Minor Project automatic room light controller

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AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by Sarita Yadav in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI 1

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Project report on automatic room light controlle

Transcript of Minor Project automatic room light controller

Page 1: Minor Project automatic room light controller

AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH

BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Sarita Yadav

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA NEW DELHI

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ABSTRACT

This Project “Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor

Counter” is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights

as well us counting number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When

somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light

in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the

counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the

persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also

displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job.

It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the

control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52

continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR

Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction

is sensed by the Microcontroller.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

2.1 Power Supply

2.2 Enter and Exit Circuits

2.3 89S52 Microcontroller

2.4 Relay Driver Circuit

3. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Transmission Circuit

3.2 Receiver circuit

4. LIST OF COMPONENTS

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENTS USED

5.1 Microcontroller AT89S52

5.2 TSOP1738 5.3 555 (TIMER IC)

5.4 LTS 542

5.5 LM7805

5.6 Relay Circuit

6. FLOW CHART

7. PROGRAM

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8. CONCLUSION

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

Project title is “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH

BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER”.

The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count

number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room.

Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons.

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances.

With the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for

developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.

Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so

as not to have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

7-SEGMENT DISPLAY

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ENTER SENSOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

EXIT SENSOR

SIGNAL CONDITIONING A

T89S52

RELAYDRIVER

LIGHT

POWER SUPPLY

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BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light

controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consists of the

following essential blocks.

1. Power Supply

2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit

3. AT89S52 micro-controller

4. Relay driver circuit

1. Power Supply:-

Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block

is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12V is given to

relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which

provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.

2. Enter and Exit Circuits:-

This is one of the main parts of our project. The main intention of this block is

to sense the person. For sensing the person we are using a TSOP 1738 sensor. By

using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the number of

persons.

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3. 89S52 Microcontroller:-

It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of

Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is

manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is

compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash

allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional

nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash

on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful Microcontroller, which

provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution for many embedded control

applications.

4. Relay Driver Circuit:-

This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this block

mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are

using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the

transistor, which energizes the particular relay, because of this, appropriate device

is selected and which performs its allotted function.

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

There are two main parts of the circuits.

1. Transmission Circuit (Infrared LEDs)

2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

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1. Transmission Circuit:

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This circuit diagram shows how a 555 timer IC is configured to function as

basic astable multivibrator. The astable multivibrator generates a square

wave, the period of which is determined by the circuit external to IC 555. The

astable multivibrator does not require any external trigger to change the state

of the  output. Hence called free running oscillator. The time during which

the output is either high or low is determined by the two resistors and

a capacitor which are externally connected to the 555 timer.

IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kHz IR signal.

The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the

preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. Then you point it over the

sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz.

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2. Receiver Circuit:

Fig. Receiver circuit

The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver

we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when there is an

interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the

capacitor and resistor in the circuit i.e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the

IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. Input is given to the Port 1

of the microcontroller. Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is

used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose.LTS 542 (Common Anode) is

used for 7-Segment display and that time Relay will get voltage and triggered, so

light will get voltage and it will turn on and when counter will be 00 and at that

time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.

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Hardware Design

Fig. 4.1 Snap of the entire circuit

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MicrocontrollerAT89C52

Infrared SensorTSOP1738

7-SegmentDisplay

Relay

Timer IC555

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LIST OF COMPONENTS

Microcontroller – AT89S52

IC – 7805

Sensor – TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor)

Transformer – 12-0-12, 500 mA

Preset – 4.7K

Disc capacitor – 104,33pF

Reset button switch

Rectifier diode – IN4148

Transistor – BC 547, 2N2222

7-Segment Display

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DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENTS USED

1. Microcontroller AT89S52:

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The

device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory

technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and

pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-

system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro-grammar. By combining a

versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the

Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible

and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash,

256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit

timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial

port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed

with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software

selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the

RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The

Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all

other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

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FEATURES:-

8 KB Reprogrammable flash.

32 Programmable I/O lines.

16 bit Timer/Counter—3.

8 Interrupt sources.

Power range: 4V – 5.5V

Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles

Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Three level program memory lock

Power off flag

Full duplex UART serial channel

Low power idle and power down modes

Interrupt recovery from power down modes

256 KB internal RAM

Dual data pointer

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2.TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)

Fig. Infrared Sensor

Description:

The TSOP17.. – Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes.

Features:

Photo detector and preamplifier in one package

Internal filter for PCM frequency

Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance

TTL and CMOS compatibility

Output active low

Low power consumption

High immunity against ambient light

Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)

Suitable burst length .10 cycles/burst

Block Diagram:

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Fig. Block Diagram of TSOP 173

Application Circuit:

Fig. Application circuit

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3) 555 (TIMER IC):

Fig. Timer IC (555)

Description

The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays

or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if

desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by

one external resistor and capacitor. For astable operation as an oscillator, the free

running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external

resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling

waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL

circuits.

