan begin


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• asks the client about their lifestyle, diet, exercise regime, stress levels, allergiesand any emotional issues

• decides which aromatherapy oil, or blend of oils, is best suited to the individual’sneeds - there are around 400 aromatherapy oils, each with different therapeuticproperties, although most aromatherapists use a range of around 50

• mixes the oils - aromatherapy oils can be diluted in a carrier oil and massagedinto the skin, added to a vaporizer and inhaled, used in a bath or a compress oradded to base creams and lotions with instructions for self-administration

• in most cases, applies the oils by a full or partial body massage to the client, whowill have undressed in private and lain on a couch, covered with towels

• makes a note of the treatment and the blend of oils used• gives the client aftercare instructions, e.g. after using some oils the skin should

not be exposed to direct sunlight• may also supply blended oils for the client to use at home.

Hours and Environment

Aromatherapists tend to work flexible hours, according to the number of clients and thetimes that clients are free to see them. They may offer evening and weekendappointments. Some aromatherapists work part time.

Aromatherapists may work in a range of environments, including:

• clinics in their own homes• their own private clinics in other premises• patients’ homes• complementary therapy clinics• medical centers, hospitals and hospices• residential care homes• private physiotherapy and sports clinics• health and fitness centers• beauty salons.

Many aromatherapists wear a white coat, salon dress or tunic and trousers. The jobinvolves bending, stretching and some physical effort.

Some aromatherapists work at more than one location, so a driving license is useful.

Salary and other benefits

These figures are only a guide, as actual rates of pay may vary, depending on theemployer and where people live, and these figures are low.


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A newly-qualified self-employed aromatherapist may earn around $3,700 to $9,400 ayear until the practice has been built up.

Experienced aromatherapists may earn at least $28,000 a year.An aromatherapist with a large established practice may earn $47,000 to $57,000 ayear.

Most aromatherapists are self-employed, so income varies according to the numberof patients they treat and the amount they charge for each session. The average chargefor an aromatherapy session is between $45 and $110. Sessions can last between oneand two hours.

Skills and personal Qualities

An aromatherapist should:

• have excellent communication skills, particularly listening and speaking• have good physical massage skills• have empathy with patients and be sensitive to their problems• be able to inspire trust and confidence in patients• know the properties and chemistry of a large number of essential oils• know when to refer a client to a doctor or other healthcare practitioner• be able to keep accurate records• have business skills.

It is important to:

• like science, particularly biology and chemistry• be concerned for the health and well-being of people• be interested in self-employment.

Aromatherapy is a Growing Business or Employment Opportunity

As most aromatherapists are self-employed, advertised vacancies are unusual.

It’s one of the fastest growing fields in the world today. It is the art and science of usingaromas, essential plant oils, in treatments. According to the National Association ofHolistic Aromatherapy, this field is now “a $300 million a year business estimated toquadruple in the next five years.”


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What kinds of Courses May Be Offered

There are many different organizations and awarding bodies offering aromatherapyqualifications. Course subjects may include:

• anatomy and physiology• pathology• theory of aromatherapy• applied aromatherapy• therapeutic relationships• legislation and code of ethics• business studies• understanding and using research in practice• reflective practice.

Advancement Opportunities

Progression for self-employed aromatherapists usually means building the size of theirbusiness. To do this, they need to establish a good professional reputation and have theright business skills. Some combine practice with training student aromatherapists.

Some aromatherapists train in additional complementary therapies, like reflexology orstress management, which allows them to offer additional services to their clients.


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Chapter 4

Aromatherapy Massage

By Claire Poulton

Introduction

One of the most pleasant, relaxing and therapeutic ways of experiencing aromatherapy,is through aromatherapy massage.

When stress and depression are a major cause of a health imbalance, a fullaromatherapy body massage is the best complementary therapy treatment available. Itis also an excellent preventative treatment to ensure continuation of good health.

Contents

• Effects of Massage Therapy• What to expect during Aromatherapy Massage

o Different Therapeutic Massage Techniques• How Does it Work?• Training and Referrals to Aromatherapists• The Benefits of Aromatherapy Massage in Palliative Care


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Effects of Massage Therapy

Massage therapy has been shown to be highly beneficial in relieving tension and stress.It can affect the involuntary nervous system, and calm the fight or flight response,thereby reducing the level of harmful stress hormones in the body.

Massage stimulates the blood circulation, increasing the supply of nutrients and oxygento cells. Massage also stimulates lymphatic flow, thus improving tissue drainage and theimmune system. The effects are best when long flowing connected strokes are applied.

Many studies have shown that high, prolonged stress levels can increase the likelihoodof contracting various diseases, and reduce recovery time when we do become ill.Stress can cause and aggravate many chronic conditions such as hypertension,migraines, digestive problems, and PMS. Through treatments involving massagetherapy and aromatherapeutic essential oils, relaxation can be induced more frequentlyand the progression of many chronic conditions can also be reduced.

Specific somatic (refers to the body, as opposed to the mind) techniques, working onspecific areas, can reduce chronic and acute muscular tension and pain, by helping tolengthen and release shortened and contracted muscles. These techniques may includestretching, deep tissue, sports massage, neuromuscular, Rolfing, myofascial release.

Massage therapy has long been recognized as an important part of athletic training.Most serious athletes receive regular somatic work. Massage therapists have been anintegral part of the Olympic Games for many years now, helping to improve athleticachievement and increase recovery time after performance.

What to Expect During Aromatherapy Massage

Massage therapy is beneficial, use of essential oils is beneficial, to combine the two canbe synergistically (2 things working together to produce a better result than when doneseparately) even more beneficial than either therapy separately.

Most massage therapists will request a new client to provide some personal informationrelating to their current physical state. It is also helpful to find out whether or not theclient has any current illnesses of injuries that may affect the aromatherapy massagetreatment.

