PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

43
PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

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Transcript of PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

Page 1: PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

Page 2: PROFINET – Network Infrastructure

PROFINETNetwork Infrastructure

• Office vs. Industrial Network• Topologies• Installation• Cabling and Components

Network Infrastructure

NetworkInstallation

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Office

Differences betweenOffice and Industrial networks

Location Air-conditioned offices Rough environment

Installation Network specialists Plant commissioning personnel

Topology Tree / Star Plant-specific

Availability Second to minute range accepted

Network downtimes < 300 ms

Device density High, switches with a large number of ports

Low, switcheswith few ports

Network monitoring By specially-trained personnel

Part of plant monitoring

Industry

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Ethernet networks in the office

• Tree structured network topologies following ISO/IEC 11801 with application independent cabling systems

FD

FD

BD

Building 2Building 1

BD = Building Distributor, FD = Floor Distributor

BD

FD

FD

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Twisted Pair

• 10BaseT - 10Mbps base band twisted pair system– Category 5 Unshielded twisted pair– Maximum 100m – RJ-45 Connector – Star topology

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Fiber Optic

• 10BaseF – 10Mbps Base band Fiber Optic system– Requires 2 strands of Fiber cable– Maximum 2000m (except for 10BaseFP-

500m)– ST Connectors– Singlemode vs. multimode

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Half-duplex mode– Transmission of data in only one direction

at a time– i.e. walkie-talkie

1

Half and Full-Duplex Explained

PC

Transmit

Receive

PC

TX+

RX+

RX-

Transmit

Receive

TX+

TX-

RX+

RX-

TX- 1001 010

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Half and Full-Duplex Explained

Transmit

Receive

Transmit

Receive

Switch PC

TX+RX+

RX-

TX+

TX-

RX+

RX-

Transmit

Receive

PC

TX+

TX-

RX+

RX-

RX+

RX-

TX+

TX-

TX-0 101

Full-duplex mode– Transmission of data in two directions

simultaneously– i.e. telephone– Full-duplex is a requirement for PROFINET IO

10 01

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• 100Base-TX - 100Mbps base band twisted pair system– Cat 5 UTP or Type 1 STP cabling– Maximum 100m

• 100Base-T4– Uses 4 pairs of Cat 3, 4, or 5 UTP

• 100Base-FX – 100Mbps Fiber Optic system– Requires 2 strands of Fiber cable– SC Connectors

Fast Ethernet

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Gigabit Ethernet

• 1000Base-T - 1000Mbps base band twisted pair system– Uses 4 pairs of Cat 5 UTP or Cat 6– RJ-45 Connector

• 1000Base-X – Identifier for 3 media types– 1000Base-SX (Short wavelength)– 1000Base-LX (Long wavelength)– 1000Base-CX (short copper jumper)– SC and MT-RJ connectors

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Location Air-conditioned offices Rough environment

Installation Network specialists Plant commissioning personnel

Topology Tree / Star Plant-specific

Availability Second to minute range accepted

Network downtimes < 300 ms

Device density High, switches with a large number of ports

Low, switcheswith few ports

Network monitoring By specially-trained personnel

Part of plant monitoring

IndustryOffice

Differences betweenOffice and Industrial networks

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Ethernet networks in Industrial environment

BD BD

MD MD

FD

FD

Machine 1 Machine 2

Floor 1

Floor 2

BuildingOffice

BuildingProduction

FloorDistributor

BuildingDistributor

CampusDistributor CD

• fixed basic installation -variable device connections

• Star and tree structures

• Individual networking degree for any machine / plant

• Star, ring and line structures

MachineDistributor

CD

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Industrial Environment Factors to consider

Office Area Production and Field Areas

Moderate Temperatures Extreme temperatures

Low Dust burden High dust burden

No moisture Moisture possible

Virtually no vibrations Vibrating Machines

Low EMC burden High EMC burden

Low mechanical danger Danger of mechanical damage

Low UV radiation UV burden in outer area

Virtually no chemical danger Chemical burden from oily or aggressive atmospheres

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BUS

Network Topologies

STAR

TREE

RING

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PROFINET networksTree and Star topology

• PROFINET supports both tree and star topologies • Easy Administration of the network• Flexible addition / removal of stations• Favorable network component cost per port

through high port density

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PROFINET networksRing Topology

• PROFINET supports the ring topology for high availability (redundancy)

– For example, if a cable or device fails, then the system will automatically segment itself to a ‘line’ topology keeping the rest of the system active

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PROFINET networksLine Topology

• PROFINET supports the line topology for minimal cabling overhead

• Embedded Switches in the devices (external switches optional)

• Allows topologies like classic fieldbus systems

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Contents of the PROFINET Installation Guide