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Features:

Direct replacement for SE555/NE555

Timing from microseconds through hours

Operates in both astable and monostable modes

Adjustable duty cycle

Output can source or sink 200 mA

Output and supply TTL compatible

Temperature stability better than 0.005% per °C

Normally on and normally off output

Available in 8-pin MSOP package

Applications:

Precision timing

Pulse generation

Sequential timing

Time delay generation

Pulse width modulation

Pulse position modulation

Linear ramp generator

4) LTS 542 (7-Segment Display)

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Description:

The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display.

This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP

substrate, and has a red face and red segment.

Fig.7 Segment Display

Features:

Common Anode

0.52 Inch Digit Height

Continuous Uniform Segments

Low power Requirement

Excellent Characters Appearance

High Brightness & High Contrast

Wide Viewing Angle

5) LM7805 (Voltage Regulator)

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Fig. Voltage Regulator

Description:

The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator

are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output

voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs

internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection,

making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can

deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage

regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable

voltages and currents.

Features:

Output Current up to 1A

Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

Thermal Overload Protection

Short Circuit Protection

Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

6) RELAY CIRCUIT:

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Fig. Relay

A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the

microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current

of around 100ma, which cannot be provided by the microcontroller. So the driver

transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part

of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay

remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates and

releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back

EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases.

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FLOW CHART

Fig. 4.7 Flow Chart

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If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look

for the sensor 2, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will

increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time

interrupted.

If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look

for the sensor 1, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will

decrement the count.

When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that

time the relay will turn off, and light will be turned off.

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PROGRAM

// Program to make a bidirectional visitor counter using IR sensor#include <reg51.h>#define msec 1unsigned int num=0;sbit dig_ctrl_4=P2^6; //declare the control pins of seven segmentssbit dig_ctrl_3=P2^5;sbit dig_ctrl_2=P2^6;sbit dig_ctrl_1=P2^5;sbit relay1 = P2^0;sbit pin = P3^7;

unsigned char digi_val[11]={0xFE,0x18,0x6D,0x3d,0x1B,0X37,0x77,0x1C,0xfF,0x3F};unsigned int dig_1,dig_2,dig_3,dig_4,test=0;unsigned char dig_disp=0;sbit up=P1^0; //up pin to make counter count upsbit down=P1^1; //down pin to make counter count down

void delay(int x){char y = 200;pin = !pin;while((x--))

{while((y--));}

}

void init() // to initialize the output pins and Timer0{up=down=1;dig_ctrl_4 = 0;dig_ctrl_3 = 0;dig_ctrl_2 = 0;dig_ctrl_1 = 0;relay1 = 0;TMOD=0x01;

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TL0=0xf6;TH0=0xFf;IE=0x82;TR0=1;P0=0x00;}

void delay1() //To provide a small time delay {

TMOD=0x01; TL0=0x36; TH0=0xF6; TR0=1; while(TF0==0); TR0=0; TF0=0;}

void display() interrupt 1 // Function to display the digits on seven segment. For more details refer seven segment multiplexing.{

TL0=0x36; TH0=0xf6;

P0=0xFF;dig_ctrl_1 = dig_ctrl_3 = dig_ctrl_2 = dig_ctrl_4 = 0;dig_disp++;dig_disp=dig_disp%2;

switch(dig_disp){

case 0: P0= ~digi_val[dig_1]; dig_ctrl_1 = 1; break;

case 1: P0= ~digi_val[dig_2]; dig_ctrl_2 = 1; break;

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case 2: P0= ~digi_val[dig_3]; dig_ctrl_3 = 1; break;

case 3: P0= ~digi_val[dig_4]; dig_ctrl_4 = 1; break;

}}

void main(){

unsigned int cnt=0; init(); relay1 = 0; dig_ctrl_2 = 0;dig_ctrl_1 = 0;

cnt = 0; relay1 = 1; delay(100); relay1 = 0; delay(100); while(1) { if(up==1)

{ cnt=0; delay(1000); if(down==1)

{ if(test<99)test++;

dig_2=test%10;dig_1=test/10;relay1 = 1;

} } if(down==1)

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{ cnt=0;

delay(1000); if(up==1)

{ if(test>0)test--;

if(test == 0) { relay1 = 0; } dig_2=test%10;dig_1=test/10;

}}

}}

CONCLUSION

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Here by we come to the end of our project “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONL VISITOR COUNTER”.

Application of this project

For counting purposes

For automatic room light control

Advantages of this project

Low cost

Easy to use

Implement in single door

Future Expansion

By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various

applications such as fans, tube lights, etc.

By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of

opening and closing the door.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Reference Books

Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY

The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems:

MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI

The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA

Website

www.datasheets4u.com

www. datasheetcatalog .com

www.8051.com

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