Practitioners of aromatherapy massage will generally have a longer list of questions andareas of discussion. A holistic practitioner considers the client as a "whole" - body, mindand spirit. They will generally help the client think of what factors in their lives may beaffecting them.

For example, someone who suffers from insomnia may have family worries, stresses atwork, indigestion, or simply a noisy environment: any disturbing factor which couldaffect their sleep patterns.


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Rather than only using a relaxing and sedative blend of essential oils, together with acalming massage, a good practitioner will suggest other ways that the client canimprove their sleep patterns. Suggestions such as a referral to a family counselor, achange at work, earplugs, or even a referral to a nutritionist - if indigestion is causing theinsomnia. The practice of getting to the root cause is what makes holistic healing somuch more effective. The initial consultation may take between 30 to 60 minutes,depending on the situation.

When the personal history and consultation are finished, and when other suggestionsand referrals have been made, the aromatherapist will select several essential oils,most suited to the client's needs at this time. The oils are then blended into a massageoil or lotion. Sometimes particular carrier oil will be used. This blend with essential oilswill then be used to give the massage.

The massage therapist will leave the room, allowing the client to undress as far as theyare comfortable, and lay down on a padded massage table. Often, to aid in relaxation,relaxing music will be playing too. For warmth and modesty, the client will be coveredwith a sheet or blanket, which the massage therapist will pull back to work on eachspecific part of the body.

If the client feels uncomfortable at any time, or if a specific technique hurts, they shouldlet the practitioner know. Clear communication, understanding and consent are mostimportant. Depending on the client’s needs and the practitioner’s individual skills andtraining, different styles of somatic (refers to the body, as opposed to the mind) workmay be used.

Different Therapeutic Massage Techniques

All these different massage techniques are used in aromatherapy massage. The totaleffect should be harmonious, and not jar in any way.

• The deep thumb pressures of shiatsuo the pressure of deep tissue massage that is intended to reach nerves,

ligaments, tendons• The soft tissue work called Swedish massage• The slow, gentle, rhythmic movements of effleurage massage

o appropriate for pets, infants and the infirm

The massage usually lasts for an hour, but may be longer or shorter, depending onclient needs. At the end of the session, the practitioner will leave the room, allowing theclient a few minutes to gently "come back to themselves," and get dressed.

After the session, many aromatherapists will also suggest the use of a blend that theclient can use at home between sessions. The practitioner will put together a blend ofoils and give instructions for use to the client.


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Future sessions should also be agreed on. These sessions will depend on client needs,and financial situation. Many clients find that a weekly or biweekly session is mostbeneficial, particularly in the beginning. Some clients receive monthly sessions.

Aromatherapy massage is an excellent "maintenance tool," and should not just be usedto "fix a problem," but should be part of every day life if possible.

Hippocrates stated that "a daily aromatic bath and scented massage are the way tohealth." It would be wonderful if we could all follow that suggestion!

How Does it Work?

Many aromatherapists believe that essential oils are absorbed by the skin. There arehowever differing opinions as to how much of the components of essential oils canpenetrate the skin, and indeed what their effect on the body might be when they dopenetrate.

It seems that some components do penetrate, but more studies are needed. Manybeneficial effects can take place at the level of the skin and some skin conditions can beimproved by the anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties of the essential oils.

During a massage, some of the volatile essential oils are inhaled and some absorptionis likely through the nose and mouth. Also the volatile molecules of the essential oilslock onto receptor cells at the back of the nose. An electrochemical message is sent tothe limbic area of the brain, and appears to trigger memory and emotional responses,which in turn cause messages to be sent to other parts of the brain and body.

In this way, the production of euphoric, relaxing, sedative or stimulating neurochemicalsis stimulated. Many beneficial mental and emotional effects can be seen this way.

Training and Referrals to Aromatherapists

Those who are looking for an aromatherapy massage practitioner should take the timeto find someone with appropriate training. Most massage schools will often briefly talkabout the use of essential oils, but frequently this is not adequate or safe training.

A personal referral from a friend is good. In the USA, The National Association forHolistic Aromatherapy or the American Alliance of Aromatherapy may be able tosuggest some aromatherapists who practice massage therapy in your area.

There is at present no standard in the USA for training in aromatherapy, although this isbeing discussed and developed by the industry. It is therefore important to askquestions:


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• with whom and where did the aromatherapist train• how long was the training and what subjects did it cover• how long have they been in practice

The American Massage Therapy Association can provide referrals to a massagetherapist in your area. You may wish to receive information on a massage therapist whois certified by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork(USA only). Since massage therapy is regulated differently in each state, it is impossibleto list all local regulations here. Some states require licensing and statutory training,some do not.

The Benefits of Aromatherapy Massage in Palliative Care

Aromatherapy and Massage Therapy are complementary treatments. These treatmentsare rising in popularity among patients and healthcare professionals.

They are increasingly being used in palliative (any treatment that offers relief but doesnot cure) care to improve the quality of life of patients. Research conducted at the MarieCurie Cancer Care, in London, England, provides new clinical evidence of the benefitsthat these combined and complementary therapies offer cancer patients.

Researchers assessed the effects of massage and aromatherapy on 103 cancerpatients in a palliative care setting. The patients were randomly allocated to receivemassage using carrier oil (massage) or massage using a carrier oil plus RomanChamomile essential oil (aromatherapy massage).

Results indicated that there was a statistically significant reduction in anxiety and stressafter each massage and the patients who received aromatherapy massage also notedimprovements in their disposition, physical comfort and their quality of life.

The report concludes that massage with or without essential oils appears to reducelevels of anxiety. I also found the benefits are clearly enhanced by the addition ofRoman Chamomile essential oil. The aromatherapy massage treatment seemed to helpimprove physical and psychological symptoms, as well as the patients' overall quality oflife.




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Chapter 5

Aromatherapy Recipes

By Steven Watson


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Introduction

Aromatherapy recipes have been collected for hundreds of years, from every corner ofthe world. Ancient kings and rulers sent their traders to remote parts of the globe insearch of recipes and the essential oils used to create healing wonders.