• Network components

• Network structures

• Installation Wiring

– Plugs

– Cables

• Installation hintsPROFINET Installation Guide Part 1 & 2

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Installation & Wiring -Copper

• Transmission as defined in IEC 8802-3 (100 BASE-TX)• Conducting wires

– Twisted Pair as defined in IEC 11801, CAT5e (Details IEC 61156)

– Hybrid version with Power & Signal• Connectors IP20

– RJ45 from office application– Useful for industrial application

(connectable to AWG22)– Can be assembled in the field

• Connector IP65 (outside of cabinet)– Compatible to IP20 variant– Can be assembled in the field– Hybrid variant with Power & Signal– M12 plug connector (with 4 poles)

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Fiber Optic Components

• Immunity to EMI/RFI and lightning damage

• No ground loops • Low attenuation (data loss) • Longer distance

- 2 km with Multimode fiber - >10 km with Single Mode

fiber • Small and lightweight cable • No shock hazard • Longer life expectancy than

copper or coaxial cable

CoreCladding

Buffer Coating

Core – Thin glass fiber where light travelsCladding – Optical material surrounding the core that reflects light back into the coreBuffer Coating – Outer coating that protects the fiber from damage

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Installation & Wiring -Fiber Optics (FO)

• Connectors IP20– Type SC-Duplex (Push/Pull Connector)– Type BFOC/2,5 (Bayonet Connector)– Can be assembled in the field

• Transmission as defined in IEC 8802-3 (100 BASE-FX)• Conducting wires

– Glass fiber optic ISO/IEC 60793, 60794– Multi-mode fiber: max. 2 km

Mono-mode fiber: max. 14 km

• Connector IP65 (outside of cabinet)– Simplex connector– Can be assembled in the field– Hybrid variant with Power & Signal

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Network Components

• There are many types of Connectivity devices

• They all help to manage traffic on a network

• Some of theses devices are…– Hubs– Switches– Routers

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Hub

Hubs

• Allows a network to function as if it where connected by a single line

• Receives and retransmits signals to all ports• Results in higher network load / not

recommended in field level installations

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Switches

• Associates each port with physical addresses connected through it

• Sends frame out the port associated with the physical address

• Improves the performance of the network

• Two most common types…– Cut-through– Store and forward

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Switch

Switch Operation

A

B

D

C

Switch

A to CB to D

Simultaneously

47-2C-36-64-00-00

55-E0-08-33-4E-39

91-09-83-5B-03-09

14-45-08-7A-11-16

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Switch

Learning MAC Addresses

Port 2Port 3

Port 1

Port 4Node A

Node B Node D

Node C!

Node B MAC

1234.

Lookup tableAddress PortNode A

???.

Node ANode B

??.

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Which Switch to use for PROFINET?

Feature Description Used in PROFINET?

Managed vs. Unmanaged Managed switches offer advanced features Both can be

usedQuality of Service (QOS) Prioritize frames according IEEE 802.1p/q recommended

Trunking Increase bandwidth Useful

VLAN Isolates traffic of different network sections Useful

Port Mirroring Helps to monitor traffic of a device Useful

IGMP Snooping Reduces Broadcast traffic Not needed

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• Managed switches are plug and play but also support SNMP and other advanced features such as Web access, Telnet, for improved diagnostics, commissioning and configuration (redundancy for example)

• Unmanaged switches are also plug and play and usually without many additional features. What you see is what you get! (WYSIWYG)

Managed vs. Unmanaged

Switch

Switch

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Switch

• Without QOS the switch will forward data in the order it receives… first in, first out (Standard Store and Forward)

• With QOS the switch will forward based on a priority field in the Ethernet frame (highest priority frame is then sent first)

Quality of Service (QOS)

• IEEE 802.1p enables traffic priority (QOS) on layer 2 switches

HIGH Priority Message!

B Sender

A Sender C Sender

D Receiver

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VLANs (Virtual LANs)

SwitchBuilding 1 Floor 2

Building 2 Floor 1

Switch

Switch

Engineering VLAN Accounting VLANMarketing VLAN

Building 1 Floor 1

• VLANs logically segment the network • VLANs improve the performance of the network because

broadcast traffic is kept local

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VLANs cont’

• Main Advantages of VLANs– Can divide the network into ‘switched’ separate

broadcast domains for increased performance without the use of routers

• (routers are more complex to manage and add more overhead since they operate at layer 3 of the OSI model)

– Ease of configuration– Ease of device movement without changes to the

device– Lower cost per port (routers are more expensive

than switches)

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Port Mirroring

Switch Switch

Mirror Port

• Defining a mirror port duplicates all traffic on the mirror– in- and outgoing traffic

• Useful for monitoring traffic on a certain port– e.g. with Ethereal

• Available in managed switches or as dedicated device• Useful to trace network traffic for diagnostic reasons

Monitor Port

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Trunking (Link Aggregation)