In this chapter you will find:

• Aromatherapy Massage Recipes• Aromatherapy Recipe for Insomnia• Aromatherapy Recipe for Acne• Aromatherapy Recipes for Stress Relief• Aromatherapy Medicinal Recipes• Aromatherapy Blends for Home

Aromatherapy Recipes Disclaimer

Aromatherapy recipes provided are not to be used to diagnose, prescribe, or treat anyillness or injury and are provided for informational purposes only.

Always consult your own doctor when suffering from any disease, illness or injury, orbefore attempting a traditional or folk remedy.

Keep all products away from children. As with any natural product, aromatherapyformulations can be toxic if misused.

The materials provided in this chapter are for informational purposes and are notintended for use as diagnosis or treatment of a health problem or as a substitute forconsulting a licensed health professional.


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Aromatherapy Massage Recipes

The world over, people use massage therapy to help promote healthy skin, nourish andstrengthen the body, relieve stress, reduce pain, and encourage balance and wellbeing.

Massage opens and increases the flow of energy, balancing the entire nervous systemand helps to release physical and emotional disharmony. The many benefits ofmassage are enhanced by the use of high quality massage oil.

Most aromatherapy massage recipes contain essential oils added to a "carrier oil" whichis then applied to the body.

More commonly used carrier oils in skin care

The more commonly used carrier oils in skin care preparations are listed below.

Hazelnut Oil

Hazelnut oil is pressed from, obviously, Hazelnuts.This is considered the most gentle of the carrieroils, suitable for all skin types. It often serves asthe primary base oil in blends, making up amajority of the mixture.

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Rosehip Seed Oil

Rosehip seed oil is pressed from Rosehip seedsgrown in the mountains of South America. Thiswell researched oil not only has a wealth ofessential fatty acids, but contains trans-retinoicacid, a compound similar to the active ingredientof Retin-A (a well known wrinkle cream), butwithout the drying side effects.

Evening Primrose Oil

Evening Primrose oil is often included in blendsfor aging skin and for eczema. It has one of thehighest known concentrations of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acidwhich may be crucial to optimal health.

Anti-Tension Massage

2 drops Sandalwood oil2 drops Lavender oil2 drops Petitgrain oil

Combine oils in 20 ml of carrier oil. Especially effective on the neck, shoulders, andtemples.









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"Mature Skin Massage"

2 drops Neroli oil2 drops Myrrh oil2 drops Lavender oil

Combine in 20 ml of Wheatgerm oil. Use over any part of the body.

"Blood Circulation Improvement Massage"

6 drops Lavender oil4 drops Rosemary oil2 drops Vetiver oil:

Combine in 4 oz. of sesame oil. Rub into affected areas where it is needed.








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"Bedtime Massage"

3 drops Sandalwood oil2 drops Chamomile oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Welcomed by any part of the body.

"Backache Massage"

2 drops Lavender oil1 drop Lemon oil2 drops Eucalyptus oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Focus on areas of tension with fingertips

Varicose Vein Massage

2 drops Cedarwood oil2 drops Lime oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Rub lightly, usingonly fingertips.

Stimulating Body Rub

1 drop Peppermint oil1 drop Myrrh oil2 drops Lavender oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. This is an excellent winter rub.

Pain-Relieving Massage

3 drops Eucalyptus oil

3 drops Frankincense oil

3 drops Pine oil

Combine oils in 20 ml of carrier oil.Especially effective on sore joints.


















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Sensual Body Massage

3 drops Rose oil3 drops Geranium oil2 drops Patchouli oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Especially useful for sharing with a close friend.

General Face and Neck Massage

3 drops Violet oil2 drops Rose oil

Combine oils in 20 ml of carrier oil. AddVitamin E for extra richness.

Relaxing Massage

2 drops Rose oil2 drops Geranium oil2 drops Lavender oil:

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Very effective as a face and scalp massage. Relievesanxiety.

Hand Massage

5 drops Lime oil5 drops Thyme oil5 drops Eucalyptus oil5 drops Cajeput oil:

Combine in 4 tablespoons carrier oil.Rub generously over the hands.














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Stimulating Massage

1 drop Rosemary oil2 drops Lemongrass oil3 drops Orange oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Good for back and shoulder massages.

Full-Body Massage

2 drops Jasmine oil3 drops Neroli oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Usethroughout the body.

Sunrise Massage

2 drops Petitgrain oil:2 drops Orange oil2 drops Bergamot oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Goodearly-morning body rub.

Leg Massage

2 drops Lime oil1 drop Lemon oil2 drops Cypress oil

Combine oils in 20 ml of carrier oil.Massage on calves, using gentlepressure on varicose veins.














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Aromatherapy Recipe for Insomnia

Evening Wonder

... to bring on that well deserved sleep.Ingredients:

6 drops Spikenard (Nardostachysjatamansi)2 drops Jasmine (Jasminum officinale)4 drops Lavender (Lavandulaaugustifolia)3 drops RomanChamomile(Chamaemelum nobile)

Combine these oils for insomnia. Diffuse this blend using a nebulizer in the bedroomjust before bedtime, or place a few drops on cotton pads around the bed.

Diluted in 1/2 with a carrier oil, such as sweet almond oil, and this recipe could also beused for a relaxing before-bed self massage.

Aromatherapy Recipe for Acne

Combine These Aromatherapy Oils:5 drops Geranium oil(Pelargonium graveolens)7 drops Lavender oil (Lavandula augustifolia)7 drops Atlas Cedarwood oil (Cedrus atlantica)12 drops Tea Tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)1/4 ounce Jojoba oil

Combine oils and jojoba oil in a small glass vial with an orifice reducer. Use a cottonswab or clean finger to apply a drop directly to affected area.