Switch Switch

Switch Switch

Trunking helps eliminate bottlenecks

Without trunking• One packet after the other will be sent

With trunking• Doubles the bandwidth between 2 switches

Port Trunking spreads traffic between switches on multiple connections

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Wireless Ethernet

• Wireless Ethernet according to IEEE 802.11• Features available for Industrial Wireless

applications• Advantages

– Cost savings through reduction in cabling and installation– No wear on rotating and moving devices (ex. Slip ring, drag chains)– Mobile diagnostics, monitoring, and operation– Moving machines, monorail systems

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Wireless Ethernet (IEEE 802.11)

IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11a

Approx Range 100m* Approx Range 100m* Approx Range 100m*

No clients 8 Max No clients 8 No Clients 35

Limited data rate with 11Mbit/s

High data rate with 54 Mbit/s

High data rate with 54Mbit/s

3 separate channels 3 separate channels 8 separate channels

For indoor / outdoor For indoor / outdoor Only permitted indoor

Transmission power 100mW

Transmission Power 100mW

Transmission Power 20mW

Compatible with IEEE 802.11b radio networks

Not Compatible with IEEE 802.11 b/g

Frequency 2.4 GHz Frequency 2.4 GHz Frequency 5 GHz

*Actual range may vary based upon environmental conditions

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Which Wireless to use for PROFINET?

Feature Description Used in PROFINET?

Wireless Link Monitoring

The access point continuously checks the status of the wireless link for errors.

Useful for diagnostics

Bandwidth reservation

Reserve a portion of the bandwidth for important IO Traffic

Recommended in IO applications

Antenna Diversity Use multiple Antenna’s on the Wireless Access point (2.4 & 5 Ghz) for better reception

Useful in difficult radio signal areas

Redundancy Reliable Wireless infrastructure by coupling multiple Access points for a redundant link

Useful for higher availability

Rapid roaming A rapid way of roaming between Wireless Cells when times in the range of 10 -> 100 ms are required Useful

R-Coax Allows specific radio fields to be formed for controlled reception of Wireless LAN Cells Useful

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Routing

• MAC address– Local address (LAN traffic)– based on hardware and

manufacturer• IP address

– can be used for WAN traffic

– User defined • Routers are the bridge

between local networks Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Hubs

Switches

Routers

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Connecting Networks

212.18.23212.18.23.88.88

212.18.23212.18.23.7.7

212.18.23212.18.23.12.12 119119.88.26.6.88.26.6

119119.88.26.58.88.26.58

119119.88.26.79.88.26.79

183.202183.202.67.25.67.25

183.202183.202.67.8.67.8

183.202183.202.67.84.67.84

Network CNetwork C

Factory Factory ArizonaArizona

Network BNetwork B

Factory Factory TennesseeTennessee

Router (Gateway) Router (Gateway) between the between the

networksnetworks

Network ANetwork A

Corp.Corp.

Washington, DCWashington, DC

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Net ID Host ID

Parts of the IP Address

Subnet Mask

31

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Subnet IDNet ID Host ID

0 IP Address

The Subnet Mask distinguishes the local network from the remote

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Max 256 Host IDsMax 256 SubnetsSubnet Mask

2551 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.2551 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.2551 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.1401 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

.320 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

1421 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

.1281 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Net ID Host ID

Subnet Mask Example

SM: 255.255.255.0

Host ID: 140

Class B: IP: 142.128.32.140 / 24 bits

Subnet ID: 32

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PROFINET and Routing

• Design your network carefully– To get the maximum performance

real-time traffic should stay local (LAN)• No routers between field devices and

controllers– Don’t send cyclic I/O data over routers– Pack data before sending over routers – Use TCP/IP based traffic for sending data

over WAN (e.g. OPC, PROFINET CBA)

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PROFINET Network Infrastructure Summary

• Ethernet as defined in IEEE 802.3• Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS)• Fast Ethernet (100 MBit/s) as defined in 100 BASE-TX• Gigabit Ethernet for network backbone• Full Duplex operation• Support of all network topologies to fit the needs of the

application• Auto-Cross-Over function

– Exchange of conducting wires is repaired automatically by the Auto-Cross-Over function of the network components

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Engineering

Controller

Switch

I/O

PROFIBUS

Wireless

I/O

Photo Senso

r

ConveyorPhoto Senso

r

Photo Senso

r

ConveyorPhoto Senso

r

Photo Senso

r

ConveyorPhoto Senso

r

Photo Senso

r

ConveyorPhoto Senso

r

PROFINET

I/O

I/OPROFIBUS

PB Slave

Proxy

Proxy

230.2226.2

Modbus

Controller

Proxy

PROFIBUS

HMI

XX55

CE

Direct06

DeviceNet

Proxy

Network Infrastructure Demo

WSerial

Proxy