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Aromatherapy Recipes for Stress Relief

Probably the best known aromatherapy recipes are those used for stress relief. Bycombining aromatherapy recipes and aromatherapy massage together you can have awonderful combination to increase relaxation and reduce stress. By adding a coupledrops of your favorite aromatherapy recipe to a carrier oil used in massage you have acombination of two therapies that complement each other very well.

Aromatherapy recipes can be used by simply inhaling essential oils such as Lavender,chamomile, orange blossom, and spikenard. Each is well known as a relaxing essentialoil.

Inhaling any individual essential oil or aromatherapy recipe that you personally findpleasant or soothing will make you feel more relaxed and less stressed.

Here are just a few aromatherapy recipes for relief of stress:

Bedtime Vapors

... for a soothing good night’s sleep.

Ingredients:8 drops Spikenard (Nardostachysjatamansi)4 drops Neroli (Citrus aurantium bigaradia)4 drops Lavender (Lavandula augustifolia)3/4 oz. Neroli hydrosol (Citrus aurantiumbigaradia)1/4 oz. Everclear (or other high proofalcohol)

Combine ingredients in a 1 oz. glass bottle with a spray top. Just before bedtime, shakewell and lightly spray over pillows and sheets.

Soothing Bath Salts

... to bring calm to your world.

Ingredients:

1 drop Lavender (Lavandula augustifolia)1 drop Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)1 drop Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)1 drop Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)1/2 cup Epsom salts or bath salts













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Stir oils into bath salts, and pour the mixture under running warm water in the tub.Enjoy!

Muscle Pain and Stress Relief

... ease the pain and stress of the day.

The following combination of oils in a warm bath will ease muscle pain and stress at thesame time:

Ingredients:3 drops Lavender (Lavandula augustifolia)2 drops Petitgrain (Citrus aurantium var. amara)1-2 drops Frankincense (Boswellia cateri)Add these oils to your warm bath and, swirl them around with your foot. Now step intoone of the most relaxing baths you will ever have. Allow yourself 10 to 20 minutes.Avoid getting the bath water in your eyes, as the oils will sting.You can use this formula up to once a day for 3 days a week over a two to three weekperiod.

Aromatherapy Medicinal Recipes

Nausea Inhalant

1 drop Lavender oil1 drop Peppermint oil.

Place in a small pot of boiling water and inhale vapors.

Insect Bites

5 drops Chamomile oil1 tbsp. Aloe VeraApply to affected area until skin nolonger itches.

Puffy Eyes

1 drop Chamomile oilPlace drop on a cool, damp ball ofcotton wool.Apply to closed eyes for ten minutes.

Tired Eyes

1 drop Chamomile oilPlace on a cool, damp ball of cottonwool. Applyto closed eyes for 10 minutes.









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Sprained Ankle Massage

5 drops Cypress oil5 drops Chamomile oil5 drops Peppermint oilCombine in 3 tablespoons of carrier oil.Apply over affected area.

Sunburn Bath

4 drops Lavender oil6 drops Peppermint oilAdd oils to warm bath and soak for 15minutes.

Dermatitis Bath

2 drops Lavender oil4 drops Geranium oil2 drops Juniper oilAdd oils to warm bath and soak for 15minutes.

Eczema Massage

3 drops Lavender oil3 drops Geranium oil3 drops Bergamot oil6 drops Juniper oil

Combine in 20 ml massage oil andapply to affected areas.

Cellulite Rub

2 drops Juniper oil4 drops Rosemary oil5 drops Fennel oil4 drop Lavender oil:

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil. Massage into affected area.




















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Headache Inhalant

1 drop Rose oil1 drop Basil oil1 drop Orange oil1 drop Rosemary oil.

Breath vapors for approx. 5 minutesand repeat hourly.

Hangover Compress

1 drop Rosewood oil1 drop Peppermint oil1 drop Lavender oilAdd combined oils to a cool, wet rag.Apply to temples for 10 minutes.

Hemorrhoids Bath

3 drops Frankincense oil3 drops Juniper oil5 drops Cypress oil

Add oils to warm bath and soak for 15minutes.

Diarrhea Massage

5 drops Cypress oil5 drops Patchouli oil5 drops Lavender oil

Combine in 20 ml of carrier oil.Massage onto abdomen in a clockwisemotion.

Constipation Massage

6 drops Thyme oil6 drops Rosemary oil

Combine in 1 oz. Almond or Olive oil. Massageon abdomen.



























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Muscle Pain Dressing

3 drops Petitgrain oil2 drops Eucalyptus oil3 drops Ginger oil

Combine in 600 ml hot water. Wring out a piece of fabric in water, and apply to foreheador back of neck. Re-apply when it has cooled to body temperature. Good for periodcramps.

Pre-Menstrual Stress Massage Oil

5 drops Geranium oil10 drops Rose oil7 drops Bergamot oil8 drops Ylang Ylang oil

Combine oils in 2 tablespoons ofsesame oil. Rub gently onto abdomen,using more massage oil if needed.

Cramps Bath

5 drops Marjoram oil5 drops Basil oil

Add to bath water and soak for 15minutes.

Period Cramp Dressing

2 drops Clary Sage oil3 drops Juniper oil

Combine in 600 ml of hot water. Wringout a piece of fabric in water, and applyto forehead or back of neck. Re-applywhen it has cooled to bodytemperature.

Varicose Vein Bath

5 drops Cypress oil5 drops Geranium oilAdd oils to warm bath and soak for 15minutes.

Hives Massage

4 drops Melissa oil4 drops Chamomile oilCombine oils in 20 ml carrier oil. applyto the affected area.





















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Urinary Tract Infection Bath

10 drops Sandalwood oil10 drops Eucalyptus oil

Add oils to a warm bath and soak for15 minutes.

Cystitis Bath

2 drops Cedarwood oil.3 drops Lavender oil3 drops Sandalwood oil

Add to warn bath water and soak for 15minutes.

Skin Rash Compress

2 drops Lavender oil3 drops Cedarwood oilCombine oils in 600 ml iced water.Wring out a piece of fabric in water,and apply to forehead or back of neck.Re-apply when it has warmed tobody temperature.

Bruises

2 drops Fennel oil2 drops Lavender oilCombine in cold water. Wring out acloth in the water and apply as a coldcompress to affected area.

Fever Compress

2 drops Bergamot oil3 drops Tea Tree oil

Combine in 4 oz of iced water. Wringout a piece of fabric in water, and applyto forehead or back of neck. Re-applywhen it has warmed to bodytemperature.

Bronchitis Bath

2 drops Hyssop oil2 drops Sandalwood oil6 drops Eucalyptus oil

Add to hot bath water and soak for 15minutes.

Indigestion Massage

4 drops Basil oil4 drops Coriander oil4 drops Fennel oil4 drops Peppermint oil4 drops Marjoram oil

Combine in 1 oz olive oil. Massagegently into stomach.

























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Aromatherapy Blends for Home

Essential oils are a valuable germ-killing addition to cleaning solutions, and of course,they make great air fresheners.

Aromatherapy All-Purpose Cleaner

Add the following to a chemical resistant spray bottle (this is important, as essential oilsmay dissolve regular plastic) with at least 10 oz capacity. Shake the bottle beforespraying.

• 7 oz water• 10 drops Bergamot oil• 10 drops Cinnamon Bark oil• 10 drops Grapefruit oil• 20 drops Lemon oil• 2 oz concentrated liquid non-bleach cleaner

Don't use essential oils on varnished surfaces, wood furniture, or treated surfaces, sincethey may damage the surface. This cleaner is best for ceramic and porcelain surfaces,but you might want to test a small area before using it on large areas.

Aromatherapy Air Cleaner

Use this blend for diffusing. Essential oildiffusion with a nebulizing diffuser has beenshown to reduce the amount of allergens andgerms in the room.

• 5 drops Bergamot oil• 7 drops Cedarwood oil• 5 drops Cinnamon Bark oil• 5 drops Lemon oil• 7 drops Eucalyptus Radiata oil• 5 drops Tea Tree oil















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Chapter 6

How Essential Oils AreDelivered

and the Accessories UsedBy Tamar Goldstein


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Essential Oils are used in many every day situations, and there are many different ways of usingthem!

Essential Oils can be dissolved in an oil base and applied by hand, i.e., they can be rubbed ontothe skin during massage or applied to particular parts of the body by aromatherapypractitioners to alleviate headaches or other ailments.

A few drops can be put on a handkerchief or tissue to help people sleep.

Others are formulated into bath salts, gels, etc. which can be dissolved into running bathwater to give a relaxing fragrance.

In fact, a few drops of your favorite Essential Oil can be put directly into the bath. The besttime to do this is after you’ve finished running the bath. You put in around 3 drops (I lovelavender!), give it a few minutes to form a surface on top of the bath water before you get inand then RELAX! When you emerge, you’ll find that it stays on your skin, moisturizing it,and of course you have the lingering reminder of it on your person!

Essential Oils can be used to keep clothes smelling nice. They can be added to dried petals asin potpourri, which can be put in sachets and put in drawers, or just left out in bowls.

The most popular way to use Essentials Oils is to put them in devices that allow the smell todiffuse into the air. This can be for various purposes:

• To make the environment relaxing, calm, or even sensual!• To help with stress management (e.g., in a doctor’s surgery, in offices, etc.)• To creating a peaceful atmosphere for meditating.• To help people who have congested chests breathe easily.

• To protect people from biting insects.



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Candles scented with Essential Oils can be used (see below).

Sweet Orange and Myrrh Cedarwood and Cucumber

Travel Aromatherapy Candle Tin Peppermint 3-wick

Another way of dispersing the fragrance of Essential Oils is by dissolvingsome drops in water and heating it to enable it to vaporize. There are OilBurners which have a small tea light candle warming water and oilcontained in a receptacle above.







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Tea-light candle 2 different styles of oil burners/diffusers.

There are many different styles of oil burners available (see above), andthey are very decorative as well.

There are other styles of diffusers which can be used in a

Car Room or carried in a Pocket.




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Even more high tech nebulizers which look fabulous, too :

Ultrasonic Diffuser Glass Vase Nebulizer Aroma Globe

There are even more imaginative ways of dispensing Essential Oils!

Lamp Rings can be placed on your standard desk lamp, a few drops of theoil dropped on the ring and the heat from the lamp will cause it to vaporize!

Terracotta absorbs oils well, so you can put a few drops on a scent stone andcarry it around with you.

Lamp Ring Terracotta Scent Stone





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And finally, a most direct method - A Nasal Aromahaler!

This small but efficient device fits comfortably under your nose and provideshours of vapor from less than 1/7 drop of Essential Oil!

Finally, Essential Oils can be found in many Personal Care products such asshampoos, facial scrubs, deodorant, and skin products. There is a huge varietyof Aromatherapy Accessories and Body and Bath Products. Please visit:

Mountain Rose Herbs.com


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Chapter 7

Aromatherapy and Cats

By Bill Moore


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Introduction

Aromatheraphy for cats is the practice of usingessential oils for healing. The essential oils comefrom plants, seeds, flowers, bark, and roots. Theessential oils act as the plant’s defense systemagainst bacteria, molds, yeasts, viruses and otherinsects. So, how does this apply to cats?

In the past, essential oils were thought to be safe for cats and havebeen recommended for the treatment of stress, mites, and upperrespiratory conditions. New evidence over the last few years hasshown this to be incorrect, and essential oils can be toxic to catswhen applied to the skin, taken internally or even inhaled. Cats reactdifferently to various essential oils, whereas they have been beneficialto humans and even dogs. The problem is that cats’ livers cannotexpel the chemicals in the essential oils like humans, and even dogs,can. The toxicity build up in cats can develop very quickly via internalor external application or even breathing over an extended period oftime. This can lead to serious liver damage or even death.

The symptoms of toxicity buildup in cats include:

• Awkward movement• Dizziness• Vomiting• Lack of energy• Lack of appetite• Excessive tear production in the eyes• Sneezing• Pacing or whining• Licking themselves excessively

Since cats have very thin skin, essence oils are absorbed quickly, and therefore, enterthe blood stream almost immediately. Remember, cats do not like strong odors and willgenerally stay away from them.


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Essential Oils Potentially Toxic to Cats

Several case studies have verified the benefits of treating cats with essence oils.However, while the application of a particular essence oil on one cat can be beneficial,the same application to another cat can lead to side effects. Below is a list of some ofthe essential oils that can cause problems with your cats.

• Peppermint• Lemon Oil• Lavender Oil• Tea Tree Oil• Cinnamon Bark Oil• Wintergreen Oil• Thyme Oil• Birch Oil• Oregano• Clove• Mountain Savory• Cassia

Peppermint

Peppermint and products that contain Pennyroyal are toxic to cats because they containphenols that a cat’s liver cannot process. It takes exposure to these products over along period of time before the cats will show signs of toxicity. The cats are just unable toeliminate the poisons from their bodies. Common cleaning solutions such as Pine-soland Lysol contain phenols. Special care should be paid to rinse well the area toeliminate the possibility that the cats will ingest it from licking their paws or even breathelarge amounts of the fumes.

Lemon Oil

Lemon oil is used as a bathroom cleaner and is a strong germicide, astringent, and airdisinfectant. After cleaning an area with a household cleaner that contains lemon oil,make sure you thoroughly rinse and dry the area. If your cat is in the same area, makesure they can leave the room if they want to. Remember, cats are very sensitive tosmells.

Lavender Oil

There are several cases where cats have been treated with Lavender oil in an effort tohelp alleviate stress. Lavender oil does contain ketones that can cause neurologicalsymptoms over a prolonged period of exposure.

















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Tea Tree Oil

The National Animal Poison Control Center has received several reports oftea tree oil poisoning in the United States. There is no antidote for tea tree oil toxicosisin cats and it can lead to death. The prolonged exposure to tea tree oil will lead to atoxicity buildup in the cat’s liver.

Cinnamon Bark Oil

Cinnamon Bark is a strong antibacterial and antifungal oil, providing a good airfreshener during the winter months for humans. However, it is a strong sensitizer andan irritant and therefore, should not be used on or around cats. It also contains highlevels of phenols and is not recommended for use with cats. Phenols are defined asorganic compounds that are byproducts of petroleum refining, tanning, and textile, dye,and resin manufacturing. Low concentrations cause taste and odor problems in water;higher concentrations can kill aquatic life and humans.

Wintergreen Oil

Wintergreen oil contains a high content of Methyl Salicylate, which builds up in thebody, and can contribute to Salicylate poisoning and is toxic to cats.

Thyme Oil

The FDA generally recognizes thyme and thyme oil as being safe. However, thyme oilcan irritate the skin when applied topically. Taken internally in large doses, it ispoisonous. Thymol is especially toxic, and can produce the following symptoms:nausea, vomiting, gastritis, headache, dizziness, convulsions, coma, cardiac arrest, andrespiratory collapse.

Birch Oil

Birch oils contain Methyl Salicylate, which builds up in the cat’s liver, and can contributeto Salicylate poisoning. It is toxic to cats.

Oregano, Clove, Mountain Savory, and Cassia

Oregano, clove, mountain savory, and cassia contain high levels of phenols and are notrecommended for use with cats.












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DRUGS TO AVOID IN CATS

This is a list of drugs to avoid giving to cats unless under direction of your veterinarian.

• ACETAMINOPHEN and PHENACETIN - Examples are Tylenol, SineAid,SineOff, Anacin-3, Comtrex, Daytril, Nyquil, Allerest, and Vanquish.

• ANTIHISTAMINES AND DECONGESTANTS (PSEUDOEPHIDRINE,CONTACT, BENADRYL, CHLOR-TRIMATON - These drugs can causedepression, vomiting, fever, muscle tremors, rapid or depressed heart rates,disorientation, and seizures.

• ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, SALICYLATE) Pepto-Bismol. Treatment -There is no specific antidote.

• CHOCOLATE (THEOBROMINE) AND CAFFEINE POISONING - Treatment - No antidote exists; treatment is supportive. Fluids are given as part of supportivetreatment.

• NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS - Ibuprofen, (Motrin, Advil,Nuprin, Vick's DayQuil), phenylbutazone (Bute, Butazolidin), naproxen(Naprosyn, Aleve), indomethacin, piroxicam (Feldene).

Recommendations

The information in this chapter of the e-book, Aromatherapy, has not been evaluated orapproved by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended todiagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. We do not make any claims to this effect.This information is not intended to replace professional veterinary and/or medicaladvice.

If you decide to use essential oils on your cats, always use a highly diluted formula. Ifyou have any doubts about essential oils, use hydrosols instead of essential oils on yourcats. Hydrosols are water based and are gentler and much easier for your cat totolerate. Here are some additional guidelines for the use of essential oils with your cats:

• Use a diluted formula of at least 10:1 with mixing oil.• Do not diffuse any essential oils or blends around your cats. Make sure your cats

have the opportunity to leave the room where you are working, or place the catsin another room.

• Avoid household cleaning products with essential oils (citrus or pine).



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Chapter 8

Flea, Tick and MosquitoControl ThroughAromatherapy

By August Wusterhausen


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Introduction

Problems encountered in the summertime are external parasites like fleas and ticks.The first line of defense against any internal or external pests is a healthy diet andhealthy animal. The healthier the animal, the less likely that a parasite will be able totake hold.

Fleas feed on warm-blooded animals. The most common species is the cat flea,which will bite humans, dogs, rats, chickens, raccoons and cats.

The flea will lay eggs on its animal host. When the eggs hatch, the larvae drop off thefur onto furniture, blankets or the carpet and live by feeding on adult flea droppings. Thislarval stage can last from seven days to over a year. Larvae emerge as adults when ahost is present.

Flea bites cause scratching and serious allergies in animals and humans. Fleas canleap vertically up to seven inches and horizontally thirteen inches. Eggs are smooth,oval and white and the larvae are 1/4-inch long bristly-haired creatures.

Fleas rarely bite humans unless the infestation is heavy.

Flea Control

To control them, follow these tips:

• Vacuum on a regular basis, picking up adult and egg-stage fleas. Vacuum up atablespoon of cornstarch to ensure the fleas’ demise, and dispose of the bagimmediately.

• Steam cleaning may be needed as a supplement to kill adult and larval fleas, aswell as some eggs.

• Wash removable floor coverings located in areas where there are knowninfestations and any bedding for pets.

• Restrict pets to a single bed and wash it frequently. Sprinkling the bed witharomatic cedar shavings, rosemary, fennel or rye will help.

• Groom pet with a flea comb daily. Pick off fleas from the comb and drop intosoapy water or hold comb in soapy water. Also bathe your pet frequently.

• Give pets vitamin B1, such as a small dose of brewer’s yeast. A better optionmight be to go to the veterinarian for a B-complex vitamin supplement.

• Light traps are effective for flea control, using either sticky paper or a small tub ofsoapy water to catch attracted fleas.

• Heat treatment is also effective to control flea infestations. Larvae die afterexposure to 103°F for one hour.






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Natural Remedies

Natural Remedies include:

• Nematodes applied to the lawn as a spray enter the fleas’ bodies, feeding ontissue and releasing harmful bacteria. They do not affect people, pets or plants,and occur naturally in soil, so they will not adversely affect beneficial soilorganisms.

• Diatomaceous earth is effective flea control when applied in a light dusting toupholstered furniture and exposed area. Avoid breathing in desiccating dusts andalways wear a mask and goggles when applying this product.

• Boric acid worked into the nap of carpet can be used to control fleas. Exercisecaution when using products containing boric acid and do not use in areas wherechildren or pets will come in direct contact with the chemical.

Don Hamilton, DVM, has some excellent suggestions for controlling fleas naturally. Inhis book, Homeopathic Care for Cats and Dogs, he suggests initially, to control fleas, tryshampooing your dog (or cat) weekly.

You don't need a flea shampoo. Just use a good healthy shampoo, lather up and leaveon for 10 minutes. Then do a good rinse. The bath disrupts the life cycle of the flea. Ifyou prefer using herbal products, you can rinse the dog with Lavender, eucalyptus andpennyroyal. All appear to repel fleas. (These oils may be toxic to cats, so don’t use themon cats.)

How to Flight Fleas

How to fight fleas the natural way:

• Vacuum your home frequently and seal vacuum bags before disposing.• Wash the bedding of your dog weekly in warm soapy water. This is where fleas

usually breed.• Bathing your pet weekly with a mild dog shampoo prevents flea invasion.• Use cedar shampoo for your dog, and put cedar oil in their sleeping mats. Cedar

will repel fleas and other insects.• Fleas are attracted to dry skin, so to avoid it, give your dog Linatone oil mixed

with its food. Excessive shampooing should be avoided.• A mixture of brewer’s yeast and garlic, available in powder or tablet form can be

given in small doses to your pet. This creates a certain odor in pets, and fleas aresure to avoid them.

• Fresh or dried pennyroyal leaves is a natural flea repellent. Use this in carpets toavoid the abundance of fleas in the home. Do not use it if you have small childrenaround, or cats, as this could be toxic.

• A mixture of 60 ml of Lavender oil with 2.8 liters of rock salt can also be placed inareas where dogs usually come in contact with the home environment. Thissolution could also be used to wash your dog.








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• Planting marigolds in the yard is helpful, too, as it repels certain types of bugs aswell as fleas.

• Boiled lemon or orange peel in water can be used as a dip for dogs and can beused also to soak into dog bedding for a few hours, then washed with warmsoapy water.

• Lukewarm water with a little shampoo and detergent is a good way to preventfleas. A dog’s body may be dipped into the solution for fifteen minutes and thenrinsed. This only works if flea infestation is light.

Aromatherapy Mosquito Control

Aromatic cedar oil used as a spray mist will help eliminate mosquitoes from your yard orarea. There is also a mosquito fogger that is designed to control flying insects, ticks andother pests that inhabit your yard or structures.





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Chapter 9

7 Essential Oils No HomeShould Be Without

By Clint Pollard


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When we have a health problem today, most people take some type of drug to takecare of it. Have you ever thought about the suffering people must have gone through500 or 1,000 years ago? Well, it’s possible they didn't suffer as much as we might think.Instead of buying a drug for their health problems like we do today, our ancestors mayhave just picked a few plants, and some of those plants may have worked better thansome of the drugs we take today. One reason I say this is because most of today’sdrugs usually come with some side effects that can cause other problems in our bodies.

I am grateful for all the new inventions and new technology, but the older I get the moreI realize that everything we have today came from something basic, and I think it is timewe return to the basics with our health care. It's really not my idea. Every year more andmore people are trying alternative health care. What I would like to introduce you totoday are some of the essential oils used in Aromatherapy.

• Eucalyptus Essential Oil - Eucalyptus essential oil is used most often forrespiratory conditions, such as a cough or a cold. It has also been used in thetreatment of flu. It's a stimulating oil which helps relieve mental exhaustion andaids in concentration. Other uses are easing the pain of arthritis, rheumatism andother muscular aches and pains. Eucalyptus should be diluted, and avoidedduring pregnancy.

• Geranium Essential Oil - Possible uses include acne, bruises, brokencapillaries, burns, cellulitis, poor circulation, cuts, dermatitis, diabetes, diarrhea,eczema, edema, hemorrhoids, hormonal imbalance, insomnia, jaundice, kidneystones, lice, liver congestion, menopause, mosquito repellant, neuralgia,ringworm, shingles, oily skin, sore throat, spider veins, stress, and tonsillitis. Maycause skin irritation in some; do not use if pregnant or lactating.

• Rosemary Essential Oil - Rosemary essential oil has been used in thetreatment of acne, arteriosclerosis, asthma, bronchitis, candida, cellulite, poorcirculation, colds, colitis, dandruff, dermatitis, dysmenorrhea, dyspepsia, eczema,fatigue, flatulence, flu, fluid retention, gout, oily hair, hair loss, headache,infections, insect repellant, jaundice, lice, liver problems, low blood pressure,muscle pain, neuralgia, ovary problems, palpitations, rheumatism, scalpstimulator, sinusitis, stress, tachycardia, testicle problems, varicose veins, andwhooping cough. Do not use when pregnant, or with high blood pressure,epilepsy; mild skin irritant.

• Thyme Essential Oil - Thyme essential oil has been used for abrasions,abscess, acne, animal bites, antibacterial, antibiotic, anti fungal, antiparasitic,antiseptic, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, athlete's foot, boils, bronchitis, carminative,catarrh, cellulite, chlamydia, circulatory stimulant, cold sores, colds, constipation,cuts, cystitis, dandruff, detoxifying, disinfectant, diuretic, dysmenorrhea,emmenagogue, energizing, fatigue, infertility (male or female), fibrosis, gout,immunity stimulant, influenza, insect bites, insect repellent, laryngitis, lowerabdominal pain, memory loss, menopause, muscular aches, osteoporosis,pneumonia, raises blood pressure, rheumatism, seborrhea, sinusitis, sprains,sore throat, warts, whooping cough, and wrinkles.Thyme oil contains toxicphenols which can irritate the skin and mucous membranes and cause













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sensitization of the skin in some individuals. Use in moderation and highlydiluted. Thyme Oil should NEVER be put directly on the skin. It should always bemixed with another oil. Serious burning can occur from direct concentratedcontact.

• Lemon Essential Oil - Possible uses include acne, anemia, anxiety, arthritis,asthma, boils, brittle nails, broken capillaries, bronchitis, catarrh, cellulitis, poorcirculation, colds, dull complexion, corns, cuts, disinfecting the air, dyspepsia, lowenergy, fever, flu, germicide, gout, heartburn, herpes, high blood pressure,infection, insect bites, intestinal parasites, leukocyte formation, liver deficiency,lymphatic problems, memory problems, mouth ulcers, nosebleeds, rheumatism,oily skin, tonsillitis, varicose veins, warts. Avoid sunlight following application;may cause skin irritation in some; not for babies or young children.

• Basil - Possible uses include treatment of nervous disorders, stress relatedheadaches, migraines and allergies. It is said to clear the mind and relieveintellectual fatigue, while giving clarity and mental strength. It often is used forasthma, bronchitis and sinus infections. It can also be effective in cases ofconstipation, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and can also be used for menstrualproblems. It may relieve gout, helps with arthritis, helps to control acne. Ingeneral it refreshes the skin and can also be used on insect bites. Although basiloil usually stimulates, in excess it can have a stupefying effect and should not beused during pregnancy or on children under 16 years. Since it can irritatesensitive skin, it must be used with care on people with sensitive skin, and alsomust be avoided during pregnancy.

• Peppermint Essential Oil - Possible uses include antibiotic, anti-inflammatory,antiseptic, antispasmodic, bronchitis, cellulite, circulatory stimulant, colds,constipation, dermatitis, digestion, disinfectant, diverticulosis, dysmenorrhea,fainting, fibrosis, flatulence, gingivitis, hay fever, headaches, heartburn,heatstroke, hemorrhoids, indigestion, insect repellent, itching, jet lag, lumbago,muscular aches, nausea, oily skin, osteoporosis, palpitations, rheumatoidarthritis, ringworm, scabies, sinusitis, sunburns, tendonitis, toothaches, upperabdominal pain, varicose veins, vomiting, water retention. Can also be used forconcentration, cooling, exhaustion, memory loss, relaxation, raising bloodpressure, and revitalization. The oil is nontoxic but may sensitize the skin and isan irritant in high concentration. Use in moderation only. Peppermint Oil shouldNEVER be put directly on the skin. It should always be mixed with another oil.Serious burning can occur from direct concentrated contact.

While certain essential oils have been beneficial in treating certain conditions in certainpatients, I cannot state as fact that any of the oils can help you in any health relatedissues. You should always consult a qualified Aromatherapist before using any of theessential oils mentioned above for any health related illnesses.








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Chapter 10

Potential Risks ofEssential Oils

By Dr. R.J. Peters

It’s important to exercise caution and discretion in the use of aromatic oils andessences, as they have the potential to cause complications due to their complexchemical natures and because they are extremely concentrated and volatile. Alwaysconsult with a qualified practitioner and follow accepted safety guidelines.

The use of essential oils is not recommended in conjunction with the followingconditions:

• Asthma• Heart conditions• High blood pressure• Cancer• Undergoing chemotherapy• Epilepsy• Pregnancy• Kidney disease• Neurological disorders


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Improper use can result in:

• Allergic reactions• Headache• Nausea• Skin irritations, including burns• Spontaneous abortion• Excessive diuretic effect• Negative emotions• Hypersensitivity of skin to sunlight

Safety precautions include:

• Proper dilution of the concentrated essences before use• Not using on children under age 5• Use with extreme caution for children over 5• Preliminary skin patch test• Not using in or near eyes or mucous membranes• Staying out of sunlight for a minimum of 4 hours after application

Aromatic essential oils may be derived from Nature, but simply being natural does notguarantee their safety. High or improper doses and uses may not be lethal, but thepotential for toxicity can lead to undesirable results. Always consult with a professionalwho is knowledgeable in the uses and proper application of each compound.

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